This chapter contains sections titled: Ultrasound basics Carotid and vertebral-artery duplex scanning Peripheral artery duplex scanning Visceral arteries Venous disease Chronic venous insufficiency Selected miscellaneous examinations References

Of the wide variety of noninvasive carotid examinations available, Duplex scanning offers the best combination of accuracy and detection of all clinically important lesions. Extensive technician training is required and the initial cost of the instrument is high, but the versatility of the method and a low cost per patient makes Duplex scanning cost effective. When high initial capital investments are not possible the use of pressure OPG or simple continuous-wave Doppler devices are satisfactory alternatives to screen for high grade lesions.