Traditional electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emitters exhibit poor stability when co-reactants are introduced into the electrolyte, thus affecting the accuracy of the test. The self-luminous electrochemiluminescent emitters can effectively immobilize the co-reactant on their surfaces while minimizing the electron transfer distance, ultimately leading to significantly enhanced luminescence efficiency. Herein, a novel self-luminous anodic emitter, i.e., tris(4,4 '-diethylaminobipyridine)ruthenium(II) chloride (RuDEDA), was synthesized via a condensation reaction between Ru(dcbpy)32 + and N,N-diethylethylenediamine (DEDA), which is a ruthenium(II) tris (bipyridine) derivative. Graphdiyne (GDY) was used as the substrate for the electroless deposition of Pd nano-particles (Pd@GDY). The alkyne bonds in GDY can modulate the electronic properties of the supported metal atoms, increase the rate of conversion of RuDEDA into RuDEDA center dot, and further improve the ECL efficiency. Next, an electrochemical sensor for the ultrasensitive detection of kanamycin was fabricated using Pd@GDY as the substrate material. The self-luminous ECL emitter in the sensing system integrates the entire analytical process, thereby effectively reducing the occurrence of false positives/negatives and simplifying the sensing procedure. The results revealed that ECL efficiency gradually increased with the amount of immobilized co-reactant. Under appropriate experimental conditions, the detection range of this sensor is 0.1 pmol L-1-1 mu mol L-1, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.008 pmol L-1. This sensor has a low LOD and a wide linear range, providing a new approach for environmental monitoring and safeguarding public health.

Bastnäsite (REECO3[F, OH]) is a critical mineral in carbonatitic rare earth element (REE) deposits and serves as a primary global source of REEs. Understanding its crystal chemistry and thermodynamic properties is essential for modeling REE mobilization and deposition in various geological processes. Despite the complexity in natural bastnäsite—arising from cationic substitutions among REE species and coupled F-OH substitution—the impacts of F-OH substitution on its crystal structure and thermodynamic properties remain poorly constrained. In this study, we systematically investigate a synthetic bastnäsite-hydroxylbastnäsite (Bsn-Ce – Hbsn-Ce; CeCO3F-CeCO3OH) solid solution series using single-crystal X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Notably, this is the first study to reveal: (1) the positions of hydrogen atoms in bastnäsite and hydroxylbastnäsite, as well as the order-disorder transition of hydrogen initiated by F-OH substitution in hydroxylbastnäsite, which explains the discrepancies in Raman spectroscopy between synthetic end-members and natural hydroxylbastnäsite; (2) the phase boundary between bastnäsite and hydroxylbastnäsite, with crystal structural data indicating a phase boundary at F = 0.41–0.52 apfu; and (3) the effect of F-OH substitution on the volume of the Bsn-Ce – Hbsn-Ce solid solution. This study is also the first attempt to establish a quantitative framework for describing the volume-composition behavior of incomplete solid solutions involving F-OH substitution. Furthermore, this study provides a foundational understanding of the crystal chemistry necessary for further investigations into the thermodynamic properties of Bsn-Ce – Hbsn-Ce solid solutions.

(Mg,Fe)SiO3 is one of the fundamental components of the solid Earth.It primarily occurs as pyroxene minerals(orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene)in the crust and upper mantle.To investigate the phase transition behaviors of(Mg,Fe)SiO3(pyroxenes)under conditions of high temperature and high pressure is of great significance for understanding the material compositions and physicochemical states of the Earth's interior,and the evolution of the deeply subducted slabs.This paper mainly reviews advances in the studies on the high-pressure phase transitions of orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene(Mg,Fe)SiO3 under relatively low-temperature conditions(<1000 K,corresponding to the environment of a cold subducting slab).It focuses on the characteristics of crystal structures and high-pressure transition mechanisms of these two kinds of pyroxenes(categorized as Type-Ⅰ phase transition characterized by the change of geometric forms of the SiO4 tetrahedral chains and Type-Ⅱ phase transition characterized by the increase of cation coordination numbers).Based on this,we conducted a detailed analysis of the complex effects of element substitutions(such as Fe,Al,Ca,Ni,etc.)and trace water on the phase transition pathways and phase transition pressures,and then also systematically reviewed various kinds of possible polymorphs of(Mg,Fe)SiO3 that may exist in the Earth's interior and their stability fields.Finally,we pointed out that more efforts should be made to conduct experimental measurements and geophysical explorations of the elastic properties of metastable(Mg,Fe)SiO3 phases,and to carry out researches on the phase transition kinetics of these metastable(Mg,Fe)SiO3 phases,in order to reveal the time scale and spatial distribution of them existing in the deep Earth.

