TPS2614 Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent factor in inducing angiogenesis. VEGF inhibitors have produced demonstrable but limited and transient clinical benefit for various cancers. One mechanism of resistance includes revascularization secondary to up-regulation of alternative pro-angiogenic signals such as platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGF) and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) pathway. Nintedanib is an oral triple kinase inhibitor that blocks the VEGFR, PDGFR and FGFR pathways. Our study is using combination of Nintedanib (Nin) and Bevacizumab (Bev) which will block VEGF as well as salvage pathway of angiogenesis (PDGFR and FGFR). Phase I dose selection studies revealed that Nin is generally well tolerated (Clin Can Res 16:47, 2010). LUME-Lung 1 phase 3, international, double blind, placebo controlled trial using Nin and docetaxel in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) showed significant improvement in progression free survival (PFS) regardless of histology and improvement in overall survival (OS) in lung adenocarcinoma (Lancet oncology 15:2, 2014). Methods: This is a phase 1b, open label, single institution trial with standard 3+3 design. Primary objective is to evaluate the safety and tolerability of combination of Nin and Bev. The secondary objective is to determine clinical efficacy (objective response), PFS, and evaluation of plasma levels of angiogenic and anti-angiogenic biomarkers like VEGF, PDGF, VEGF-R and FGF. Patients (pts) in cohort I will be treated with Bev 15 mg/kg day 1 intravenously every 3 weeks and Nin 150 mg orally (PO) twice daily (BID) from day 2-21. In the absence of dose limiting toxicities, Nintedanib dose will be increased to 200 mg PO BID in cohort II. Major inclusion criteria includes advanced solid tumors for which Bev has an indication (non-squamous, NSCLC, colon, ovarian, cervical and renal cancer), progression after at least 1 line of systemic treatment, and measurable disease. Pts with prior treatment with Bev can be enrolled. We will enroll 18 patients. Cohorts I has been completed without DLT (n = 3). Cohort II has enrolled 10 patients. Clinical trial information: NCT02835833.

Endoglin plays a critical role in angiogenesis and is implicated in resistance to VEGF inhibition. TRC105, an endoglin antibody, has been shown to potentiate the anti-angiogenic effect of bevacizumab (B) in pre-clinical models of human angiogenesis. Given the critical role of anti-angiogenic therapy in the treatment of advanced NSCLC and the tendency of the tumor to develop escape pathways of angiogenesis following treatment with anti-VEGF agent, investigation of dual anti-angiogenic therapy in advanced NSCLC is indicated. A standard (3+3) dose-escalation design of TRC105 with15 mg/kg bevacizumab (B), 200 mg/m2 paclitaxel (P) and 6 AUC carboplatin (C) given IV on day 1 of each 21-day cycle was employed, followed by an expanded cohort to further assess the safety and tolerability of the recommended phase 2 dose (RPTD) of TRC105. Patients completed induction therapy with TRC105 + B, P and C for a maximum of 6 cycles with those demonstrating no evidence of disease progression transitioned to a maintenance phase of TRC105 + B. Secondary endpoints: ORR, PFS, OS, PK, immunogenicity and angiogenic biomarkers. Key inclusion criteria: chemotherapy-naïve stage 4 NSQ-NSCLC, ECOG < 1, measurable disease and no significant cardiovascular comorbidities. Fifteen pts have been enrolled; three were unevaluable for efficacy due to DLT of Grade 3 rash and unrelated SAE's of Grade 3 weakness and Grade 3 hypoxia. Four of 12 evaluable pts achieved PR, one with 81% tumor reduction. Median PFS was 6.54 months. Common adverse events regardless of relationship included epistaxis, fatigue, telangiectasia, diarrhea, headache and nausea. Common TRC105 related AEs included epistaxis, telangiectasia, fatigue and headache. One patient experienced Grade 5 neutropenic sepsis considered unrelated to TRC105 or B. Analysis of the angiogenic biomarkers will be presented. Induction treatment for six 3-week cycles withTRC105 + B, P, and C, followed by maintenance therapy with TRC105 + B until disease progression was tolerable and did not potentiate the toxicity of B, P or C. The combination of TRC105 + B, P and C demonstrated signs of activity including PR in 4 of 12 evaluable pts.

