Abstract: Due to institutionalized discrimination, preexisting lower enrollment, and disproportionate disenrollment during the COVID-19 pandemic, Black male college students’ success has a disparately beleaguered trajectory. Disparities in access to academic programs, resources, and support may be due, in part, to those poorer trajectories but also are affected by university policies (or the lack thereof). These students have lower rates of successful recruitment, retention, and graduation. Because institutions that receive federal funding must operate in ways that are free of race-based and sex-based bias, these institutions are obligated to address Black male college students’ lagging numbers as well as any resulting, potentially hostile atmospheres that these students perceive. Failure to address these issues is a form of discrimination and may be tantamount to violations of Titles VI and IX. Racialized and gendered problems require racialized and gendered solutions. Proactive policy shifts and implications are discussed.

Although Stylometry has been effectively used for Authorship Attribution, there is a growing number of methods being developed that allow authors to mask their identity [2, 13]. In this paper, we investigate the usage of non-traditional feature sets for Authorship Attribution. By using non-traditional feature sets, one may be able to reveal the identity of adversarial authors who are attempting to evade detection from Authorship Attribution systems that are based on more traditional feature sets. In addition, we demonstrate how GEFeS (Genetic & Evolutionary Feature Selection) can be used to evolve high-performance hybrid feature sets composed of two non-traditional feature sets for Authorship Attribution: LIWC (Linguistic Inquiry & Word Count) and Sentiment Analysis. These hybrids were able to reduce the Adversarial Effectiveness on a test set presented in [2] by approximately 33.4%.

This paper looks at Doddington's Biometric Zoo from the perspective of AuthorWebs for Adversarial Authorship. We provide a definition of an AuthorWeb and show how animals (authors) in the AuthorWeb Zoo are similar to those found in the Biometric Zoo from a Sentiment Analysis perspective. Additionally, we investigate the use of Sentiment Analysis for Authorship Attribution. When initially experimenting with sentiment analysis features, the accuracy was quite low (18%- 22%). However, applying GEFeS (Genetic & Evolutionary Feature Selection) dramatically increased the accuracy from 22% to 57% while only using 21.6% of the Sentiment Analysis Features.

Authorship Attribution is a well-studied topic with deep roots in the field of Stylometry. Less traditional feature sets have not received as much attention. In this paper, we take a deeper look at a few non-traditional feature sets. We examine the performance of features derived from Sentiment Analysis, LIWC (Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count), and Topic Models. Using methods from Multimodal Machine Learning, we combine these different feature sets to in an effort to improve the performance of Authorship Attribution systems. We then use a feature selection method based on a Steady-State Genetic algorithm known as GEFeS (Genetic & Evolutionary Feature Selection) to examine many different subsets of the total feature sets and further improve the performance of the Authorship Attribution Systems.

The present study explored mock jurors’ guilt judgments with a 2 (Jurors’ Race: Black vs. White) × 2 (Suspects’ Race: Black vs. White) × 2 (Suspects’ Attractiveness: High vs. Low) design in a group of Millennials ( N = 331). Black jurors were more lenient; all jurors were more lenient toward Black suspects; and White jurors were less lenient toward Black unattractive suspects. The current study contributes the following novel findings to the literature: documentation of a possible Black experimenter effect in mock jurors; an interaction among suspects’ race, suspects’ attractiveness, and jurors’ race, suggesting that racial bias exhibited by White jurors may be masking itself as an unattractiveness bias; and additive empathy by Black jurors toward persons who fall within more than one underprivileged group.

The purpose of this article is to examine a personal narrative situated within the contexts of two theoretical frameworks, Stereotype Content Model (Glick & Fiske, 1996; Fiske, 2012) and Expectancy Violation Theory (Bettencourt, Dill, Greathouse, Charlton, & Mulholland, 1997). These frameworks are used to explore a form of microaggressive student-teacher bullying that aims to force black women to act more consistently with negative stereotypes of blacks and women. Rather than a definitive study, this work aims to widen the ongoing equity conversations by heightening awareness of this form of bullying, and of ways to cope as its target.