A series of NaRE(CO3)2 compounds (RE = Ce-Lu, Y, Sc) was synthesized under high-pressure and high-temperature and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Combining these data with previously reported results for NaLa(CO3)2 reveals three distinct structure types dictated by the RE3+ species: an orthorhombic phase (Pmc21) for larger REs (La-Nd), a monoclinic phase (P21/c) for smaller ones (Tb-Lu, Y), and a trigonal dolomite-type (CaMg(CO3)2, R3) uniquely for Sc. Intermediate rare earths (Sm-Gd) failed to crystallize into NaRE(CO3)2 under our conditions. Structural evolution arises from lanthanide contraction and the rigidity of CO3 2- units. As the RE3+ radius decreases, RE-O bonds contract, while C-O bonds remain inflexible, causing incomplete bond adjustment and accumulating strain. This strain elevates lattice energy until a phase transition alleviates it, enabling reduced coordination numbers. In the monoclinic phase, positional disorder of Na+ serves as an additional strain-relief mechanism, accommodating a less symmetric coordination environment. The findings elucidate how lanthanide contraction and carbonate rigidity dictate phase transitions and cation disorder, offering critical insights into coordination flexibility in rare-earth chemistry. Moreover, the dolomite-type NaSc(CO3)2 broadens the structural family of rare-earth carbonates and exemplifies heterovalent substitution (Na+ + Sc3+ for Ca2+ + Mg2+).

In this work, iso-luminol (ABEI) was crosslinked with 2-amino-terylene acid by glutaraldehyde, and then coordinated with copper ions to obtain the double ligand Cu MOF (Cu-ABEI), which has stable and excellent ECL signal. In order to improve the detection sensitivity, the introduction of CeO2-Pd NPs as a co-reaction promoter significantly promoted the generation of hydroxyl radical (OH') and superoxide anion radical (O2'- ), effectively avoided the requirement of high concentration of co-reactant (H2O2) in traditional ECL system, and realized double amplification of ECL signal. Based on the above strategies, a competitive ECL immunosensor was constructed for the sensitive detection of environmental pollutant dibutyl phthalate (DBP) from the concentration range of 1 pg center dot mL- 1 to 1 mu g center dot mL- 1, with a detection limit as low as 0.26 pg center dot mL- 1. In addition, the method proposed in this work broadens the design and application of Cu MOF and the detection means of DBP, which has important practical value and provides ideas for the detection of other pollutants.

Carbonatite-hosted rare earth element (REE) deposits provide the world's primary source of REEs. Understanding the relative stability of REE minerals within carbonatite systems is vital for deciphering the genesis of carbonatite-related REE deposits. Yet, experimental data of REE minerals at high pressure and high temperature conditions remain scarce. This study reports a series of crystallization experiments involving REE phases in the La-Na-(Ca)-Cl-(F)-C-H-O systems, conducted between 490 and 750 degrees C and at pressures of 0.3-0.5 GPa. In the F-free systems, Na-REE carbonate (carbocernaite) coexists with hydroxylbastn & auml;site and remains stable across the temperature range tested. The addition of Ca leads to their coexistence with calcite and induces a partial substitution 2Ca <-> Na + La in carbocernaite. Increasing REE concentration promotes the formation of a completely new compound, a Cl-bearing REE carbonate (La-3(CO3)(4)Cl). In contrast, in the F-bearing systems, bastn & auml;site is the dominant REE phase, with elevated temperatures favoring the crystallization of REE fluoride (fluocerite, LaF3). The addition of Ca results in bastn & auml;site coexisting with calcite and fluorite. Notably, Na-REE carbonates do not form in F-bearing runs, even at low F concentrations (similar to 0.9 wt%). These findings suggest two main implications: first, the formation of LaF3 at higher temperatures relative to bastn & auml;site supports field evidence that fluocerite crystallizes at higher temperatures and serves as a precursor to bastn & auml;site. Second, the absence of Na-REE carbonates in F-bearing experiments may explain why some deposits have no evidence of former existence of Na-REE carbonates.

