Background: Cataract Surgery is commonly done surgery in the geriatric age group.These patients may have several systemic diseases to which adequate attention must be paid during surgical planning, local anesthesia administration and in the postoperative period.This study aimed to find the actual need for any anesthetic intervention during surgery, pertaining to the patient's systemic condition.Objectives: To assess perioperative management required for patients who have undergone cataract surgeries with respect to (w.r.t.) specific systemic comorbidities.Methods: Hospital records of 2022 patients who had undergone cataract surgery over two years were analyzed retrospectively.519 patients were found to have one or more systemic comorbidities and were included in this study.Data were analyzed to determine perioperative management (monitoring and interventions) required for these patients w.r.t.their systemic comorbidities.Results: 320 patients (61.7%) were males and 199 (38.3%) were females.Various systemic diseases were observed: cardiovascular 166 (28.6%) (most common), hypertension 143 (24.7%), neurological 56 (9.1%), malignancies 39 (6.7%), renal 24 (4.1%), and respiratory 37 (6.4%).511 (98.5%) patients did not require any preoperative interventions.30 patients (5.8%) required intraoperative interventions like some intravenous drug injections. 2 patients (0.2%) required the postoperative intervention of Tablet Sorbitrate for chest pain and physician's

To compare drusen volume between Heidelberg Spectral Domain (SD-) and Zeiss Swept-Source (SS) PlexElite Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) determined by manual and automated segmentation methods. Thirty-two eyes of 24 patients with Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) and drusen maculopathy were included. In the central 1 and 3 mm ETDRS circle drusen volumes were calculated and compared. Drusen segmentation was performed using automated manufacturer algorithms of the two OCT devices. Then, the automated segmentation was manually corrected and compared and finally analyzed using customized software. Though on SD-OCT, there was a significant difference of mean drusen volume prior to and after manual correction (mean difference: 0.0188 ± 0.0269 mm3, p < 0.001, corr. p < 0.001, correlation of r = 0.90), there was no difference found on SS-OCT (mean difference: 0.0001 ± 0.0003 mm3, p = 0.262, corr. p = 0.524, r = 1.0). Heidelberg-acquired mean drusen volume after manual correction was significantly different from Zeiss-acquired drusen volume after manual correction (mean difference: 0.1231 ± 0.0371 mm3, p < 0.001, corr. p < 0.001, r = 0.68). Using customized software, the difference of measurements between both devices decreased and correlation among the measurements improved (mean difference: 0.0547 ± 0.0744 mm3, p = 0.02, corr. p = 0.08, r = 0.937). Heidelberg SD-OCT, the Zeiss PlexElite SS-OCT, and customized software all measured significantly different drusen volumes. Therefore, devices/algorithms may not be interchangeable. Third-party customized software helps to minimize differences, which may allow a pooling of data of different devices, e.g., in multicenter trials.

Purpose: Association of peripheral neuropathy with diabetic retinopathy is known but the relationship of preclinical neuropathy with various grades of retinopathy is not well documented. This study evaluated the association of preclinical peripheral neuropathy using nerve conduction studies with various grades of retinopathy. Methods: Cases of diabetic retinopathy of various grades but asymptomatic for peripheral neuropathy underwent nerve conduction studies of the lower limbs using Caldwell machine and Sierra wave software. The risk factors for retinopathy and association of neuropathy with various grades of retinopathy were analyzed by bivariate and multivariate regression analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of neuropathy was 75.6% (sensory 58.54% and combined motor and sensory 17.1%) with increase in prevalence with increase in severity of retinopathy. Duration was positively associated with neuropathy (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.02–1.24; P = 0.012); moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) (OR = 5.60, P = 0.002), severe and very severe NPDR (OR = 5.8, P = 0.041), and PDR (OR = 16.05, P = 0.000) were significantly at higher risk for having neuropathy as compared to mild NPDR. Conclusion: Duration and severity of retinopathy are important risk factors for peripheral neuropathy. There is a high prevalence of peripheral neuropathy among diabetics with retinopathy especially with severe grades, when neuropathy is diagnosed using nerve conduction studies.

To describe the phenotype and the genetic defect in keratoendotheliitis fugax hereditaria, an autosomal dominant keratitis that periodically affects the corneal endothelium and stroma, leading in some patients to opacities and decreased visual acuity.Cross-sectional, hospital-based study.Patient Population: Thirty affected and 7 unaffected subjects from 7 families, and 4 sporadic patients from Finland. Observation Procedures: Ophthalmic examination and photography, corneal topography, specular microscopy, and optical coherence tomography in 34 patients, whole exome sequencing in 10 patients, and Sanger sequencing in 34 patients. Main Outcome Measures: Clinical phenotype, disease-causing genetic variants.Unilateral attacks of keratoendotheliitis typically occurred 1-6 times a year (median, 2.5), starting at a median age of 11 years (range, 5-28 years), and lasted for 1-2 days. The attacks were characterized by cornea pseudoguttata and haze in the posterior corneal stroma, sometimes with a mild anterior chamber reaction, and got milder and less frequent in middle age. Seventeen (50%) patients had bilateral stromal opacities. The disease was inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. A likely pathogenic variant c.61G>C in the NLRP3 gene, encoding cryopyrin, was detected in all 34 tested patients and segregated with the disease. This variant is present in both Finnish and non-Finnish European populations at a frequency of about 0.02% and 0.01%, respectively.Keratoendotheliitis fugax hereditaria is an autoinflammatory cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome caused by a missense mutation c.61G>C in exon 1 of NLRP3 in Finnish patients. It is additionally expected to occur in other populations of European descent.