Irritability is a transdiagnostic construct associated with diverse psychiatric disorders in youth. This study examined the association between food insecurity and irritability in a clinically and community-recruited sample of children aged 8–16 (N = 183). Participants and their parents completed structured interviews and measures assessing irritability, food security, and socioeconomic status (SES). Child-reported food insecurity was significantly associated with greater irritability, whereas parent-reported food insecurity was not. Regression analyses identified child-reported food insecurity as a unique predictor of irritability, independent of SES indicators. These findings underscore the clinical importance of assessing food insecurity from the childs perspective and suggest that subjective experiences of food insecurity may have a stronger emotional impact than previously recognized. Results highlight the need for multi-informant assessments and targeted interventions addressing basic needs within pediatric mental health care.

Objective: Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is regarded as a highly effective treatment for suicide, yet no study to date has examined how DBT can help suicidal individuals with co-occurring internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Our study aimed to investigate DBT outcomes in suicidal youth and young adults with varying levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms and the potential effectiveness of a DBT partial hospital program (PHP) on this population. Method: Data come from 117 adolescents and young adults ( M age = 17.82; 66% cisgender female; 83% White) who participated in a short-term, intensive DBT PHP. Regression-based moderation analyses with simple slopes assessed associations between self-reported suicidality, internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and DBT PHP outcomes: mindfulness, emotion regulation, dysfunctional coping, interpersonal competence, and DBT skills use. Results: Suicidal youth with clinically significant externalizing behaviors had high levels of emotion dysregulation after four weeks of treatment; however, these patients improved across all DBT outcomes, having the greatest gains in interpersonal competence and DBT skills use. All patients demonstrated improvements across DBT target outcomes, regardless of symptom type and severity. Conclusion: Overall, findings support DBT as an effective transdiagnostic intervention. Clinicians should strive to prioritize and allocate particular clinical attention to emotion regulation skills for patients with acute externalizing presentations to foster more effective acquisition and generalization of emotion regulation skills.

Irritability is one of the most common transdiagnostic symptoms. It spans across mood, anxiety, and other disorder classes and is listed as a top problem in outpatient settings. Irritable mood is a symptom for at least 10 disorders in the DSM-5, and it is also developmentally normal across the lifespan. Given this background, we investigated how irritability maps across disorders and ages of children and adolescents. Participants (N = 186) ages 8–16 were enrolled in two ongoing IRB-approved studies investigating the nature of irritability in a transdiagnostic sample of children and adolescents. Participants completed both a child and parent version of the Affective Reactivity Index (ARI-C and ARI-P, respectively) and the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (KSADS) was administered by a trained clinician. Multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) modeling was used to assess for differential item functioning among items in the ARI-P/C compared to diagnoses of major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and attention-deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD). ARI-P showed differential item functioning (DIF) with MDD, GAD, and ADHD and participant age. ARI-C showed DIF with ADHD. However, the DIF effect sizes were small. These results indicate child and parent reports of child irritability manifest similarly regardless of specific diagnosis or age. Further understanding of how irritability presents itself across disorders and the lifespan can allow for improved assessment and treatment.

Circadian rhythms may be translationally relevant to adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity-disorder (ADHD). Laboratory assessment of dim-light-melatonin-onset (DLMO) can be burdensome and prohibitive in youth with more severe ADHD presentations. Conversely, at-home protocols, while beneficial, may be impacted by the heterogeneity of ADHD. Here we examined the success of an at-home DLMO protocol in adolescents with lesser and greater ADHD severity. Sixty adolescents (28M; age: 11.76±1.24 years, age-range: 10-15 years) in R01HD103665 ranging in ADHD presentation completed at least five nights of a fixed sleep schedule (10hr fixed to family-optimal rise time) followed by an evening DLMO assessment. Each was provided a collection kit including instructions, salivettes (Sarstedt AG & Co. KG), a 0.1-gram scale, log, ice pack, and light-blocking glasses. On the evening of assessment, staff described procedures over a video call and youth provided 10 saliva samples over 4.5hrs extending 1-hour past scheduled bedtime. Saliva was collected using salivettes and weighed by participants (targeting 9g; a second sample requested if weight< 8.7g). Staff called participants every 30 minutes to prompt sampling, and to log start and end-times and sample weight. Samples were stored in an insulated bag with an ice-pack and retrieved the next morning. Melatonin was measured by radioimmunoassay. DLMO phase was computed by interpolation (absolute threshold of 4 pg/ml). Indeterminate DLMO phases were resolved via consensus. We examined success of DLMO determination and whether it varied by ADHD symptoms (participants grouped by Conners-3-Parent ADHD Index Probability score as high (ADHDy; ≥50%ile; n=28) or low (ADHDn; < 50%ile n=32)). DLMO determination was successful in 92% of youth (n=55); five participants’ data required adjudication (e.g., interpolation between two threshold crossings). We failed to identify DLMO in 5 participants (8%) for persistent suprathreshold melatonin values (n=3) or measurement error (n=2). ADHD status did not moderate measurement success (χ2=0.69, p=.44, Cramer’s V=0.16). DLMO was identified in 96% of the ADHDy group (n=27) and 87% of the ADHDn group (n=28). This work indicates the success of capturing at-home melatonin onset phase in our young sample on a fixed sleep schedule. ADHD status did not moderate the success of measurement. R01HD103655 (JMS); P20GM139743 (MAC)