Efficient and highly sensitive detection of environmental estrogens at trace levels is critically important for accurate risk assessment and the mitigation of their potential carcinogenic effects. In this study, a dual-ligand europium-based metal-organic framework (Eu-MOF) was designed and synthesized as the luminophore for an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor, utilizing 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (BTC) and 2-aminoterephthalic acid (BDC-NH2) as ligands and Eu3+ as the central metal ion. The introduction of dual ligands not only enhanced the antenna effect and improved the energy transfer efficiency, but also allowed the functional group (-NH2) on the auxiliary ligand to modulate the local coordination environment, thereby amplifying the ECL signal of the Eu3+ centers. Through the incorporation of the ECL resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET) mechanism, a competitive ECL immunosensor for estriol (E3) detection was successfully developed, employing Eu-BTC-BDC-NH2 as the energy donor and MIL-88A(Fe)@Au NPs as the energy acceptor. The immunosensor enabled ultrasensitive quantification of E3 across a broad concentration range of 10 fg mL-1 to 500 ng mL-1, with the lowest detectable concentration reaching 3.44 fg mL-1. This work offers a promising approach for designing lanthanide metal MOFs in ECL sensing, enabling ultrasensitive and selective detection of environmental estrogens.

A series of NaRE(CO3)2 compounds (RE = Ce-Lu, Y, Sc) was synthesized under high-pressure and high-temperature and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Combining these data with previously reported results for NaLa(CO3)2 reveals three distinct structure types dictated by the RE3+ species: an orthorhombic phase (Pmc21) for larger REs (La-Nd), a monoclinic phase (P21/c) for smaller ones (Tb-Lu, Y), and a trigonal dolomite-type (CaMg(CO3)2, R3̅) uniquely for Sc. Intermediate rare earths (Sm-Gd) failed to crystallize into NaRE(CO3)2 under our conditions. Structural evolution arises from lanthanide contraction and the rigidity of CO32- units. As the RE3+ radius decreases, RE-O bonds contract, while C-O bonds remain inflexible, causing incomplete bond adjustment and accumulating strain. This strain elevates lattice energy until a phase transition alleviates it, enabling reduced coordination numbers. In the monoclinic phase, positional disorder of Na+ serves as an additional strain-relief mechanism, accommodating a less symmetric coordination environment. The findings elucidate how lanthanide contraction and carbonate rigidity dictate phase transitions and cation disorder, offering critical insights into coordination flexibility in rare-earth chemistry. Moreover, the dolomite-type NaSc(CO3)2 broadens the structural family of rare-earth carbonates and exemplifies heterovalent substitution (Na+ + Sc3+ for Ca2+ + Mg2+).

The high-temperature volumetric and axial thermal expansion behaviors of ilmenite (FeTiO3) and geikielite (MgTiO3) were examined up to 773 K using in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction. No phase transitions were observed within the experimental temperature range. The temperature–volume data were fitted using the Berman (1988)’s equation, yielding V0 = 316.50(3) Å3 and αV0 = 3.73(4) × 10–5 K−1 for FeTiO3, and V0 = 308.20(1) Å3 and αV0 = 2.95(9) × 10–5 K−1 for MgTiO3. In addition, axial thermal expansion analysis showed that FeTiO3 has a0 = 5.0865(1) Å, αa0 = 1.41(1) × 10–5 K−1, c0 = 14.0858(4) Å, and αc0 = 0.92(2) × 10–5 K−1, while MgTiO3 has a0 = 5.0585(1) Å, αa0 = 0.85(3) × 10–5 K−1, c0 = 13.9084(4) Å, and αc0 = 1.23(3) × 10–5 K−1. The results demonstrate that FeTiO3 exhibits more stable volumetric expansion with increasing temperature than MgTiO3. However, FeTiO3 and MgTiO3 display opposite trends in axial expansion: the a-axis expands more than the c-axis in FeTiO3 (αa0/αc0 = 1.53), whereas in MgTiO3, the c-axis expands more (αa0/αc0 = 0.69). These differences mainly reflect the distinct nature of the A-site cations: the 3d electrons of Fe2+ affect the rigidity and thermal response of Fe–O and Ti–O bonds, while Fe-related magnetic exchange interactions and associated magnetoelastic coupling may further constrain Fe–O bond expansion and reduce the thermal expansion of FeTiO3.

