The author’s introduction to this abridged English translation of the first volume of Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy’s 1956 Soziologie begins with this statement: “The fundamental principle of this book i...

Rosenstock-Huessy argued that language originates - always and everywhere - from the need to respond to a world that addresses us and calls us by name. Thus in his view, unlike much contemporary theory which concerns itself with an autonomous system, language is understood as a human activity, a social phenomena or power brought into existence by preexisting social forces and involving the varied capabilities of the human mind and body. In this paper, Rosenstock-Huessy's philosophy of language is briefly presented and questioned from the perspective of Integrational Linguistics, a recent approach to language and semiology that stresses social relations and time in the making of meaning.

This article responds to Jonathan Tuttle's article "The Aphasia of Modern Subject Access" in which Roman Jakobson's semiology of "shared codes" consisting of preexisting signs is offered as the explanation for two redundant linguistic tools associated with cataloging: LCSH and LCC. The article criticizes Tuttle's terminology, his semiology, and his argument that selection and combination are both necessary for the operation of language but each are associated with only one of these tools.

Until recently, when the Mongols have appeared in the world’s literature, they have usually appeared in the persons of chinggis Khaan or Khubilai, or as ‘Mongolian hordes’. Some recent writings are unlike earlier works of the twentieth century, regardless of the political orientation and situation of the writers. In this paper I examine three works published between 1992 and 2003 that exemplify radically different instances of that difference: Mongolski bedeker by Serbian novelist Svetislav Basara; Paměť mojí babičce by czech author Petra Hůlová; and Mongólia by the Brazilian writer Bernardo carvalho. With the certainties and stereotypes of the past discarded in these novels, contemporary Mongolia provides the setting for the authors’ encounters with the strangeness of the world at the turn of the millennium.

Do not let the title fool you: this column is neither about Resource Description and Access (RDA) nor about next generation catalogs. It is about research projects at the Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) and elsewhere in France in which researchers have been studying the adoption and appropriation of new information technologies from anthropological, sociological and semiological perspectives for the past two decades. The relevance of that research to the current situation of cataloging in libraries is the topic of this column. In the research projects that I discuss in this column, I have found many matters of longstanding interest to me studied in great depth, and current ideas and attitudes toward information technologies questioned and challenged. Most importantly, everywhere the engagement has been with the actual use of technologies rather than an emphasis on what users could do or what the systems will someday be able to do for us. I will begin where I began: with Victor Scardigli. In 2005 I stumbled upon Victor Scardigli’s book Les sens de la technique as part of my continuing research on understanding success and failure in the use of technical systems.2 I liked the book, enough so that I looked around and found a later book of his: Une anthropologue chez les automates. That book was the result of a succession of research projects at CNRS: “Socioanthropologie des technologies nouvelles,” “Pilote, contrôleur et automate,” and “Intégration de la dimension socioculturelle dans la conception et la

Standard linguistic theory assumes that meanings are attached to linguistic artefacts by some semantic component during their production yet prior to their material realization, and it is those meanings that are decoded by the recipient/interpreter of the realized signs according to the same mental machinery/semantic component inside their brain. Rather than theorizing a single sign that is encoded, materialized, transmitted and then decoded, integrationism assumes that signs are created not only by speakers/writers but also by hearers/readers. This paper looks at linguistic artefacts that are not created to mean anything but to do something. The successful accomplishment of those actions depends entirely upon the recipient recreating them as meaningful linguistic signs, no matter what the meaning assigned to them. Examples of such linguistic artifacts to be examined are simulated language as a product of “user-friendly” software, whether programmed as potential aids for human use of technical systems (e.g. Google’s “Did you mean…? and machine translation) or as deceptions (spam and texts inserted into emails to “fool” anti-spam programs), and utterances whose meanings have no relation to what the standard theory regards as lexical meaning nor to interpretative rules (e.g. glossalalia). Of particular interest are the hypothetical language of examples in linguistic theory (Bill is a farmer but John is not; Colorless green ideas sleep furiously) in which nothing is meant other than “this text represents a certain structure,” and the reproduction of texts that would be meaningful in one context but whose sole meaning is reduced to technical manipulation. In all of these cases a linguistic sign is produced (or its production programmed) by someone intent on accomplishing a certain end not through the recipient’s comprehension of a sign and its lexical or discourse meaning but by the human recipient’s creation of a linguistic sign on the one hand, or software unable to distinguish meaningful signs from meaningless textual strings on the other.

Book; however in the past time becomes a sacral thing to have by everybody. Many books from thin to the very thick pages are presented. But now, for the technology has developed advanced, we will serve you the book not in the printed ways. after epistemology is one of the products of those books. This book model can be downloaded from the site link that we provide in this website. We offer you not only the best books from this country, but many from outsides.

