Late Cretaceous mammals from North America are predominantly known from isolated teeth and fragmentary jaws and from localities representing coastal lowlands along the Western Interior Seaway. Here, we report craniodental and associated postcranial remains of a new species of the cimolodontid multituberculate genus Cimolodon from the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) El Gallo Formation of Baja California, M & eacute;xico. The specimen was deposited along the Pacific Coast between 75.17 +/- 0.30 Ma and 74.55 +/- 0.18 Ma. It represents the most complete mammal known from the Mesozoic of M & eacute;xico and one of the best known cimolodontan multituberculates from North America. Morphologically, the new species, Cimolodon desosai, is most like C. nitidus, but differences include upper anterior premolar shape, molar cusp formulae, and relative length proportions of the cheek teeth. Phylogenetic analysis supports placement of the new species within Cimolodon and Ptilodontoidea, but uncertainties remain regarding relationships among cimolodontan families. Using the craniodental and postcranial data, we quantitatively reconstruct C. desosai as a small-bodied (similar to 100 g), animal-dominated omnivore with a scansorial locomotor mode. With the new taxonomic occurrence, the El Gallo mammalian local fauna is now known from 16 specimens referred to three multituberculate species (Mesodma cf. M. formosa, ?Stygimys sp., and Cimolodon desosai), one metatherian (Pediomys sp.), and one eutherian (Gallolestes pachymandibularis). Although further sampling is needed, the mammalian local fauna presently shows greatest biogeographic affinities with the Terlingua local fauna of western Texas. Los mam & iacute;feros del Cretacico Tard & iacute;o de Am & eacute;rica del Norte se conocen principalmente a partir de dientes aislados y mand & iacute;bulas fragmentarias, y de localidades que representan tierras costeras a lo largo del Mar Interior Occidental. Aqu & iacute;, registramos restos craneodentales y postcraneales asociados de una nueva especie del multituberculado cimolod & oacute;ntido de la Formaci & oacute;n El Gallo del Cretac & iacute;co Superior (Campaniano) de Baja California, M & eacute;xico. El esp & eacute;cimen se encuentra en sedimentos de la costa del Pac & iacute;fico de una edad entre 75.17 +/- 0.30 Ma y 74.55 +/- 0.18 Ma. Representa el mam & iacute;fero m & aacute;s completo conocido del Mesozoico de M & eacute;xico y uno de los multituberculados cimolod & oacute;ntidos mejor conocidos de Am & eacute;rica del Norte. Morfol & oacute;gicamente, la nueva especie, Cimolodon desosai, es similar a C. nitidus, pero las diferencias incluyen la forma del premolar anterior superior, el n & uacute;mero de c & uacute;spides de los molares y las proporciones relativas de la longitud de los molares. El an & aacute;lisis filogen & eacute;tico respalda la ubicaci & oacute;n de la nueva especie dentro de Cimolodon y Ptilodontoidea, pero persisten incertidumbres sobre las relaciones entre las familias de cimolodontos. Basados en los elementos craneodentales y postcraneales, se propone que C. desosai era un omn & iacute;voro, con cuerpo peque & ntilde;o (similar to 100 g), y un modo de locomoci & oacute;n escansorial. Con este nuevo registro, la fauna local de mam & iacute;feros de El Gallo incluye, a la fecha, 16 espec & iacute;menes referidos a tres especies de multituberculados (Mesodma cf. M. formosa, ?Stygimys sp., y Cimolodon desosai), un metaterio (Pediomys sp.), y un euterio (Gallolestes pachymandibularis). Si bien se requiere un muestreo adicional, la fauna local de mam & iacute;feros actualmente muestra mayores afinidades biogeogr & aacute;ficas con la fauna local de Terlingua del oeste de Texas.

