In 2006, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released revised recommendations for routinization of HIV testing in healthcare settings. Health professionals have been challenged to incorporate these guidelines. In March 2013, a routine HIV testing initiative was launched at a large urban academic medical center in a high prevalence region. The goal was to routinize HIV testing by achieving a 75% offer and 75% acceptance rate and promoting linkage to care in the inpatient setting. A systematic six-step organizational change process included stakeholder buy-in, identification of an interdisciplinary leadership team, infrastructure development, staff education, implementation, and continuous quality improvement. Success was measured by monitoring the percentage of offered and accepted HIV tests from March to December 2013. The targeted offer rate was exceeded consistently once nurses became part of the consent process (September 2013). Fifteen persons were newly diagnosed with HIV. Seventy-eight persons were identified as previously diagnosed with HIV, but not engaged in care. Through this process, patients who may have remained undiagnosed or out-of-care were identified and linked to care. The authors propose that this process can be replicated in other settings. Increasing identification and treatment will improve the individual patient's health and reduce community disease burden.

Less than 30% of the 1.2 million persons living with HIV in the United States are successfully treated. There is a deficit in knowledge and skills to address the HIV epidemic among the health and service delivery workforce. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effect of a didactic and hands-on interprofessional HIV curriculum among a health and service delivery professions students in a US urban area using a Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs (KAB) framework. A pre- and post-test evaluation was distributed to students in the 2012–2013 academic year. Open-ended questions gathered "free-form" insight from participants. A total of 179 students (82% response rate) from the five academic disciplines completed the evaluations. The Preparing the Future program accomplished its goal of increasing knowledge and attitudes about HIV among participants. Educating health and service delivery professions students about HIV provides an opportunity to influence knowledge and attitudes.

In this article, we sought to understand the perceptions and practice of providers on anal cancer screening in HIV-infected patients. Providers in an academic outpatient HIV practice were surveyed. Data were analyzed to determine the acceptability and perceptions of providers on anal Papanicolaou tests. Survey response rate was 55.3% (60.7% among male and 47.4% among female providers). One-third of the providers had received screening requests from patients. Female providers had higher self-rated comfort with anal Papanicolaou tests, with a mean score of 7.1 (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.7-9.5) compared to 3.6 (95% CI 1.5-5.7) for male providers, P = .02. Sixty-seven percent of male providers and 37.5% of female providers would like to refer their patients for screening rather than perform the test themselves. Only 54.2% of our providers have ever performed anal cytology examination. Our survey revealed that not all providers were comfortable performing anal cancer screening for their patients.

DeGrezia, Mary PhD, RN, ACRN; Mignano, Jamie BSN, MSN, MPH; Ellis, Liz; Baker, Dorcas BSN, ACRN, MA; Spencer, Derek BSN, MSN, CRNP-BC Author Information

Conclusions: The evaluation findings provide valuable insights to guide nurse practices for effective care delivery. has revealed unforeseen successes in the implementation of health programmes with wideranging effects on national policies and practices in Swaziland. Clients were highly satisfied with service accessibility and delivery. Lessons were learned concerning database construction and management to effectively monitor and evaluate outcomes.

Current treatment approaches cannot predict, ensure, or sustain the needed adherence required to achieve long-term successful therapy in many of our urban poor patients. The current treatment paradigm in the United States thus relies heavily on sequential therapy to maintain patient health. This approach is often unsuccessful in achieving viral durable suppression, increases the complexities of care, increases the costs of care, and can fail to improve patients' health. As the HIV epidemic shifts into the urban poor in the USA, the success of the current antiretroviral therapy approach to achieve durable viral suppression in this population remains under question. New treatment delivery programmes designed to address these concerns for the urban poor in the USA may represent models that can achieve high levels of treatment success in resource-limited countries.