This symposium aims to advance our understanding of how labor market discrimination influences individuals in their career choices by examining career decisions such as entrepreneurship, intrapreneurship, and career mobility. Each presentation in our symposium will focus on one of these career choices and elaborate on how and why individuals facing discrimination in the labor market make certain decisions. Furthermore, the papers will explore how such career choices help or hinder individuals to overcome the labor market discrimination that they face in the labor market. A notable feature of our symposium is that the four papers each examine a different population - formerly incarcerated individuals, racial minorities, and women (with children). Collectively, our symposium will present a unique opportunity to better understand the boundary conditions under which each minority group experiences and responds to labor market discrimination. Entrepreneurship as a Way to Overcome Labor Market Discrimination for Formerly Incarcerated People Presenter: Jiwon Hwang; Columbia Business School Presenter: Damon J. Phillips; Columbia Business School Minority Entrepreneurship and Alternative Opportunities inside Established Organizations Presenter: Tiantian Yang; Duke U. Entrepreneurship, Mobility, and the Management of Human Capital: The Effect of Family Constraints Presenter: Martin Ganco; Wisconsin School of Business Presenter: Florence E M Honore; U. of Wisconsin, Madison Presenter: Daniel Olson; U. of Washington Same Planet, Different Worlds? Spatial and Institutional Employment Segregation by Race in America Presenter: John-Paul Ferguson; McGill U.

The rising concerns over STEM retention have led to numerous calls for universities to develop or adopt programs to improve STEM degree outcomes by way of understanding the root cause behind loss of interest throughout the course of a student's time studying a STEM related discipline (Michael, Cliff, McFarland, Modell & Wright, 2017). Moreover, the advances in educational psychology and cognitive science that make up “second‐generation research” have unearthed increasing amounts of evidence that point to psychosocial variables as being vitally influential in a student's acaedmic success (Dunlosky, Rawson, Marsh, Nathan & Willingham, 2013). However, despite promising findings pertaining the advantages metacognitive skills have on perfomance, many college science teachers are resistant to tackling psychological variables in favor of creating a more traditional didactic environment (Freeman et al., 2014). Metacognition Metacognition is a component of self‐regulated learning that is often defined “as thinking about one's thinking” (Schraw, Crippen & Hartley, 2006). As self‐regulated learners, students are able to take control of their learning environment and most importantly that are able to adapt to different learning situations and reflect upon content on a deeper level. Metacognitive skills allows students to assess their strengths and weaknesses as a learner, as well as when and how to use different cognitive strategies. Just as students learn the didactic material through exposure and practice, metacognitive skills develop properly when exercised repeatedly. It has been found that students with poor metacognition perform poorer than their peers (Georghiades, 2000). Moreover, instructors are urged to attend to student metacognition, as it may be particularly salient in this time of “second generation research”. In other words, promoting acquisition of metacognitive skills may augment curriculum changes suggested in recent biology education research to result in robust outcomes. Current Project Many introductory biology courses at high academic institutions are taught in a way that prioritizes memorization of facts rather than conceptual understanding and higher‐order thinking. However, this mode of instruction runs counter contemporary best practices in science education research (Momsen, Long, Wyse & Ebert‐May, 2010). Much attention has focused on the impacts of curriculum change and teaching practices on student performance in anatomy and physiology courses, but fewer studies have examined how this shift to student‐centered learning can be improved by attending to psychological variables. This can be quite profound, as teaching students to be more metacognitive throughout the learning process provides an important vehicle through which they learn to think more like a scientist (Tanner, 2012). Furthermore, this project seeks to investigate how attention to improving student metacognition in anatomy and physiology courses can benefit their science identity, overall course grade and retention. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .

We introduce Artifact-Based Rendering (ABR), a framework of tools, algorithms, and processes that makes it possible to produce real, data-driven 3D scientific visualizations with a visual language derived entirely from colors, lines, textures, and forms created using traditional physical media or found in nature. A theory and process for ABR is presented to address three current needs: (i) designing better visualizations by making it possible for non-programmers to rapidly design and critique many alternative data-to-visual mappings; (ii) expanding the visual vocabulary used in scientific visualizations to depict increasingly complex multivariate data; (iii) bringing a more engaging, natural, and human-relatable handcrafted aesthetic to data visualization. New tools and algorithms to support ABR include front-end applets for constructing artifact-based colormaps, optimizing 3D scanned meshes for use in data visualization, and synthesizing textures from artifacts. These are complemented by an interactive rendering engine with custom algorithms and interfaces that demonstrate multiple new visual styles for depicting point, line, surface, and volume data. A within-the-research-team design study provides early evidence of the shift in visualization design processes that ABR is believed to enable when compared to traditional scientific visualization systems. Qualitative user feedback on applications to climate science and brain imaging support the utility of ABR for scientific discovery and public communication.

