A viewfinder is a compact unit that, when positioned appropriately in front of the eye, allows a photographer or videographer to asses an image or video sequence for some combination of, or before, during, and after, capture. We review and compare different classes of viewfinder and their applications.

Global issues are diffuse and rest on the decisions and behaviour of millions, if not billions, of people. Governments must respond by changing the way they practise diplomacy, offer development assistance and deploy force. This means making the new public diplomacy a core foreign policy tool. For any issue, there will typically be three goals. The first is to build shared awareness, a common understanding of an issue around which networks of state and non-state actors can coalesce. With that in place, a shared platform can be built to campaign for change. The end point is a shared operating system: a framework for a collective response to a joint problem. These goals can be pursued through distinct public diplomacy strategies that sit on a continuum that runs from consensual and open at the one end to covert and controlling at the other. Together, these strategies form the kernel of a theory of influence for twenty-first-century diplomacy.

Purpose To examine the reasons for unplanned overnight hospital admission in paediatric patients undergoing strabismus repair, to identify preventable causes (particularly postoperative nausea and vomiting), and to compare the rate of unplanned overnight stay with a group undergoing inguinal hernia repair.Method A retrospective review of consecutive patients under age 17 having strabismus surgery over a 5-year period between January 1995 and December 1999 was undertaken at Christchurch Hospital, New Zealand. A control group, from a similar period, of children having elective inguinal hernia repair was used to compare the rate of overnight stay.Results 375 patients had strabismus surgery, of which 51 stayed overnight; 19 of these were from remote locations and stayed for geographic reasons only, 9 stayed overnight preoperatively only, thus leaving an unplanned overnight stay rate of 6.4%. This compared to a rate of 1.1% in those having hernia surgery. The reasons for overnight stay were postoperative nausea and vomiting (50%), anaesthetic complications (18%), late afternoon surgery (14%), social factors (14%), and pain (5%). Significant associations were found between postoperative nausea and vomiting and the extent and duration of surgery. Possible associations not reaching significance included a higher rate of postoperative nausea and vomiting in those receiving nitrous oxide, and those with evidence of stimulation of the oculo-cardiac reflex.Conclusions The provision of suitable accommodation and careful planning of the type and timing of surgery would be expected to reduce the overnight stay rate after strabismus surgery.

SUMMARYA 75‐year‐old Caucasian man presented with foreign‐body‐type irritation of the left eye. Physical examination revealed a 12 × 10‐mm nodule in his left upper eyelid, which reportedly had been present unchanged for more than 40 years. No other ophthalmological abnormalities were present. Incisional biopsy of the lesion revealed a malignant tumour that was thought to possibly represent a sebaceous carcinoma. However, a subsequent wide surgical excision showed that the tumour was an eccrine porocarcinoma, a rare sweat gland adenocarcinoma arising from the acrosyringium.

The use of an image guided surgical (IGS) technique to assist in the placement of iliosacral lag screws has been demonstrated in a pig cadaver. A marker carrier plate was first attached to the pig's sacrum, and used to register a commercial IGS system. K-wires were inserted percutaneously through the ilium and into the sacrum using only the workstation. Postoperative CT confirmed wires were an average of 2.5 mm and 9.1 degrees from the intended position.