Background: Food selectivity and mood problems and disorders are commonly described independently in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, little is known about the relationship between food selectivity and mood problems and disorders in ASD. Methods: To study the relationship between food selectivity and mood problems and disorders, we analyzed data from youth (ages 10–13 years) with a parent-reported diagnosis of ASD from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (ABCD Study), with available data for the Block Kids Food Screener (parental report) and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) (N = 173, male:female participant ratio = 6.5:1). Results: We did not find a statistically significant association between food selectivity and mood problems or disorders. Food selectivity for protein foods (i.e., consumption of a decreased variety of protein foods) was associated with more severe aggressive behavior/irritability (CBCL Aggressive Behavior T-score) (N = 173, ρ = 0.196, p = .010) in youth with ASD, although the relationship was no longer statistically significant after multiple comparison correction (p = .086). Conclusions: While our results are negative overall for an association between food selectivity and mood problems and disorders in children with ASD, our findings should be interpreted with caution in the context of limitations of the presented analysis. Accordingly, future studies and analyses could incorporate objective measures and prospective tracking of food intake and food selectivity, deeper phenotyping of mood problems (including irritability), and detailed information about factors that could affect the relationship between food selectivity and mood in youth with ASD (such as the use of supplements and medications).

In its third year, JAACAP Open is now indexed in PubMed Central (PMC) and the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), accepted into the Web of Science Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI), and will have an impact factor beginning in June 2026. We are proud to support the dissemination of some of the highest-quality research being conducted in our field. Choosing the "best" among already high-quality submissions is always a tall order and most certainly misses the many ways in which articles make an impact: is the "best" the most interesting, the most surprising, the most educational, the most impactful, the most provocative, or the most enjoyable? How do we decide? Our team selected some articles that have the potential for high impact based on their methodological novelty, attunement to the complexity of development in the context of a variety of different sociocultural settings, focus on understudied populations, and ability to inform clinical practice today. With a special issue featuring scholarly work focused on suicide, it should be no surprise that some of our picks came from that issue. It is our pleasure to give a special "hats off" to the 2025 articles that we think deserve your attention, or at least a second read!

Autistic children often consume less varied diets, experience sleep difficulties, and have higher rates of mental health problems as compared to neurotypical peers. Yet, the direct relationship between all of these domains is not well characterized. We leveraged the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM study (ABCD study) dataset to explore whether estimated levels of consumption of specific macro- and micronutrients correlated with the severity of mental health and sleep problems in autistic youth. We found that low vitamin B3, B6, C, and iron intake was associated with more severe psychiatric problems in autistic children in the ABCD cohort, though these findings did not reach statistical significance after correction for multiple comparisons. In a post hoc analysis, we found that the severity of sleep difficulties was correlated with estimated levels of Vitamins B3, B6, C, and iron intake and with the severity of anxiety/depressive symptoms and/or thought problems. Our analysis on a large number of nutrients, psychiatric symptoms, and sleep serves as an exploratory, initial analysis to identify specific nutrients and psychiatric symptoms that could be the focus of future (confirmatory) studies on the relationship between nutrition, sleep, and mental health in autistic individuals.