ABSTRACT Baglieri and Shapiro (2012) argue that considering attitudes toward disability is an important step toward building a more inclusive society. This study examines attitudes toward disability of staff members of vocational and independent living skills programs for young adults with disabilities in four Jewish summer camps. McDermott and Varenne’s (1995) three approaches for understanding disability were used to examine staff attitudes. Concrete instantiations of all three approaches were found during site visits and interviews at the camps. Implications for the continued development of inclusive educational opportunities in the Jewish community are discussed.

Abstract Background: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) has identified 16% of colorectal cancers (CRC) to have defects in mechanisms that repair spontaneous DNA damage, and consequently have high tumor mutation burden (TMB). Although, there is accumulating evidence for activity of immunotherapy on tumors harboring high-TMB, its impact on response to chemotherapy is unknown. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed progression free survival (PFS) of 74 patients with metastatic CRC (61 colon & 13 rectal cancer) treated at tertiary care oncology clinics and underwent next-generation sequencing (NGS) of their tumor sample using FoundationOne® (Foundation Medicine Inc., Cambridge, MA). Most recent available specimen was analyzed at the time of diagnosis of metastatic disease. TMB was calculated by counting all synonymous and nonsynonymous variants as well as indels across a 1.25 megabase coding region spanning 315 genes. Low TMB (TMB-L) and Intermediate/High TMB (TMB- I/H) were defined as ≤ 5 mutations per base (MB) or ≥ 6/MB respectively. Demographic and clinical information (including imaging results, chemotherapy treatment) were obtained by chart review. Treatment was captured as ‘oxaliplatin-based’ if the chemotherapy regimen contained oxaliplatin (i.e., FOLFOX, XELOX) or ‘irinotecan-based’ if the regimen contained irinotecan (i.e., FOLFIRI). Subsequent modifications of dose or omission of the drug due to toxicity were not captured. Continuous variables were reported as medians and inter-quartile ranges and compared between groups via the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Categorical variables were reported as frequencies and percentages and compared between groups via Fisher’s exact test. Survival estimates were compared between groups via the log-rank test. Results: There was no statistically different PFS in TMB-L (n=39) compared to TMB- I/H (n=26). (10.0 vs. 5.9 months, P = 0.18). In the TMB-L cohort, irinotecan-based chemotherapy (n=25) treated patients had improved PFS compared to oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy (n=10) treated CRC patients (11.9 vs. 6.5 months, P= <0.001). No difference in PFS was observed between the two treatment cohorts in TMB-I/H group. In stage 2 and 3 colon cancer patients, there was no difference in time to recurrence in the TMB-L and TMB-I/H cohorts, when patients were treated with oxaliplatin-based therapy in peri-operative setting (detailed statistics including survival curves will accompany final presentation). Conclusion: TMB status may be a predictive biomarker in a subset of patients treated with chemotherapy, specifically in TMB-L cohort. Confirming these findings in a larger repository of tissue from studies comparing irinotecan vs. oxaliplatin-based regimen is recommended. Citation Format: Sachin G. Pai, Benedito Carneiro, Aparna Kalyan, Ricardo Costa, Irene Helenowski, Alfred Radmeaker, Hiral Shah, Daniel Olson, Young Chae, Francis Giles. Correlation of tumor mutation burden and chemotherapy outcomes in colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2771. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-2771

We report here on a new method for the encapsulation and preservation of the central nervous system (CNS). The encapsulation material is a high performance, silicone dielectric gel adhesive that provides a stable environment without any significant visual distortion. This method is cheaper and simpler than plastination, can be repaired or changed after initial encapsulation, preserves fine detail, and can clearly demonstrate anatomical variations. The final result demonstrated a crystal-clear view of the human central nervous system within a large acrylic capsule. From our experience, the system was found to be superior to both liquid and solid encapsulants. The specimen was completed over 2 years ago and has not shown any significant signs of change. The goal of this project was to create an anatomical model that was useful as an adjunct for teaching in the classroom and laboratory. It is the authors hope that this method can be extended to other anatomical specimens for their preservation and display. Support or Funding Information Support and funding provided by Northern Illinois University, Department of Biological Sciences Encapsulated brain and spinal cord in the Northern Illinois University Human Gross Anatomy Laboratory. Specimen is mounted in a cast acrylic tube filled with silicone dielectric gel (Noelle Industries; #810-47). Encapsulated brain and spinal cord in the Northern Illinois University Human Gross Anatomy Laboratory. Specimen is mounted in a cast acrylic tube filled with silicone dielectric gel (Noelle Industries; #810-47).