INTRODUCTION:The goal of this study was to explore the efficacy and tolerability of metronomic chemotherapy, a novel anti-angiogenic treatment strategy, in combination with bevacizumab in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).METHODS:Subjects with newly diagnosed stage IV NSCLC were treated with 4-week cycles of paclitaxel 80mg/m2 and gemcitabine 300mg/m2 weekly for three weeks, plus bevacizumab 10mg/kg every two weeks. Radiologic assessments were performed every 8 weeks. The primary endpoint was progression free survival (PFS). An exploratory objective was to correlate plasma levels of angiogenic biomarkers with treatment response.RESULTS:Thirty-nine subjects were included in the intent to treat (ITT) analysis. The objective response rate (ORR) was 56%, the median PFS was 8.5 months, and median overall survival (OS) was 25.5 months. The PFS rate at 6, 12, and 24 months was 61%, 21%, and 11% respectively. The OS rate at 12 and 24 months was 74% and 53% respectively. Treatment was well tolerated, without significant myelosuppressive, gastrointestinal, or neurologic events. Subjects with less than median baseline values of angiopoietin-2 and IL-8 experienced significantly longer PFS. Longer OS was associated with subjects with less than the median baseline values for PLGF and angiopoietin-2. There were statistically significant differences in median values of several biomarkers between cycles 1 and 3 in subjects with objective responses.CONCLUSIONS:The combination of paclitaxel and gemcitabine, delivered in a metronomic schedule, in combination with bevacizumab, appears to be an effective and tolerable treatment strategy in patients with advanced NSCLC.

Given the modest/transitory benefit of bevacizumab(B)/chemotherapy(CT) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the tendency of tumors to develop escape pathways of angiogenesis, investigation of dual anti-angiogenic therapy may result in more effective angiogenesis inhibition. TRC105 is an antibody to endoglin, an essential angiogenic target expressed on proliferating endothelial cells, and overexpressed in response to VEFG inhibition. This phase 1b study of TRC105 in combination with standard (STD) dose of B with paclitaxel/carboplatin (P/Crb) in advanced non-squamous (NSQ) NSCLC had the primary objectives of safety/tolerability and to determine a recommended phase 2 dose. Secondary objectives included preliminary evidence of antitumor activity and pharmacokinetic (Pks) profile of TRC105.

Purpose: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare malignancy with a dismal median survival of <12 months with current therapy. Single and combination chemotherapy regimens have shown only modest clinical benefit. In preclinical studies, nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (zoledronic acid) inhibit growth of mesothelioma cells by different mechanisms: inhibition of mevalonate pathway, inhibition of angiogenesis, activation of apoptosis through caspase activation, and alteration in activity of matrix metalloproteinases, thereby affecting invasiveness of cancer cells.Patients and methods: We investigated the role of zoledronic acid in a pilot, single-arm trial of MPM patients with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) 0-2 who had progressed on prior treatments or had not received systemic therapy due to poor PS. Primary end point was composite response rate by modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors and/or metabolic response by 2-deoxy-2-[ fluorine-18] fluoro-d-glucose (F-18-FDG) positron emission tomography criteria. Secondary end points were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Exploratory end points include the effect of zoledronic acid therapy on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor, interleukin 8, transforming growth factor beta, mesothelin, and osteopontin levels.Results: Eight male patients (median age of 62 years) with the following clinical characteristics were treated; ECOG PS was 0-2, 75% with epithelioid type, and 62% had prior chemotherapy. Overall composite response rate was 12.5% and the clinical benefit rate (response + stable disease) was 37.5%. Median PFS was 2 months (0.5-21 months) and median OS was 7 months (0.8-28 months). No treatment-related toxicities were observed. Lower VEGF levels were predictive of favorable response and mesothelin levels correlated with disease course.Conclusion: Zoledronic acid shows modest clinical activity without significant toxicity in patients with advanced MPM.

Given the success of cabazitaxel in patients with prostate cancer who progressed after receiving prior chemotherapy, its preclinical efficacy in various cell lines and possible ability to cross blood-brain barrier, cabazitaxel was hypothesized to increase objective response rate (ORR) in second-line setting in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Purpose The sequence bendamustine (B) + Irinotecan (I) followed by etoposide (E) + carboplatin (C) was hypothesized to increase progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in untreated extensive-disease small cell lung cancer (EDSCLC) patients compared to historical controls by exploiting mitotic catastrophe. Absent expression of ERCC-1 and expression of topoisomerases were hypothesized to be predictive for PFS and OS. Methods This was a phase I/IIa trial in 30 patients to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of B + I and the PFS of B + I E + C with secondary end points including overall response rate (ORR) and OS. Biomarkers measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC) obtained from diagnostic specimens were correlated with outcome. Results The MTD of B + I was not reached. During treatment with B + I, there were two grade 5 toxicities from neutropenic sepsis and metabolic encephalopathy. Other toxicities included fatigue, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, and weight loss. For the sequence, the PFS and OS were 6.0 months and 10 months, respectively. The ORR for B + I and the sequence were 82% and 83%, respectively. Topoisomerase-2 expression was predictive for TTP and OS, but absent ERCC-1 expression was not, contrary to our hypothesis. Conclusions B + I is an active regimen in EDSCLC. Toxicities included two grade 5 events but were otherwise manageable. The novel sequence B + I E + C increased PFS and OS compared to historical controls. Correlative studies are conflicting regarding the mechanism of action of this novel sequence.