PurposeRates of adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and suicidality have increased. Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) historically has been found to be effective in targeting suicide risk across the lifespan. Adolescents presenting with parent-reported autism traits were compared to those with low traits on DBT outcomes and suicidality in this study. Moreover, therapeutic alliance was also examined.MethodsEighty-seven adolescents attended a 4-week DBT partial hospital program (PHP); parent-report was administered to assess ASD traits. Adolescents completed self-report questionnaires at admission and discharge on four DBT outcomes. Suicidality characteristics were examined through a structured interview.ResultsWe found that adolescents presenting with autism traits did not significantly differ from adolescents presenting with low or no autism traits on suicide ideation, suicide gestures, and self-harm. They did, however, significantly report fewer suicide plans and attempts. Across the sample, DBT was most effective in improving most of adolescents' outcome skills, and this did not significantly differ based on autism traits. We also found that therapeutic alliance ratings were significantly and positively associated with the improvement outcomes observed across this sample.ConclusionOverall, this research supports DBT use for adolescents presenting with autism traits and emotion dysregulation.

Suicide was the second leading cause of death among 10- to 34-year-olds in the United States in 2023, the most recent year of data available.1 This is just the tip of the iceberg, as annual surveys of high school students show that approximately 20% of high school students seriously considered ending their life by suicide (suicidal ideation), approximately 15% made a suicide plan, and 10% made a suicide attempt; yet most clinicians focus on the 2.5% annually who sought medical attention for a suicide attempt.2 Youth self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITB; includes suicidal thoughts and deliberate self-harm, including suicide attempt), and death by suicide have increased over recent years in the United States, with especially alarming increases among younger children, girls, and sexual/gender, racial, and ethnic minorities.3-5 Van Meter and colleagues' (2023) meta-analysis of studies of youth aged 6 to 21 years found that globally, the prevalence of suicidal ideation (SI) ranged from about 14% to 23% and that suicide attempt prevalence ranged from 5% to 16%.4 System-involved youth (eg, child welfare, juvenile justice) are approximately twice as likely to experience suicidal thoughts and behaviors as other youth, possibly because of their high rates of trauma and child maltreatment exposure, which are key risk factors for SITB.6 , 7.

Whereas stigma and bias often lead people to dismiss the importance of youth mental health, the reality is that mental health care providers are striving to address the most common sources of morbidity and mortality worldwide-specifically suicide. The World Health Organization identifies suicide as the third leading cause of death worldwide for people 15 to 29 years old. In the United States from 2016 to 2023, suicide was the second leading cause of death in children as young as 10 to young adults up to age 34.1 Completed suicide is just the tip of the iceberg-the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) in 2023 of US high school students showed that during the past year, 20.4% experienced serious suicidal ideation, 18% made a suicide plan, 9.5% made a suicide attempt, and 2% sought medical care for suicide attempt.2.

Research indicates that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may be associated with later circadian rhythms, particularly an evening phase preference. It remains unclear whether biological circadian parameters index ADHD symptoms. Here we investigated preliminary associations of ADHD symptoms in early adolescents with circadian phase preference, dim-light-melatonin onset (DLMO) phase, and phase angle to sleep onset. We analyzed data from 50 adolescents in R01HD103655 with complete data on all measures (28F; age: 12.3±1.2yrs, range: 10-15yrs). ADHD symptoms were assessed with the Conners-3 Parent and age/sex-adjusted t-scores revealed a range of inattention (59.29±14.75, range=40-90) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (61.83 ±16.82, range=41-90) symptoms. Participants were off psychostimulants or exogenous melatonin and completed at least five nights of sleep stabilization (10h time-in-bed aligned to family-optimal risetime) prior to at-home DLMO collection. Each wore light-blocking glasses and provided one sample every 30 minutes for 4.5 hours extending 1 hour past bedtime—10 samples in total. DLMO phase was determined by interpolation (4 pg/mL threshold), and phase angle to sleep onset was calculated as the average actigraphy-estimated sleep onset of the 5 nights before DLMO – DLMO phase. We measured child self-reported phase preference (eveningness[low]-morningness[high]; 29.16±5.08; range: 12-38) and puberty status (categories 1-5; mode=3, range=1-4) using measures previously established by our group. More mature pubertal category and older age were associated with greater self-reported eveningness (r(46)=-.38, p<.01; r(47)=-.41, p<.01). No associations were found between puberty category or age and DLMO phase (|r|’s≤.011, p’s ≥.90,) or phase angle (|r|’s≤.02, p’s>.88). Higher inattention t-scores were marginally associated with eveningness (r(45)=-.27, p=.07) but did not index DLMO phase or phase angle (|r|’s≤.01, p’s>.81). There were no associations of circadian variables and hyperactivity/impulsivity (|r|’s≤.06, p’s≥.68). Despite perceptions of later circadian rhythms in ADHD, we found weak evidence linking ADHD symptoms with delayed circadian rhythms. Higher inattention symptoms were associated with a trend towards self-reported eveningness, however, neither inattention nor hyperactivity/impulsivity, was linked to biological DLMO phase or the phase angle of melatonin to sleep onset. These results indicate that altered circadian timing may not be a stable phenotype of ADHD when youth are placed on a stabilized sleep schedule. R01HD103655 (JMS); P20GM139743 (MAC).