e23206 Background: The paradigm in the treatment of cancer is changing such that, treatment based on molecular targets and associated pathways is at the forefront rather than chemotherapy. The identification of different molecular “drivers” utilizing NGS technology has led to better understanding of advanced malignancies. Recently, the prevalence of potentially targetable genomic abnormalities in primary and metastatic breast cancer utilizing NGS method found that 84% of the evaluated cancers harbored at least one genomic alteration linked to potential treatment options. Validation of this NGS testing in 2,221 clinical cases revealed clinically actionable targets in 76% of tumors, corresponding to three times the number of actionable targets detected by other current diagnostic tests. It is for these reasons that the genomic landscape needs to be better characterized Methods: Medical records of all patients referred to the phase 1 clinic at our institution who had NGS performed were reviewed retrospectively from January 2014 to December 2015. Results: 159 cases were identified; 65 males and 94 were females. Mean age was 54.51 Years (Range 25-83 years). Gastrointestinal cancers accounted for 47.2% cases while gynecological, lung and breast cancer accounted for 11%, 10% and 9% respectively. There was an average of 15.31 aberrations per cancer (range: 4- 66). An average of 4.73 aberrations per cancers were found to be clinically relevant, while the rest were variance of unknown significance. FGF, CDK, KRAS, PI3K and FGFR were the most common clinically relevant aberrations and they accounted for 6%, 5.2%, 4.9%, 3.9% and 1.5% of the clinically relevant aberrations respectively. Breast cancer and Colon cancer accounted for 31% and 21% of the PIK3 aberrations. Cholangiocarcinoma, breast cancer accounted for 90% (45% each) of FGFR aberrations. Conclusions: In this single institution study for phase 1 trials, we found a small but significant number of patients amenable to targeted therapy. Multi-gene NGS panel testing can identify targetable aberrations such as PIK3 and FGFR genetic aberrations, justifying their use in clinical care for screening patients for early phase clinical trials

Welcome to Annals of Global Health,Annals of Global Health is a peer-reviewed, fully open access, online journal dedicated to publishing high quality articles dedicated to all aspects of global health. The journal's mission is to advance global health, promote research, and foster the prevention and treatment of disease worldwide. Its goals are to improve the health and well-being of all people, advance health equity, and promote wise stewardship of the earth's environment. The latest journal impact factor is 3.64.Annals of Global Health is supported by the Program for Global Public Health and the Common Good at Boston College. It was founded in 1934 by the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai as the Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine. It is a partner journal of the Consortium of Universities for Global Health. Authors of articles accepted for publication in Annals of Global Health will be asked to pay an Article Publication Charge (APC) to cover publication costs. This charge can normally be sourced from your funder or institution. We are committed to supporting authors from all countries to publish their work in Annals of Global Health regardless of national income level, and to achieve this goal, we waive the Article Publication Charge for manuscripts where all authors are from low-income or lower-middle-income countries (as defined by the World Bank). From time to time, Annals of Global Health publishes Special Collections, a series of articles organized around a common theme in global health. Recent Special Collections have included “Strengthening Women’s Leadership in Global Health”, “Decolonizing Global Health Education”, and “Capacity Building for Global Health Leadership Training”. Global health workers interested in developing a Special Collection are strongly encouraged to contact the Managing Editor in advance to discuss the project.

This is a case of classic type Kaposi sarcoma occurring in an 85-year-old woman who presented with indurated vascular plaques on both legs below the knee that has been present for two years. A brief review of the literature on Kaposi sarcoma is included.

Introduction. Clear cell basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is an uncommon and unusual variant of BCC, which is characterized by a variable component of clear cells. The pathogenesis of this histological variant and its clinical significance has not been clarified. Differentiation of this uncommon variant of BCC from other clear cell tumors is important for the treatment. Case Presentation. A 65-year-old male presented with a 0.9 cm dome-shaped lesion on his upper chest. A shave biopsy revealed a dermal basaloid tumor that comprised nests with a peripheral palisading pattern, retraction artifacts, and striking clear cell changes. Histopathologic examination, along with findings from immunohistochemical studies and special staining of the clear cells, supports the diagnosis of clear cell basal cell carcinoma. Conclusion. Clear cell BCC is a rare and unusual variant of BCC. The underlying pathogenesis of this subtype is unclear; however, accurate identification may affect treatment and prognosis.

The vacuole of the fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been a seminal model for lysosomal trafficking, biogenesis, and function. Our laboratory uncovered 15 deletion mutants associated with these processes utilizing a genome‐wide immunodetection screen of a MAT‐α deletion strain library. This study focuses on confirmation of the l5 mutants for defects at the endosome & vacuole interface (env mutants) and characterization of four uncharacterized env mutants : env6Δ, env7Δ, env8Δ, and env9Δ. Microscopic, biochemical, and bioinformatics techniques were used to characterize the four mutants with respect to vacuole morphology, growth under various conditions, and gene homology. env6Δ has fragmented vacuoles with acidification defects, exhibits severe growth sensitivities, and the deletion is a dubious open reading frame (ORF). env7Δ exhibits normal vacuolar morphology, no severe growth sensitivities, and ENV7 encodes a putative serine/threonine kinase with 29% identity to human STK16 kinase. env8Δ has fragmented vacuoles, no severe growth sensitivities, and the ORF encodes a highly conserved protein with possible involvement in membrane insertion of tail‐anchored proteins. env9Δ has vacuoles with MVBs, and exhibits no severe growth sensitivities. Complementation studies of the four mutants following reintroduction of each ORF are currently in progress. Funding was provided by NSF‐RUI and NIH‐AREA grants.