Previous articleNext article No AccessHistory, Philosophy, and Ethics of BiologyFor Want of Wings: A Bird with Teeth and a Dinosaur in the Family. By Jill Hunting. Norman (Oklahoma): University of Oklahoma Press. $21.95 (paper). vii + 244 p.; ill.; no index. ISBN: 978-0-8061-7661-1. 2022.David E. FastovskyDavid E. FastovskyGeosciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmailPrint SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Quarterly Review of Biology Volume 98, Number 2June 2023 Published in association with Stony Brook University Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/725278 Views: 5Total views on this site For permission to reuse, please contact [email protected]PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Previous articleNext article No AccessPaleontologyTravels with Trilobites: Adventures in the Paleozoic. By Andy Secher; Foreword by Niles Eldredge, Mark Norell, and Kirk Johnson. New York: Columbia University Press. $39.95. xxxviii + 376 p.; ill.; index. ISBN: 9780231200967 (hc); 9780231553865 (eb). 2022.David E. FastovskyDavid E. FastovskyGeosciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmailPrint SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Quarterly Review of Biology Volume 98, Number 1March 2023 Published in association with Stony Brook University Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/723904 Views: 17Total views on this site For permission to reuse, please contact [email protected].PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Previous articleNext article No AccessPaleontologyFossilization: Understanding the Material Nature of Ancient Plants and Animals. Edited by Carole T. Gee, Victoria E. McCoy, and P. Martin Sander. Baltimore (Maryland): Johns Hopkins University Press. $120.00. xi + 274 p. + 16 pl.; ill.; index. ISBN: 9781421440217 (hc); 9781421440224 (eb). 2021.David E. FastovskyDavid E. FastovskyGeosciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Quarterly Review of Biology Volume 97, Number 2June 2022 Published in association with Stony Brook University Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/720116 Views: 10Total views on this site For permission to reuse, please contact [email protected]PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Fossil eggshells were recovered from the El Gallo Formation, Baja California, northwest Mexico, is one of the few North American Campanian continental outcrops outside the Western Interior Basin. Based on microstructure, the eggshells are referred to ornithopod (ootaxon Spheroolithus), theropods (ootaxa Prismatoolithus, two Tubercuoolithidae eggshells, Continuoolithus, Tristraguloolithus, Disperituberoolithus, Pseudogeckoolithus, Laevisoolithidae? eggshells and Enantiornithine indet.), and one crocodylomorph (cf. Neokrokolithes). While some of these ootaxa were associated with the modest, but diverse osteological record preserved there; others reveal the presence of small theropods, including as the first evidence of enantiornithine birds in the formation. Because the stable isotopic compositions of the eggshells differ from those of pedogenic carbonate nodules, we infer minimal diagenetic influence. We thus propose that the C3 plants had delta C-13 compositions between -27 parts per thousand and -29 parts per thousand and that warm evaporative conditions led to enriched delta O-18 in ingested water compared to meteoric water at least during the short period of dinosaur eggshell formation. (C) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Five thematic sections each include theoretical and practical approaches to second and foreign language education: Theoretical underpinnings Current approaches International perspectives Teacher preparation and professional development The role of technology Language Socialization: Encyclopedia of Language and Education Volume 8This volume, Research Methods in Language, offers an overview of the wide range of methodological approaches to language and education across the axes of micro and macro-linguistic and social levels of analysis, as well as the multiple connections between them. This book is useful to all readers with a concern for education, and particularly for practicing and training school administration and others concerned with curriculum and instruction planning. The answer is, of course, one step at a time. 703 24 Advanced Presentation Formatting. These "pseudorandom" numbers must pass statistical tests just as random samples would. 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Consists of petrographic data, calculations of sedimentological parameters (bedform height; water depth; slope), and paleocurrent data.

Previous articleNext article No AccessPaleontologyAssembling the Dinosaur: Fossil Hunters, Tycoons, and the Making of a Spectacle. By Lukas Rieppel. Cambridge (Massachusetts): Harvard University Press. $29.95. ix + 325 p.; ill.; index. ISBN: 9780674737587. 2019.David E. FastovskyDavid E. FastovskyGeosciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island Search for more articles by this author Geosciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode IslandPDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Quarterly Review of Biology Volume 95, Number 1March 2020 Published in association with Stony Brook University Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/707935 Views: 25Total views on this site For permission to reuse, please contact [email protected]PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

The coincidence of a diverse vertebrate assemblage with a high-precision geochronology and lithostratigraphy in Petrified Forest National Park (Arizona, USA) allows Bayesian quantification of the dynamics of a Late Triassic vertebrate extinction and replacement, the Adamanian/Revueltian (A/R) faunal turnover. This approach uniquely identifies probabilities for the tempo of the replacement of the Adamanian assemblage by that of the Revueltian, precisely tracking the turnover. While the method does not designate the moment of extinction, there is a negligible probability that all Adamanian extinctions, as well as all Revueltian originations, are synchronous. A protracted A/R turnover is incompatible with the geologically instantaneous Manicouagan impact (215.4 +/- 0.20 Ma; Quebec, Canada) as a dominant causal mechanism. This analytical framework constitutes a flexible means of reconstructing biotic turnover in a variety of deep time contexts.

The Late Campanian (Late Cretaceous), upper part of the El Disecado Member, El Gallo Formation, Baja California, Mexico, preserves a rich fossil assemblage of microvertebrates and macrovertebrates, silicified logs, macroscopic plant remains, and pollen that was likely deposited as the distal part of a subaerial fan. The unit was episodic and high energy, with its salient features deriving from active river channels and sheet, debris-flow deposits. Landscape stability is indicated by the presence of compound paleosol horizons, containing Fe2O3 mottling in B horizons, cutans, and calcium carbonate concretions. All of these features indicate wet/dry cyclicity in subsurface horizons, likely attributable to such cyclicity in the climate. Drainage was largely to the north and to a lesser extent, the west; however, some current flow to the south and east is preserved which, in conjunction with the proximal location of marginal marine deposits, suggest the influence of tides in this setting. The fossil vertebrates preserved in this part of the El Disecado Member are almost exclusively allochthonous, preserved as disarticulated isolated clasts in hydraulic equivalence in the braided fluvial system. A relatively diverse microvertebrate assemblage is preserved, the largest components of which are first, dinosaurs, and second, turtles. Non-tetra pod fossils are relatively uncommon, perhaps reflecting an absence of permanent standing water in this depositional setting. Here we report a high-precision U-Pb date of 74.706 + 0.028 Ma (2 sigma internal uncertainty), obtained from zircons in an airfall tuff. The tuff is located low within the sequence studied; therefore, most of the sedimentology and fossils reported here are slightly younger. This date, which improves upon previously published Ar-40/Ar-3(9) geochronology, ultimately allows for comparison of these El Gallo faunas and environments with coeval ones globally. Primary stable isotopic nodules associated with roots in the paleosols of the terrestrial portion of the El Disecado Member are compared with ratios from similar sources from coeval northern and east(ern localities in North America. Distinctive latitudinal gradients are observed in both )delta C-13 and delta O-18, reflecting the unique southern and western, coastal geographic position of this locality. These differences are best explained by differences in the floras that populated the northern and eastern localities, relative to the southern and western floras reported here.