The movement of trains in the United States is coordinated by the use of a small number of standard codes of operating rules and variations upon them as well as various systems of signs, including railroad signs directed at railroad employees and highway signs directed at pedestrians and motorists. These signs, their intended meanings and the responses appropriate to them have been established by railroads and railroad associations, as well as federal, state and local agencies and laws. Nearly 200 years of accidents involving railroads has revealed that the interpretation of both train operating rules and signs associated with the railroad does not always follow the prescribed meanings. Understanding the reasons for these interpretations at variance with the prescribed meanings has been the object of extensive research over the past two decades and what has been learned has considerable importance for understanding all manner of signs, including linguistic signs. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Philosophers on all sides of the contemporary Contextualism debates have given primacy to the role context plays in utterance comprehension. They view language as a socio-cultural practice; their theoretical perspectives are largely focused on speaker's intentions and contextually modified senses of language elements appropriate to the situation at hand. Following Marx and Engels' (1845) philosophical contributions on language, Voloshinov (1929: 9–24, 83–98) argues that language can only exist if socially organised individuals engage and communicate through the use of 'signs'. The object of study should be the language of 'actual life', in other words utterances that carry meaning in existent social contexts, as well as interactions between interlocutors which alter and shift in real socio-historical conditions. The central tenet of this paper is to examine and advocate the use-value of language key to both contemporary philosophical thought on language and that of Marx. The latter however has had little or no impact on the former. Using Voloshinov's (1929) framework, which gives primacy to the historical and social character of language, we argue for a (re)introduction of a Marxist Philosophy of Language into current philosophical debates as its contribution is essential in assessing the impact of language use on social consciousness.

