OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical characteristics and surgical treatment of penile Paget's disease.METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed the treatment and follow-up data of 10 cases of penile Paget's disease surgically treated in Jiangsu Provincial Government Hospital and Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital from 2008 to 2012.RESULTSAll the 10 patients received expanded local resection of the lesion with reconstruction of the defects with scrotal skin flaps or free skin flaps from the thigh. All surgeries were successful and the postoperative course was uneventful with complete graft survival and no lymph node metastasis. IIEF scores obtained before and 1 -2 months after surgery showed no statistically significant differences in the penile erectile function (P = 0.229), sexual orgasm (P = 0.761), and sexual satisfaction (P = 0.801) of the patients.CONCLUSIONWhen penile skin lesions suggest the possibility of Paget's disease, biopsy should be performed and surgery should follow as soon as possible. The ideal surgical option is expanded local resection of the lesion with reconstruction of the defects with scrotal skin flaps or free flaps according to the patient's specific conditions.

Recently, novel therapies of prostate cancer, such as immunotherapy, endothelin receptor antagonists, novel androgen receptor antagonist and novel taxanes, and others have been introduced into clinical practice. This study was performed to summarize these results of immunotherapy and endothelin receptor antagonists in the treatment of castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and derive a more precise estimation of their effect on future treatment. The PubMed database, references of published trials, and review articles were searched. Two reviewers independently extracted data of these trials. We used hazard ratios (HRs) to assess the effects on overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), or time to disease progression (TTP), and relative risk (RR) for the different types of toxicity. In addition, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) give a sense of the precision of the estimate. Nine randomized controlled trials were ultimately identified. The pooled HR showed that immunotherapy could prolong OS significantly in patients with CRPC compared to placebo (HR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.58–0.83, p < 0.001). Endothelin receptor antagonists also had modest benefits (HR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.82–1.00, p = 0.046). Nevertheless, there were no significant benefits from both therapies on PFS or TTP. In addition, immunotherapy led to more fatigue, pyrexia, chills, and endothelin receptor antagonists led to more peripheral edema, anemia, and dyspnea. Our article suggested that the very acceptable toxicity and improving OS in patients with CRPC made immunotherapy an attractive option for such patients. However, future studies with thoughtful clinical trial designs are warranted.

To investigate the effect of the deleted in azoospermia (DAZ) copy cluster deletion on spermatogenesis in the South Chinese population.

Objective: Evidence is accumulating that several genes encoding DNA repair molecules may be cancer-susceptibility genes. Recently, SNPs in XRCC4, a member of DNA repair genes, have been implicated in altering the risk of various cancers. However, the results of these studies are inconclusive or controversial. To derive a more precise estimation, we performed an updated meta-analysis. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted to examine all the eligible studies about XRCC4 polymorphism and cancer risk. We used odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the strength of the association. Results: We included 31 studies investigated 8 SNPs in XRCC4. Overall, our paper showed significant associations between the rs28360071, rs2075686 polymorphisms and cancer risk. In addition, significant association was maintained in prostate cancer (rs28360071), lung cancer (rs6869366) and bladder cancer (rs1805377) subgroups analysis. Conclusions: We conducted a systematic search and combined the available results in this meta-analysis, which provided evidence of the associations between SNPs in XRCC4 and cancer risk. The results suggested that rs28360071 polymorphisms were significantly associated with cancer risk. However, future studies are needed to investigate molecular mechanisms underlying the biological functions of XRCC4 SNPs in cancer development.

Objective To investigate the association between functional polymorphism IVS8-poly (T) in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene and prostate cancer risk.Methods A population-based case-control study was conducted including 230 prostate cancer patients and 230 agematched controls.PCR-STRP was used to analysis the IVS8-poly (T) tract in CFTR gene.Results The prevalences of the low expression allele,the IVS8-5T,in prostate cancer patients and controls were 1.52 ％ (7/460) and 5.22 ％ (24/460),respectively (x2 =12.489,P =0.002).Logistic regression analysis confirmed the 5T/7T genotype was in protective association with prostate cancer risk (OR =0.232,P =0.003,95 ％ CI0.090-0.599).Conclusion The low expression CFTR IVS8-5T allele contributes to a reduced risk of prostate cancer in Chinese Han population,and may be a protective factor against prostate cancer.

Background: Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is expressed in a wide variety of epithelial cells including the prostate subglandular epithelia. Previous studies have suggested that CFTR mutations and polymorphisms may be associated with several cancers. Mutations and polymorphisms in the CFTR gene are responsible for cystic fibrosis (CF), and the incidence of prostate cancer in CF patients seemed to be lower than expected. Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted including 230 prostate cancer patients and 230 age-matched controls. We used nested PCR to analysis the IVS8-poly(T) tract and PCR-RFLP method to analysis the M470V polymorphism in CFTR gene. Results: We observed an association of the low expression allele, IVS8-5T with prostate cancer protection (P=0.002; OR-0.281, 95%CI 0.120-0.658). Logistic regression analysis confirmed the 5T/7T genotype was in protective association with prostate cancer risk (P=0.003; OR=0.232, 95%CI 0.090-0.599). Linkage disequilibrium between IVS8-poly(T) and M470V existed among prostate cancer patients (D' =0.701). The low expression haplotype, "5T-V470" was found to be associated with protection against prostate cancer risk (P=0.010; OR=0.324, 95%CI 0.132-0.796). Conclusions: Our results indicate that the low expression CFTR polymorphisms may contribute to a reduced risk of prostate cancer in Chinese Han population. (C) 2007 European Cystic Fibrosis Society. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.