Study Objectives:The impact of sleep loss on memory encoding is well described in adults, yet less understood in youth, despite the prevalence and educational relevance of adolescent sleep loss. Here, we implement at-home sleep restriction in youth ages 10-14 and a well-validated hippocampus-dependent learning task to elucidate how real-world levels of sleep loss affect distinct memory encoding processes at this young age. Methods:A within-subject cross-over design involved five nights of at-home sleep restriction (7.5 h in bed) compared to sleep optimization (10 h in bed). Restriction was achieved by delaying bedtime and advancing risetime equally. All sleep was monitored with wrist actigraphy, sleep diaries, and daily calls to the laboratory. Testing involved the validated Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST), which can distinguish between two components of successful memory encoding: general memory recognition for old items and "lure discrimination," a hippocampus-dependent ability to distinguish similar yet distinct items. Results:As estimated by actigraphy, our manipulation reduced sleep by 1.4 ± 0.48 h per night for five nights. This reduction resulted in a selective deficit in MST-indexed memory encoding; we observed a decrease in lure discrimination (i.e. the ability to distinguish highly similar items), but no impact on recognition of old items. Conclusions:We present evidence that low levels of sleep loss for five nights (typical of a school week) are sufficient to alter memory encoding in youth. We interpret these data in the context of classroom-based learning and speculate that reduced lure discrimination may yield memory that is less capable of distinguishing closely related facts and concepts.

Sleep restriction compromises vigilance. While adolescents commonly experience sleep loss, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may expose vulnerability. Reaction time variability (RTV) is a cardinal deficit of ADHD, yet it is relatively understudied as a sleep loss phenotype compared to lapses. As vigilance may further contribute to mental health in ADHD, we investigated how ADHD and mental health symptoms interact with the effect of sleep restriction on vigilance and response time variability in youth. Fifty-five adolescents in R01HD103665 (29F; ages: 12.3±1.2yrs, range: 10-15yrs) completed two crossover conditions: sleep optimization (5 nights of 10h time-in-bed (TIB) anchored to optimal risetimes) and sleep restriction (5 nights at 7.5h TIB; equally delaying bedtime and advancing risetime). After each condition, participants completed a 10-minute psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) yielding lapse (RTs>500ms) and reciprocal reaction time (1/RT [RRT]) variables. We then separated gaussian and exponential components of the RT distribution and estimated RTV via sigma (gaussian variability) together with mu and tau (means of gaussian and exponential components). Conners-3 parent t-scores indexed ADHD symptoms in inattention (58.0±14.0; range: 40-90) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (60.6±16.4; range: 41-90) domains. Mental health symptoms were measured on PROMIS scales for child-reported anxiety (47.8±9.0; range: 35.6-66.2) and anger (45.1±8.9; range: 31.5-61.6) and psychological stress (parent-report 47.8±14.9; range: 4-71.1; child-report: 50.1±8.1; range: 39.5-68.8). Separate linear mixed models examined how sleep condition (restriction vs. optimization) and each symptom interact in explaining PVT performance. Sleep restriction moderated the effect of inattention on RTV (b=0.51, SE=0.24, p=.042). Higher inattention was associated with more variable RTs (sigma) only in sleep restriction. For lapses, we identified a main-effect of condition (b=12.68, SE=4.74, p=.010) and an interaction with psychological stress (b=-0.21, SE=0.095, p=.032); worse psychological stress was associated with fewer lapses after sleep restriction. No other analyses were statistically significant. These data indicate that ADHD and mental health symptoms may differentiate vigilance and response time variability after sleep restriction. The well-established association between ADHD symptoms and response time variability was only observed in sleep restriction; optimizing sleep schedules may mask ADHD sequelae. We will continue to probe the origin and consequence of these inter-individual differences. R01HD103655 (JMS); P20GM139743 (MAC).

