Aquaculture plays an important role in providing protein and fatty acids to meet human nutritional requirements. The finite supply of marine ingredients has led to increased use of vegetable oils in aquafeed. While these oils can meet energy and growth needs, they lack nutritionally required ω3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 LCPUFAs). Development of land-based alternative oil sources to safeguard global aquaculture production, while meeting the nutritional needs of both fish and human consumers, is critical. This review summarizes studies using a new land-based ω3 LCPUFA canola oil in fish feed to support both energy and ω3 LCPUFA requirements of Atlantic salmon during each phase of the life cycle, while producing fish with adequate ω3 LCPUFA content to meet human nutritional needs. In all cases, growth and performance were comparable to fish fed conventional fish-oil-based diets; no adverse effects were attributed to the use of ω3 canola oil. Fatty acid deposition in muscle (fillet) reflected feed composition, resulting in accumulation of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and a low ω6:ω3 ratio, making salmon fed ω3 LCPUFA canola oil a sustainable source of these nutrients for human consumption. Additionally, reduced melanin deposits were observed in fish fed ω3 LCPUFA canola oil.

Background LI85008F is a proprietary combination of leaf extracts ofMoringa oleifera,Murraya koeingii, and extract ofCurcuma longarhizome. This herbal extract combination is an effective weight loss supplement for overweight and obese subjects. The present study aimed to investigate the thermogenic potential of the LI85008F in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obeseSprague Dawleyrats. Methods Seven rats received a regular diet (RD), and twenty-one rats received a high-fat diet (HFD) for 56 days. On day 28, the HFD-fed rats were randomized into three groups (n = 7). Starting from day 29 through day 56, one HFD-fed group received daily oral gavage of 0.5% Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium (CMC) alone (HFD), and the remaining two groups received 100 and 250 mg/kg LI85008F (LI85008F-100 and LI85008F-250, respectively). Body weight, fat mass, fat cell size, liver weight, liver triglyceride were measured. The energy metabolism parameters were measured using indirect calorimetry. In serum, the metabolic and endocrine markers were analyzed. The adipogenic and thermoregulatory proteins expression in the white adipose tissue (WAT) were analyzed using an immunoblot assay. Results Supplementation with both doses of LI85008F significantly increased resting energy expenditure (REE) in the obese rats. The LI85008F-250 rats showed significant up-regulation of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) expression, as compared with the HFD rats. LI85008F significantly reduced body weight gain, fat mass, fat cell size, liver weight, and hepatic triglycerides. Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, glucose, leptin, and fat cell markers were significantly reduced in LI85008F-supplemented rats compared to the HFD rats. Conclusion The present data suggest that LI85008F reduces body fat mass and controls body weight gain via increasing energy metabolism in combination with reduced lipogenesis in diet-fed obese rats.

The efficacy of wheat extract oil (WEO), standardized to glucosylceramides, for protecting against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced damage of skin barrier function was assessed using the SHK-1 hairless mouse model and two human skin cell lines, namely, CCD-986sk and HeCaT. The ability of repeated oral administration of 30, 60, and 120 mg of WEO/kg/day for 12 weeks to prevent skin damage of SKH-1 hairless mice induced by UVB irradiation was evaluated. The results demonstrated that UVB-induced water evaporation (transepidermal water loss, TEWL) was significantly decreased by WEO. Similarly, UVB-induced losses in moisture and skin elasticity were improved by WEO supplementation. WEO attenuated the tissue procollagen type I, hyaluronic acid (HA), and ceramide reductions induced by UVB treatment as well. Collagen concentrations in skin tissue were increased in the WEO-treated mice, while UVB-induced epidermal thickening was reduced. In vitro studies using HeCaT human keratinocytes confirmed increased HA and collagen synthesis in response to WEO treatment. This may occur via WEO suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), since its induction by UVB treatment was diminished in treated CCD-986sk cells. Oral administration of WEO improves skin barrier function in UVB-irradiated mice by attenuating damage typically observed in photoaging. This research further clarifies the clinical benefits previously observed by dietary WEO consumption.

