Seeds of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) are widely used as a spice for their distinctive aroma. C. cyminum have been used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of diseases. Literature presents ample evidence for biomedical activities of cumin which is attributed to its bioactive secondary metabolites - terpenes, phenols, and flavonoids. Besides, health effects of cumin seeds have been experimentally validated through phytochemical analysis depicting the presence of a wide array of bioactive secondary metabolites (BASMs) viz., alkaloid, coumarin, anthraquinone, flavonoid, glycoside, protein, resin, saponin, tannin and steroid. Pharmacological studies indicate that BASMs in seeds of C. cyminum exert antimicrobial, insecticidal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-platelet-aggregation, hypotensive, bronchodilatory, immunological, contraceptive, anti-amyloidogenic, anti-osteoporotic, aldose reductase, α-glucosidase and tyrosinase inhibitory effects. In the present study phytochemical screening, GCMS, FTIR profile of bioactive natural products from C. cyminum has been envisaged. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, carbohydrates, coumarins, flavonoids, glycosides, proteins, quinones, saponins, steroids, tannins and terpenoids. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 21 compounds, of which Cuminaldehyde was prominent. FTIR analysis showed the presence of a strong peak value for 15 compounds and medium peak value for 6 compounds. Many of the compounds in the list could be ADMET bioprospected for biomedical applications as natural drug leads. Keywords: Cuminum cyminum; Cuminaldehyde; Bioactive Natural Products; GCMS; FTIR

Cuminum cyminum L (Family: Apiaceae) is a small multipurpose herb. Seeds of cumin are widely used as a spice for its distinctive aroma, and more commonly in various indigenous traditional systems of medicine. Access through web literature provides ample evidence for biomedical activities of Cuminum cyminum seeds (CCS). CCS has been used in traditional medicine to treat variety of diseases, including hypolipidemia, cancer, and diabetes. Biomedical properties of CCS is attributed to its phytochemical class of compounds viz., terpenes, phenols and flavonoids. Health effects of CCS have been experimentally validated through phytochemical screening deciphering the fact that it contains a large number of bioactive secondary metabolites (BASMs) viz., alkaloid, coumarin, anthraquinones, flavonoid, glycoside, protein, resin, saponin, tannin and steroid. Furthermore, pharmacological studies indicate that BASMs in CCS exert antimicrobial, insecticidal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-platelet-aggregation, hypotensive, bronchodilatory, immunological, contraceptive, anti-amyloidogenic, anti-osteoporotic, aldose reductase, α-glucosidase and tyrosinase inhibitory effects. Cuminaldehyde is one of the major bioactive compounds in CCS that holds significant pharmacological prominence. However, in-depth studies are lacking henceforth warranted to elucidate and fill the gaps, particularly on phytocompound isolation, pre-clinical, clinical characterization, and evaluation of structure–activity relationship. The present study prospects ADMETox perspectives of cuminaldehyde (4-Isopropylbenzaldehyde). Keywords: Cuminaldehyde; Isopropylbenzaldehyde; Cuminum cyminum; ADMETox; Natural Product (NP)

Current craze and concomitant rise of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (AI&ML) in the post-COVID-era holds significant contribution to Drug Design and Development. Along with IoT, AI&ML has reduced human interface and improved the Quality of Life though Quality-Health-Care products. AI&ML approaches driven Rational Drug Design along with customised molecular modelling techniques such as in-silico simulation, pharmacophore modelling, molecular dynamics, virtual screening, and molecular docking aims to elucidate unforeseen bioactivity of natural products confined to limited timeframe with at-most perfection. Besides, it also defines the molecular determinants that partake in the interface with in the drug and the target to design more proficient drug leads. α-Linolenic acid (ALA), a carboxylic acid with 18 carbons and three cis double bonds, is an essential fatty acid required for normal human health and can be acquired through regular dietary supplementation of food. During the metabolic process, ALA is bio-transformed into EPA and DHA. ALA decreases the risk of heart disease by maintaining normal heart rhythm and pumping. Studies suggest that ALA is associated with reduced risk of fatal ischemic heart disease further higher intake may reduce the risk of sudden death among prevalent myocardial infarction patients consistent with induced antiarrhythmic effect. It reduces blood clots, besides, cardiovascular-protective, anti-cancer, neuro-protective, anti-osteoporotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative effects. However, data on pharmacological and toxicological aspects of ALA is limited; on the other hand, no serious adverse effects of ALA have been reported yet. In the present study AI&ML approach based in-silico ADME-Tox and pharmacokinetic profile of ALA from Catharanthus roseus is envisaged. Keywords: IoT; AI&ML; ADME-Tox; α-Linolenic Acid (ALA); EPA; DHA Pharmacokinetics; Catharanthus roseus.

Plant extracts, especially botanical insecticides, are of interest because of their use in plant protection. In the present study, effects of solvent extracts of Datura metel L. were evaluated against larvae of gram pod-borer Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Preliminary screening was carried out with aqueous and other solvent extracts of field collected D. metel at a concentration of 1,000 ppm. Antifeedant activity of methanol crude, petroleum ether, methanol fraction and ethyl acetate fraction of leaf extracts of D. metel were determined to ascertain the active fraction. Larval mortality was observed after 24h of exposure to the plant extracts in different solvents. All the extracts exhibited significant antifeedant and larvicidal effects on the larvae, however, highest larval mortality was observed in ethyl acetate fraction (5.9, 19.3, 31.1, 38.5, 84.8 and 152.6) of leaf extract of D.metel against the I, II, III, IV, V and VI instar larvae of H. armigera respectively. Further, the most active ethyl acetate fraction of D. metel was used to estimate growth inhibition, larvicidal activity and malformation. Results suggest that ethyl acetate fractions of leaf extract of D.metel holds a significant potential to be used as bio-pesticide for the control of destructive polyphagous agricultural pest - H. armigera.

Solanum nigrum Linn. is used in Indian traditional and folklore medicines to cure various ailments. Crude extracts of different plant parts of S. nigrum were obtained using different solvents viz. petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, ethanol and methanol. Phytochemical constituents in different solvent extracts were analyzed. In vitro antibacterial studies on the leaf extracts were carried out on selected bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia, using disc diffusion assay. Results indicate that the leaf aqueous extract was more active against all the microbes tested however, with variations. This indicates that the composition of phytochemicals depend on the type of solvent system employed in extraction.