OBJECTIVE:Interpersonal dysfunction robustly predicts suicide attempts (SA) and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents. We sought to better elucidate how two interpersonal constructions (interpersonal sensitivity and social problem-solving strategies) may lead to NSSI vs. SA in adolescents. METHOD:We compared non-overlapping groups of adolescents engaged in either SA (n = 49, Mage = 15.80, SD = 1.23, 63% female) or NSSI (n = 50, Mage = 15.35, SD = 1.34, 82% female), and healthy controls (HC; n = 43, Mage = 15.46, SD = 1.30, 61% female). We hypothesized: (1) greater interpersonal sensitivity and deficits in social problem-solving strategies would differentiate the three groups and indicate higher risk for being in the NSSI and SA groups, relative to the HC groups, and (2) amongst clinical groups, there would be greater deficits in social problem-solving in the SA group, and greater interpersonal sensitivity in the NSSI group. RESULTS:NSSI and SA groups demonstrated more interpersonal sensitivity and lower (i.e., worse) social problem-solving skills vs. HCs. Participants were more likely to be in both the SA and NSSI groups based on interpersonal sensitivity (ORSA = 2.61; ORNSSI = 2.75) and social problem-solving (ORSA = 19.11; ORNSSI = 10.89). Significant differences were observed between the NSSI and SA groups on interpersonal sensitivity [t(97) = 4.28, p < .001, d = 0.86; higher levels in the NSSI group], but not on social problem-solving [t(97) = 1.97, p = .052, d = 0.40]. CONCLUSIONS:Both greater interpersonal sensitivity and challenges in social problem-solving predict NSSI and suicidal behavior in adolescents, and interpersonal sensitivity may be a particularly salient risk factor for NSSI. Implications for treatment and future research are discussed.

Adolescents experience insufficient sleep that may impact academic performance. Youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity-disorder (ADHD) may be particularly vulnerable to the effects of sleep loss. By leveraging ecologically relevant tests of math and language arts, we investigated how sleep restriction affects academic performance in children differing in ADHD symptoms. Fifty-seven adolescents from R01HD103665 provided usable data (27M; age: 11.6±1.04yrs, range: 10-15yrs) and were grouped by ADHD symptoms on the Conners-3-Parent ADHD Index Probability score as high (ADHDy; ≥50%ile; n=25) or low (ADHDn; < 50%ile; n=32). All completed online quizzes featuring standardized-test math and language questions (prior grade-level) during two counterbalanced conditions: 5 nights of sleep optimization (10h TIB) and 5 nights of sleep restriction (7.5h TIB, equally delaying bedtime and advancing risetime). Quizzes were given in the afternoon after 1, 3, and 5 nights of each condition graded from 0-8 correct answers. We examined performance on days 1 and 5 and the change from day 1 to 5. All analyses used 2x2 ANOVAs modeling effects of group (ADHDy vs. ADHDn) and condition (restriction vs. optimization). For performance on Days 1 and 5, we found no significant main effects or interactions (all p’s>=.09, ηp²’s=<.07), and a trending main-effect of group at Day 1. With respect to change in performance (Day 5 - Day 1), we found a significant main-effect of condition (F(1,41)=4.30, p=.04, ηp²=.09), such change in performance during the restriction condition (0.68±0.24 points) was higher overall than during the optimization condition (-0.03±0.3 points), and a trending main-effect of group (F(1,41)=3.73, p=.06, ηp²=.08), but no condition-x-group interaction (F(1,41)=0.01; p=.92; ηp²=.00). Post-hoc tests indicated performance in the ADHDy group increased from Day 1 to 5 during sleep restriction (1.10±1.58 points; t(20)=-3.18; p=.01; d=1.58) but not during sleep optimization (.09±2.24 points; t(22)=-0.19; p=.85; d=-.039). ADHDn group performance did not change across either condition (p’s >.23). These analyses examine whether ADHD symptoms moderate the impact of 5-nights of insufficient sleep on academic performance. We identify paradoxical improvements across sleep restriction but only in youth with high ADHD symptoms. We will next examine how compensatory factors such as hypervigilance may explain these results. R01HD103655 (JMS); P20GM139743 (MAC).