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1. For a complete list of Prof. Boydens’ publications see her Web page: http://www.ulb.ac.be/cours/iboydens/ 2. Isabelle Boydens, Informatique, normes et temps (Bruxelles: Bruylant, 1999), 100. 3. Ibid., 57. 4. Ibid., 58. 5. Yair Wand and Richard Y. Wang, “Anchoring Data Quality Dimensions in Ontological Foundations,” Communications of the ACM 39, no. 11 (November 1996): 86–95. 6. Boydens, Informatique, normes et temps, 62. 7. Ibid., 63. 8. Ibid., 64. 9. Ibid., 65. 10. Ibid., 65–66. 11. Madnick, quoted in Boydens, ibid., 68. 12. Ibid., 68. 13. Ibid., 117. 14. Ibid. 15. Ibid., 118. 16. Ibid., 144. 17. Ibid., 152. 18. Collingwood, from The Philosophy of History (London: Published for the Historical Association by G. Bell and Sons, 1930), quoted by Boydens, ibid., 161. 19. Boydens, ibid., 161. 20. Ibid., 163. 21. Ibid., 164. 22. Isabelle Boydens and Seth van Hooland, “Hermeneutics Applied to the Quality of Empirical Databases,” Journal of Documentation 67, no. 2 (2011): 287. 23. Ibid. 24. Isabelle Boydens, “Informatique et qualité de l’information. Application de la critique historique à l’étude des informations issues de bases de données,” Belgisch Tijdschrift voor Nieuwste Geschiedenis. Revue belge d’histoire contemporaine, vol. 3–4 (1993): 399–439; Isabelle Boydens, “La critique historique face aux sources informatiques,” in Actes de la Journée de l’histoire contemporaine 1996—session “Internet pour les historiens”—Vereniging voor Geschiedenis en Informatica (VGI). Université Catholique de Louvain-La-Neuve, 27 April 1996: 15–17. 25. Isabelle Boydens, “Les systèmes de méta-information, instruments d’interprétation critique des sources informatiques,” History and Computing 1, no. 8 (January 1996): 11–23; Isabelle Boydens, “Les systèmes de méta-information,” Techno, publication technique de la SmalS-MvM, no. 1 (April 1997); Isabelle Boydens, “E-gouvernement en Belgique: Un retour riche d’expériences,” L’informatique Professionnelle, no. 217 (October 2003): 29–35. 26. Isabelle Boydens, “Analyser le processus de transformation de l’information: du “stemma codicum” au “data tracking,”” in Information et documentation : du réel au virtuel, ed. J. Roelants-Abraham (Bruxelles: Infodoc-ULB, 1998): 57–70; Isabelle Boydens, “Evaluer et améliorer la qualité des bases de données,” Techno, publication technique de la SmalS-MvM, no. 7 (January 1998); Isabelle Boydens, “Managing Time in Historical and Contemporaneous Databases,” in International Congress on Historical Information Systems, November 6th-8th 1997 (Vitoria-Gasteiz: Juntas Generales de Alava, 1998): 159–172. 27. Isabelle Boydens, “Déploiement coopératif d’un dictionnaire électronique de données administratives,” Document numérique 5, no. 3/4 (2001): 27–43. 28. Isabelle Boydens, “Les bases de données sont-elles solubles dans le temps?” La Recherche hors série (“Ordre et désordre”). Hors série no. 9 (November-December 2002): 32–34. 29. Isabelle Boydens, E. Bruillard, P.-A. Caron, G. Gallezot, and D. K. Schneider, “Entretien,” Revue distance et saviors 7, no. 3 (Numéro spécial: Informations scientifiques et pratiques numériques acadéques, ed. I. Timini, E. DelaMotte, and D. Peraya. Paris: Editions Hermès Sciences-Lavoisier): 479–500. 30. Isabelle Boydens, “Du “Web sémantique” au “Web pragmatique,”” Research Note—SmalS-MvM, no. 5 (April 2004), 19 p. (slides). 31. Isabelle Boydens, “Strategic Issues Relating to Data Quality for E-government: Learning from an Approach Adopted in Belgium,” in Practical Studies in E-Government : Best Practices from Around the World, ed. S. Assar, I. Boughazala, and I. Boydens (New York: Springer, 2011): 113–130; quotation from p. 128. 32. Ibid., 121. 33. Isabelle Boydens and Seth van Hooland, “Hermeneutics Applied to the Quality of Empirical Databases,” Journal of Documentation 67, no. 2 (2011): 279–289. 34. Seth van Hooland, Eva Méndez Rodriguez, and Isabelle Boydens, “Between Commodification and Sense-making. On the Double-sided Effect of User-generated Metadata within the Cultural Heritage Sector,” in “Involving Users in the Co-Construction of Digital Knowledge in Libraries, Archives, and Museums,” ed. Paul F. Marty and Michelle M. Kazmer, special issue of Library Trends (forthcoming). 35. Isabelle Boydens, “Hiérarchie et anarchie: dépasser l’opposition entre organisation centralisée et distribuée?” Les Cahiers du Numérique (Numéro thématique “Organisation des connaissances et Web 2.0,” ed. Widad Mustafa El Hadi and Michelle Hudon,) 6, no. 3 (2010): 77–101. 36. Seth van Hooland, “Metadata Quality in the Cultural Heritage Sector: Stakes, Problems and Solutions” (Ph.D. diss., Université Libre de Bruxelles, 2009). http://homepages.ulb.ac.be/~svhoolan/these.pdf 37. Seth van Hooland and Hein Vanhee, “Van steekkaart tot webinterface. De evolutie van metadatabeheer in de culturele erfgoedsector,” in B. de Nil and J. Walterus, Erfgoed 2.0. (Brussel: FARO, 2009): 87–106. http://ia700200.us.archive.org/20/items/VanSteekkaartTotWebinterface.DeEvolutieVanMetadatabeheerBinnenDe/Erfgoed2.0_vanhooland_vanhee_87_106.pdf 38. Seth van Hooland, “Spectator Becomes Annotator: Possibilities Offered by User-Generated Metadata for Image Databases.” Paper presented at Immaculate Catalogues: Taxonomy, Metadata and Resource Discovery in the 21st Century, September 13–15, 2006, University of East Anglia, UK. http://homepages.ulb.ac.be/~svhoolan/Usergeneratedmetadata.pdf; Seth van Hooland, “Entre formalisation et déconstruction: état de l’art critique de l’application documentaire des ontologies et folksonomies dans le domaine de l’indexation du patrimoine culturel numérique,” in Organisation des connaissances et société des savoirs: Concepts, usages, acteurs. Actes du colloque ISKO 2007, Université Paul Sabatier IUT, Toulouse, 7 and 8 June 2007 (Toulouse, 2007): 33–47; Seth van Hooland, Yves Bontemps, and Seth Kaufman, “Answering the Call for More Accountability: Applying Data Profiling to Museum Metadata,” in Proceedings of the International Conference on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications, 22–26 September 2008, Berlin (Berlin: Dublin Core Metadata Initiative, 2008): 93–103.

In this article I contrast the view of communication in Shannon and Weaver (1949) with Michel Meyer's rhetorical approach to communication. Meyer's critique of philosophy is founded on the recognition that every statement is an answer to a question arising from a particular problem. If something can be questioned, it can be debated, and how we debate any issue is a matter of rhetorical practices, all of which involve ethos, logos, and pathos. These concepts, familiar from Aristotelian rhetoric, have their counterparts in information science: sender, message, receiver. Unlike the ethos, logos, and pathos of rhetoric, the concepts of information science are rooted in a technical understanding of sender markedly different from the ethical ethos of classical antiquity, an ontologically based propositional understanding of message, and an abstract understanding of receiver as human or machine with a straightforward, statable, interpretable, and answerable question. Meyer's rhetorical approach to communication illuminates many aspects of information production and use, from spamming and computer viruses to user supplied metadata and reuse of metadata in different contexts. Of particular interest are the ethical implications of a rhetorical approach to Shannon and Weaver's " information source," and the creation of metadata for (1) human users of IT and (2) machine interoperability (e. g., the Semantic Web).