Olivine, a predominant mineral in the Earth’s upper mantle, plays a crucial role in geophysical and geochemical processes due to its abundance and elastic characteristics. This study investigates the elastic properties and structural variations of synthetic forsterite-fayalite solid solutions under high-pressure conditions through synchrotron single-crystal X-ray diffraction. A series of samples with varying fayalite contents were synthesized and characterized to evaluate the impact of Fe incorporation on unit-cell parameters, bulk modulus, and compression behavior. The results demonstrate that increasing fayalite content elongates the b-axis, increases polyhedral distortions, and enhances the bulk modulus, while maintaining the structural rigidity of [SiO₄] tetrahedra. By refining the fit parameters of the Birch-Murnaghan equation of state, this study establishes a composition-property relationship for elastic behavior. These results provide key constraints for modeling mantle dynamics and planetary evolution.

The stability and thermal equation of state (EoS) of synthetic staurolite were investigated under high pressure and temperature (P-T) conditions up to similar to 23 GPa and 850 K. no phase transition was observed within the experimental P-T range. The thermal EoS parameters, including the bulk modulus, pressure and temperature derivatives, and thermal expansion coefficient, were determined by fitting the pressure-volume-temperature data to high-temperature third-order Birch-Murnaghan EoS. Integrating the results of this study with those of previous studies led to an updated P-T phase diagram for staurolite. This diagram suggests that staurolite may have potential metastability extending to the depth of the Earth's mantle. The density and bulk sound velocity profiles along the Tonga slab geotherm indicate that staurolite could serve as an effective water carrier to sub-arc mantle depths. Notably, staurolite exhibits higher bulk sound velocities than most hydrous minerals do, implying that its presence in medium- to high-pressure metamorphic rocks may increase seismic velocities in corresponding lithologies.

Rhodonite (MnSiO3) is a pyroxenoid with a single-chain silicate structure related to pyroxenes. In this study, we investigated the structural evolution of synthetic rhodonite up to 35.0(1) GPa using in situ synchrotron single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The results indicate that rhodonite retains its triclinic structure (P1) throughout the pressure range; however, it undergoes an isosymmetric second-order phase transition at 10.9(1) GPa, driven primarily by an increase in Mn coordination number. Contrary to earlier findings on amorphization, rhodonite retains its crystallinity up to 35.0(1) GPa. Moreover, this study also reviews the high-pressure phase transitions in orthopyroxenes, clinopyroxenes, and pyroxenoids, with a particular focus on mechanisms and characteristics of the structural phase transitions. Through comparative analysis, we have identified both commonalities and differences among these chain silicates. Specifically, we have further highlighted the crucial roles played by the rotations of tetrahedra, increases in coordination numbers, and the interplay between these factors in governing their phase transitions. These findings not only enhance our understanding of pyroxenoid structural evolution at high pressure but also provide valuable insights into chain silicate stability in the deep Earth.

In this work, Gd MOF was designed with Gd (III) as the central metal ion and 5-aminoisophthalic acid (5-AIPA) as the organic ligand, and its electrochemiluminescence (ECL) performance was investigated. At the same time, considering the reversible conversion of Cu2+/Cu+, Cu doping of Gd MOF can effectively reduces the charge transfer resistance and accelerates the electron transfer process, the ECL intensity of Gd MOF is significantly enhanced. In addition, by further calcination of Cu MOF epitaxial growth In MOF to obtain CuO@In2O3 composite material with internal hollow structure as co-reaction promoter. A Cu:Gd MOF/S2O82-/CuO@In2O3 ternary system was constructed and the ECL intensity was further enhanced. By monitoring the change of ECL strength, the target analyte CA19-9 can be quantitatively detected, that is, CA19-9 can be quantitatively analyzed through the enhancement of ECL intensity, and the constructed sandwich-type ECL immunosensor achieves sensitive and accurate detection of CA19-9.

