A crucial component of the nation's K-economy envisions the availability of digital content exchange or content infrastructure. The idea of providing and presenting information via electronic means and formats truly fascinates managers of information agencies worldwide. This phenomenon obviously affects the thinking and perception of the managers and administrators of libraries, museums, archives and galleries. Presently, cultural institutions are actively connecting their collections to these emerging knowledge networks. They are creating innovative network services based on the digital surrogates of their current collections in a rich, interactive digital environment. A recent study has been made on the digitisation of cultural heritage resources in cultural institutions in Malaysia, namely the National Library, National Archives, National Museum and the National Art Gallery. The four institutions are currently very active in building their digital content and exploring initiatives to deliver the information, however the extent of sustainability of those resources in unknown. The aim of this paper is investigates the digital preservation strategies that are adopted by Malaysian cultural institutions. A multiple case studies approach is used to examine the potential risks to digital cultural resources in four (4) selected Malaysian cultural institutions. Data is collected through structured interviews with information professionals who are involved in digitisation works in the selected cultural institutions. Findings reveal that digital cultural heritage resources in Malaysia is at risk in terms of digitisation policies, selection criteria, cost, staffing, technology, storage, metadata management and copyright. This study is very significant to professionals who are involved in archiving the digital cultural heritage as it can be a guide for managing risks in preserving valuable digital resources. The result of this study can be a practical tool for managing risks not only for digital cultural heritage but also to all documents in digital format. It also provides an insight to other researchers to seriously investigate other risks of digital cultural resources besides the risks that have been identified in this study.

The aim of this paper is to identify potential risks of digital cultural resources in Malaysia. Apart from that, it proposed watermarking as a way to authenticate digital items for future work. A multiple case studies approach is used to examine the potential risks of digital cultural resources in four (4) selected Malaysian cultural institutions. Data is collected through a structured interview with information professionals who are involved in digitisation works in the selected cultural institutions. Findings reveal that digital cultural heritage resources in Malaysia is at risk in terms of digitisation policies, selection criteria, cost, staffing, technology, storage, metadata management and copyright. This study is very significant to professionals who are involved in archiving the digital cultural heritage as it can be a guide for managing risks in preserving the valuable digital resources. The result of this study can be a practical tool of managing risks not only for digital cultural heritage but also to all documents in digital format. The study gives insight to other researchers to seriously investigate other risks of digital cultural resources besides the risks that have been identified in this study.

A novel formula is proposed, tested and proven to measure the efficiency of steganography techniques which are proposed for high payload applications.

Software does change and evolve during maintenance or creation another version of software. Adding up new requirements or features onto existing software will cause introduction of new elements inside software artefacts (e.g. class diagrams, source codes, use cases and etc). SCM based approaches are indeed needed to maintain ever grow artefacts along with maintaining artefacts relationships. Therefore SCM based approach has becoming a way to resolve the maintenance issues. This preliminary study has been carried out to look into possibility of how several SCM based approaches are been used in maintaining software artefacts specifically during maintenance phase.

the aim of this paper is to present the role of Artificial Intelligence techniques (Scheduling Techniques) to enhance reflective e-portfolios quality. Some AI techniques such as expert system; scheduling; Data Mining can support us to enhance our reflective e-portfolios quality. These tools together will define new intelligent Reflective e-portfolio that provides intelligent and customized learning method for each student based on their backgrounds and their realities. This paper analyzes the role of AI- Scheduling Techniques to enhance learning smartness. The final vision of intelligent reflective e-portfolio is to act as an expert to consult students and support them to make Right decisions for their learning complexities.

The aim of this research is to discuss about the items which will affect to design e-portfolios based on construction Project manager's requirements. Based on authors' experiences and survey, some important items that would support e-portfolios to be more effective and efficient has been specified. The result of this paper is a proposed method that can be used for designing new portfolios for project managers, especially in the field of construction industry. The questionnaire distributed among 38 project managers who were using e-portfolio in construction industry and their attitude for existing e-portfolio and also variable that affect usage of e-portfolio by project managers were asked. Based on the findings the most important factors that need to be considered to design an e-portfolio for construction project managers are: Motivating construction project managers by their organizations to use the e-portfolio, the ability of customizing e-portfolio by construction project managers, designing more effective e-portfolios that are more responsive to project managers' enquiries, more user-friendly e-portfolios, considering project managers' attitudes and preferences for designing e-portfolios, and finally updating e-portfolios based on workplace needs.