Background/Objectives: Residential treatment represents an important level of care for adolescents with severe and/or treatment-refractory obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Despite accumulating evidence supporting the treatment efficacy and cost-effectiveness of insurance-based intensive OCD treatment in residential settings, few data exist that characterize the population of adolescent patients utilizing this level of care. As a result, residential treatment may be poorly understood by patients, their families, and referring providers, which may delay appropriate treatment for adolescents with OCD. Here, we characterize the patient population at an intensive residential treatment center (RTC) and partial hospitalization program (PHP) for adolescents (Mage = 15.23) with a primary diagnosis of OCD. Methods: We examine quantitative data collected from 168 adolescents admitted to the McLean OCD Institute for Children and Adolescents for the treatment of primary OCD or a related disorder over a three-year period. We also conduct analyses on a subset of patients (n = 120) who participated in the Child and Adolescent Routine Evaluation (CARE) Initiative (McLean Child Division-Wide Measurement-Based Care Program) to further characterize this patient population with a lens toward additional comorbidities and factors impacting prognosis. Results: The current paper describes the severity of symptom presentation, comorbidities, psychotropic medication profiles, and disruption to personal and family functioning. Analyses also include the prevalence of OCD subtypes and co-occurrence among varied presentations. Conclusions: In addition to identifying common clinical presentations in an RTC/PHP, this paper further aims to detail best practices and clinical rationale guiding a specialty RTC/PHP to inform families, providers, and payors about the individuals that most benefit from this level of care.

Abstract Introduction Sleep loss can adversely affect brain mechanisms underlying attention and inhibitory control, potentially leading to increased impulsive behavior. We propose that youth with more severe attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-like traits may be particularly vulnerable to sleep loss on impulsivity tasks. We examined this possibility using an fMRI Go/No-Go task in a within-subject at-home sleep restriction experiment in children with high or low ADHD-like traits. Methods Thirty adolescents (13M; 12.14±0.99yrs) were grouped by the Conners-3-Parent ADHD-Probability Index [>=/< 50%tile] as high (ADHDy; n=13) or low (ADHDn; n=17). All children completed two counterbalanced conditions: 5-nights of sleep optimization (SO; 10h TIB set to habitual risetime) and 5-nights of sleep restriction (SR; 7.5h TIB; delaying bedtime and advancing risetime equally). At least 2 nights of stabilization preceded both conditions. Following both SO and SR, participants completed fMRI scanning consisting of two 7-minute runs of an event-related Go/No-Go task. We investigated activation associated with impulsive errors (commissions>hits). Voxel-wise 2x2 linear mixed effects models (3dLME) examined condition [SR vs. SO], group [ADHDy vs. ADHDn], and interaction effects with significance set to p<.005, k=30 voxels. Results Wrist actigraphy indicated that SR was successful in reducing sleep period time by 20% (SR= 7.32±0.48 vs. SO= 9.14±0.46h; [t(29)=21.23, p<.001; d=3.88]) and total sleep time by 17% (SR= 6.72±0.55 vs. SO= 8.13±0.65h; [t(29)=15.08, p<.001; d=.2.75]). At SO, commission errors (vs. hits) were associated with higher activation in the bilateral putamen, bilateral precentral gyri, left inferior frontal gyrus, and the bilateral insula. We identified a significant condition-x-group interaction in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (MNIx,y,z: [29, 35,47, k=65), whereby sleep restriction decreased error signaling for the ADHDn group, but not for the ADHDy group. Conclusion These initial findings indicate that ADHD traits may moderate the impact of sleep loss on impulsive error signaling during the Go/No-Go task. Those in the ADHDy group appear particularly sensitive to commission error processing in the prefrontal cortex. As data collection continues, our analyses will pivot to computational modeling of inter-individual variability in this effect. Support (if any) R01HD103655; P20GM139743