This paper designs a dual-electrode self-powered photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor array based on CdS/CdSySe1-y modified indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode as the photoanode to enhance the cathode signal and Ni-Co3O4 modified ITO electrode arrays as the photocathode. Meanwhile, Au@Cu3SnS4 as the antibody marker, achieving addressable high-throughput competitive immunoassays of dibutyl phthalate (DBP). This dual-electrode mode exhibits good anti-interference capability. The self-calibration strategy used during the experiment further enhanced the accuracy of the results. Under optimal experimental conditions, the constructed self-powered PEC sensor array demonstrated a satisfactory linear relationship in the DBP concentration range of 5 x 10(-5) similar to 5 ng mL(-1), with a detection limit of 10.1 fg mL(-1) (S/N = 3). The experimental findings suggested that this PEC sensor array exhibits remarkable stability, selectivity and reproducibility, offering an innovative approach for identifying environmental contaminants.

In situ high-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy analyses were performed on a natural bismutotantalite with an α-BiTaO4 structure. The results indicate that α-BiTaO4 transforms into an orthorhombic phase (HP γ-BiTaO4), likely through an intermediate orthorhombic phase (HP β-BiTaO4). The transition pressures are 11.0-11.8 GPa for α-BiTaO4 → HP β-BiTaO4 and 13.9-14.4 GPa for HP β-BiTaO4 → HP γ-BiTaO4 transition. The phase transitions are reversible. Although the structure of HP β-BiTaO4 was not successfully solved, the possible space group was determined to be Fmm2, with unit-cell parameters calculated at 12.2 GPa: a = 4.8158(18) Å, b = 33.8880(80) Å, c = 5.2910(5) Å. In contrast, the structure of HP γ-BiTaO4 was successfully solved and refined at 28.0 GPa, revealing a Pnma space group and unit-cell parameters of a = 9.8999(12) Å, b = 5.0435(16) Å, c = 10.8331(8) Å. The significant volume collapse of 6.2% through the phase transition and the increase in coordination numbers of Bi and Ta from 6 in α-BiTaO4 to 8/9 in HP γ-BiTaO4 indicate that the HP γ-BiTaO4 structure is considerably more compacted. Additionally, the equation of state for both α-BiTaO4 and HP γ-BiTaO4 was also studied.

Zearalenone (ZEN) is a harmful mycotoxin with estrogen-like activity that can cause reproductive and immune system disorders. In this study, a sandwich-structured photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor was developed for the ultrasensitive detection of ZEN. The sensor utilizes a Z-scheme NiTiO3/CdIn2S4 heterojunction as the photoactive layer, which significantly enhances light absorption, charge separation efficiency, and photostability. NiFe2O4 nanoparticles modified with ZEN-specific aptamers serve as recognition probes, with ZEN molecules acting as a bridge to connect the probes to the PEC substrate. Unbound NiFe2O4 probes can be rapidly, simply, and efficiently removed using an external magnetic field, while the ZEN-bound probes remain anchored to the electrode surface, resulting in concentration-dependent quenching of the photocurrent. This magnetic-assisted separation strategy simplifies the experimental procedure and greatly reduces false positives and negatives caused by non-standard washing operations. The optimized sensor exhibits a linear detection range from 100 fg/mL to 1 μg/mL, with a low detection limit of 2.6 fg/mL, demonstrating excellent selectivity, stability, and reproducibility. Overall, this platform offers a reliable, simple, and highly sensitive method for the detection of trace levels of ZEN in complex food and environmental samples.