Abstract LI12542F6, a botanical extract composed of Sphaeranthus indicus and Mangifera indica, was evaluated for mutagenicity in bacteria, clastogenicity in mouse bone marrow, acute oral and dermal toxicity in the rat, irritation (dermal, eye) in rabbit, and subacute and subchronic toxicity (28 and 90 days) in the rat. All studies followed standard OECD test protocols, in accordance with the principles of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP). LI12542F6 did not induce mutations in the bacterial assay using Salmonella and Escherichia coli strains, nor did it induce genotoxic effects in erythrocytes from mouse bone marrow. LI12542F6 was found to have oral and dermal LD50 values greater than the limit dose of 2,000 mg/kg body weight in the rat. In an eye irritation/corrosion test, LI12542F6 caused conjunctival redness, corneal opacity, and chemosis and is classified as Category 2A (“irritating to eyes – reversible eye effect”). Doses in the 28‐day and 90‐day rat oral toxicity studies were 0, 500, 1,000, and 1,500 and 0, 1,000, 1,500, and 2,000 mg/kg body weight/day, respectively, administered by gavage. Both studies featured a recovery period. Minor effects were random and not treatment related except for local irritation of the forestomach in the 28‐day study, evidenced by histopathologic examination, in mid‐ and high‐dose animals. The frequency and severity of these effects were reduced in the recovery group; irritation was not found in the forestomach of rats in the 90‐day study. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was greater than the highest dose tested, that is, >2,000 mg/kg in the 90‐day study. This botanical composition will be marketed commercially for muscle health as Myotor™.

LI73014F2 is a novel composition prepared from extracts of Terminalia chebula fruit, Curcuma longa rhizome, and Boswellia serrata gum resin with synergistic benefit in 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibition. This herbal composition with strong anti-5-LOX activity exhibited significant pain relief as indicated through improvements in weight-bearing capacity in a monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis (OA) model of Sprague-Dawley rats. A 90-day randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind study evaluates the clinical efficacy and tolerability of LI73014F2 in the management of symptoms of OA of the knee (Clinical Trial Registration No. CTRI/2014/01/004338). Subjects, (n = 105), were randomized into three groups: placebo (n = 35), 200 mg/day of LI73014F2 (n = 35), and 400 mg/day of LI73014F2 (n = 35). All study participants were evaluated for pain and physical function by using standard tools, that is, Visual Analog Scale, Lequesne's Functional Index, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) at the baseline (day 0) and on day 14 ± 3, 30 ± 3, 60 ± 3, and at the end of the study (day 90 ± 3). In addition, routine examinations on biochemical parameters in serum, urine, and hematological parameters were conducted on each visit to assess the safety of the study material. At the end of the trial period, LI73014F2 conferred significant pain relief, improved physical function, and quality of life in OA patients. In conclusion, preclinical and clinical data together strongly suggest that the herbal formulation LI73014F2 is a safe and effective intervention for management of joint discomfort, demonstrating efficacy as early as 14 days.

Aim: To re-evaluate the weight loss efficacy of LI85008F in healthy overweight adults via a 16-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. Materials and Methods: One hundred and forty overweight participants (body mass index [BMI] 27-29.9 kg/m(2), 29.3% male; ages 21-50 years) were randomized into placebo (n = 70) and LI85008F (n = 70) groups. The participants received either 900 mg/d of LI85008F in two divided doses or two identical placebo capsules. In addition, participants were counselled to follow an similar to 1800 kcal/d diet and to engage in walking for 30 min, 5 d/wk throughout the study. Results: At the end of the trial period, the LI85008F supplemented group showed significant reductions in body weight (5.36 +/- 1.769 vs. 0.87 +/- 1.381 kg; P < 0.0001) and BMI (2.05 +/- 0.693 vs. 0.34 +/- 0.559 kg/m(2); P < 0.0001), compared with placebo. Significant reductions in waist and hip circumferences, and a 2.08-fold reduction of waist/hip ratio, were noted in the LI85008F supplemented group. LI85008F supplementation also resulted in significant improvements in lipid profiles, compared with the placebo; low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol decreased, while high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol increased, resulting in a significantly improved LDL/HDL ratio. No major adverse events were reported by the participants during the study. Conclusions: The unique herbal extract blend LI85008F, combined with modest calorie restriction and physical activity, is well tolerated, safe, and effective for weight management in overweight men and women.