Previous articleNext article No AccessPaleontologyNoah’s Ravens: Interpreting the Makers of Tridactyl Dinosaur Footprints. Life of the Past. By James O. Farlow; with contributions by Dan Coroian and Philip J. Currie. Bloomington (Indiana): Indiana University Press. $85.00. ix + 644 p.; ill.; index. ISBN: 978-0-253-02725-2 (hc); 978-0-253-03716-9 (eb). 2018.David E. FastovskyDavid E. FastovskyGeosciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island Search for more articles by this author Geosciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode IslandPDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Quarterly Review of Biology Volume 94, Number 2June 2019 Published in association with Stony Brook University Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/703617 Views: 20Total views on this site For permission to reuse, please contact [email protected]PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

IN ENGLISHPremise of the Study Cretaceous Cornales provide a crucial record of the early history of asterids. Most lineages of the order are well represented in the fossil record, but South African families of Curtisiaceae and Grubbiaceae remain poorly understood. Seventy-three specimens of a fossil infructescence belonging to the genus Operculifructus Estrada-Ruiz & Cevallos-Ferriz emend. Hayes & Smith from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) El Gallo Formation, Baja California, Mexico bear previously undescribed characters that suggest a relationship to Grubbiaceae. Methods Microstructures of the fossils were examined through light microscopy and x-ray microcomputed tomography (microCT) scanning. Modern Grubbia tomentosa (Thunb.) Harms fruits were scanned for comparison to the fossil material. Phylogenetic analyses using the 77 fruit characters of Atkinson () were performed to test relationships of the fossil to major lineages of the order. Several analyses applied topological constraints to the extant taxa, based on various genetically supported hypotheses of relationship within Cornales. Key Results Novel structures of Operculifructus newly observed here include (1) anatropous ovules, (2) drupaceous fruits, (3) an epigynous disc, (4) and a stylar canal in the center of the disc aligned with the micropylar protrusion of the seed. Phylogenetic analysis consistently resolves Operculifructus as sister to Grubbiaceae. Conclusions Operculifructus provides direct evidence for the occurrence of Grubbiaceae in the Late Cretaceous, much older than previous Eocene evidence. The phylogeny of Atkinson () indicates that the new phylogenetic position recovered for Operculifructus also establishes the presence of the most basal drupaceous cornalean fruits in North America by the Campanian. RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL Hipótesis de la Investigación Cornales cretácicos representan un registro esencial en la historia de los astéridos. Casi todos los linajes del orden están bien representados en el registro fósil, pero las familias africanas sureñas Curtisiaceae y Grubbiaceae permanecen pobremente entendidas. Setenta y tres ejemplares de una infrutescencia fósil perteneciente al género Operculifructus Estrada-Ruiz & Cevallos-Ferriz emend. Hayes & Smith de la formación campaniana (Cretácico Tardío) El Gallo, Baja California, México, poseen caracteres no descritos previamente y sugieren una relación con Grubbiaceae. Metodología Microestructuras de los fósiles fueron examinadas con microscopio de luz y microtomografía computarizada (micro-CT) de rayos X. Frutos actuales de Grubbia tomentosa (Thunb.) Harms fueron escaneados para su comparación con el material fósil. Se realizaron análisis filogenéticos usando los 77 caracteres de frutos de Atkinson () para probar las relaciones de los fósiles con los linajes principales del orden. En algunos análisis se aplicaron restricciones topológicas a los taxa actuales basándose en varias hipótesis, soportadas genéticamente, de las relaciones dentro de Cornales. Resultados Centrales (Cruciales) Las estructuras novedosas de Operculifructus, recientemente observadas aquí, incluyen (1) óvulos anátropos; (2) frutos drupáceos; (3) disco epígino; y (4) un canal estilar en el centro del disco alineado con la protuberancia micropilar de la semilla. Los análisis filogenéticos consistentemente dan como resultado que Operculifructus es hermano de Grubbiaceae. Conclusiones Operculifructus proporciona evidencia directa de la presencia de Grubbiaceae en el Cretácico Tardío, mucho antes que la previa evidencia en el Eoceno. La filogenia de Atkinson () indica que la nueva posición filogenética recuperada para Operculifructus también resalta la presencia de frutos drupáceos cornaleanos más basales en Norteamérica durante el Campaniano.