The large distance between luminophore and co-reactant accelerator leads to the increased contact time between luminophore and co-reactant radicals generated during the catalytic process. This disadvantage can affect electrochemiluminescence (ECL) efficiency of the constructed sensor. To solve this problem, a luminophorecatalyst integration strategy was proposed. Specifically, Cu2+ was introduced in ZrEu-MOF, in which Cu2+ with catalysis for K2S2O8 endowed the composite ZrEuCu-MOF with self-catalysis function. Thus, ZrEuCu-MOF had the self-enhanced ECL characteristic. To enhance the sensitivity of the ECL sensor, the ECL resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET) strategy achieved a quenching effect. The luminophore ZrEuCu-MOF can occur efficient RET process to quencher YRF-Au, which resulted in obvious signal responses. Based on these strategies, the constructed ECL biosensor had a wide detection range of 1 fg/mL to 100 ng/mL and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 8.34 fg/mL, revealing a good sensitivity. The constructed ECL biosensor with these strategies opened a new horizon for efficient and highly sensitive SARS-COV-2 N detection.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection represents a major global health concern due to its strong association with cervical cancer and other malignancies, underscoring the critical need for highly sensitive detection methods. In this study, an advanced photoelectrochemical biosensing platform was developed for ultrasensitive HPV detection. An In2S3-sensitized SnO2 heterostructure substrate that dramatically enhances photogenerated charge separation efficiency, generating extremely significant photocurrent enhancement. Furthermore, a CuFe2O4@T-COF nanosphere serving as a multifunctional signal quencher through synergistic steric hindrance, competitive oxygen consumption and light absorption effects. Notably, an exonuclease III-powered DNA walker system enabling cyclic signal amplification through programmable target recycling. The biosensor demonstrates exceptional analytical performance, achieving a broad dynamic range of 10-6 to 10 mu mol/L with an ultralow detection limit of 1.37 x 10-7 mu mol/L. This breakthrough sensing platform not only provides a powerful tool for early HPV diagnosis but also opens new possibilities for developing next-generation biosensors with clinical-level sensitivity and specificity.

BACKGROUND:Estriol (E3) is a common estrogen responsible for regulating the female reproductive system, but excessive amount can pose health risks to humans and wild life. Therefore, sensitive and accurate detection of estriol level is crucial. A novel competitive ECL immunosensor based on a dual signal amplification strategy of AuNPs@GO@SmMoSe2 and Gd2(MoO4)3 was fabricated for ultrasensitive detection of estriol. Graphene oxide (GO) increased the electric conductivity and surface area of SmMoSe2 and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) improved the electrochemical active sites of GO@SmMoSe2. In order to further amplify the ECL signals, Gd2(MoO4)3 with excellent electron transfer capability were used for binding E3-antigen (Ag). Then, Gd2(MoO4)3-Ag/BSA competed with Standard E3 for limited number of antibodies to construct a competitive ECL immunosensor. RESULTS:Under optimized condition, the proposed competitive ECL immunosensor was used to detect various concentrations of Standard E3 samples. In addition, the proposed ECL immunosensor showed the high sensitivity for E3 detection in range between 0.001 and 500 ng/mL with the detection limit of 0.0073 ng/mL (S/N = 3). The wider linear range and lower detection limits of the proposed ECL immunosensor might be attributed to outstanding ECL properties of AuNPs@GO@SmMoSe2 and Gd2(MoO4)3 nanosheets. Furthermore, the proposed competitive ECL immunosensor was also compared with various detection methods. Based on above, the fabricated ECL immunosensor was employed for real sample analysis with acceptable RSD values and recoveries. SIGNIFICANCE:A dual signal amplification strategy enhanced the potential of the well-prepared ECL immunosensor for detecting E3 samples in the real environment. Thereby, the successfully fabricated competitive ECL immunosensor with excellent electrochemical properties, long term storage stability, and high sensitivity and selectivity validated its potential application for environmental monitoring and analysis.

Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is a common plasticizer used in the manufacture and processing of plastic products. Given that DBP is easily leached and released into the environment, posing a threat to nature and organisms, a competitive photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor array based on Z-type heterojunction with self-calibration was designed for DBP detection. In this experiment, ZnIn2S4 nanosheets were uniformly formed on indium tin oxide transparent conducting glass (ITO) using a hydrothermal method and then CdS nanorods were in situ grown onto the ZnIn2S4 through the same method. The Z-type heterojunctions formed by the ZnIn2S4/CdS composites exhibit a wide range of light absorption and high efficiency of photogenerated electron and hole separation, offering significant advantages for PEC sensor. Thereafter, with the DBP antibody as the target and the competition strategy between the DBP and corresponding antigen to realize the detection of the DBP. Furthermore, the implementation of a self-calibration strategy enhances the precision of experimental outcomes. In accordance with the optimal experimental conditions, the competitive PEC sensor array with self-calibration demonstrated satisfactory linearity across the DBP concentration spectrum of 0.001-100 ng mL- 1, with a detection limit of 0.21 pg mL- 1 (S/N = 3) for DBP. The experimental results demonstrated that the PEC sensor array exhibited excellent stability, specificity, and reproducibility. The study offers novel insights into the detection of DBP in the environment.