Rates of HIV/AIDS transmission have increased substantially, particularly among young African American women. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) HIV/AIDS is the number one killer for African American women aged 25 to 34. Given that many of these young women are contracting the disease in their late teens and early twenties, there is a need to develop interventions that directly address the needs of this group. The current study sought to assess the effectiveness of theater in increasing knowledge of HIV/AIDS and the likelihood of healthier sexual behavior and choices among 219 young African American women 18 to 39 years of age. Paired sample t-tests revealed that there were significant mean differences in knowledge and intended safe sex behavior after viewing the play. Young women who viewed the play reported increased knowledge of HIV and reported a higher likelihood of engaging in safer sex. Given the high rates of HIV/AIDS among young African American women, more innovative educational and prevention techniques are needed.

Purpose - The purposes of this chapter are to describe both the within-group and between-group variance in Black Americans' (Blacks') prevalence of mental illness. This chapter also comments on the impact that poorer mental health has on this group's subsequent social mobility and explores recommendations for the reduction of these inequities.Methodology/approach - This chapter reviews Black's history in America. It also outlines the influence of this history and related factors on Black Americans' current rates of illness and subsequently vulnerable upward mobility.Research implications - The history of Blacks in America is tumultuous and has contributed to their vulnerable state. Blacks, on average, are poorer and sicker than Whites, and Blacks' higher rates of illness are due to a number of factors. As a result, Blacks' social mobility is precarious. Future research should continue to explore mental health care programs that are specifically designed to address Blacks' unique culture and worldview.Social implications - In addition to culturally competent and culturally responsive health care, future initiatives should focus on improving the accessibility and quality of health care, and alleviating socioeconomic disparities, racism, and racism-related stress. These initiatives, in conjunction, are the best approach to improving Blacks' rates of mental illness.

Algom, Chajut, and Lev (2004) reported that the Emotion-Word Stroop task does not generate the cognitive processes involved in the Color-Word Stroop paradigm. An Emotion Face-Word naming task that satisfies the criteria of the Stroop paradigm is explored. Two alternative hypotheses were tested: that valence can produce Stroop-like interference or that negative information captures attention, i.e., automatic vigilance. This naming task produced facilitation and interference when the emotion words were congruent or incongruent, respectively. Vigilance effects for negative faces and negative words were also found, such that naming the faces was significantly slower when they were negative or when the superimposed words were negative.

The Guns and Tools task (Payne, 2001) was modified in the current research so that the Black and White face primes displayed emotional expressions. A 2 (race) × 3 (facial affect) × 2 (target) within-subjects design was utilized. Formal predictions were that prime race and facial affect would have separate and combined effects on the misperception of threat. Predictions were partially supported. These findings replicate Payne (2001) and illustrate the separable and significant impact of both racial cues and facial affect in the misperception of threat.

The current study was designed to examine factors of personality and mystical experience that might predict the extent to which participants were intrinsically religious, extrinsically religious, and/or spiritual, while controlling for gender and race. Data from 777 introductory psychology students were used. Hypotheses were partially supported with three hierarchical multiple regression analyses. The personality factors traditionalism and transformation were found to be modest differentiating predictors of the three criterion variables. However, the three factors of mysticism, introvertive, extrovertive, and religious interpretation mysticism, were found to predict substantial differentiating variance between intrinsic religiosity and spirituality.

Hopelessness is central to prominent mental health problems within American Indian (AI) communities. Apaches living on a reservation in Arizona responded to diverse expressions of hope along with Hopelessness, Personal Self-Esteem, and Collective Self-Esteem scales. An Apache Hopefulness Scale expressed five themes of hope and correlated negatively with Hopelessness and positively with both Collective and Personal Self-Esteem. These data confirmed the potential of conducting more extensive analyses of hope within AI tribal life.

While most research on the impact of race on employment evaluations has focused on non-Blacks' perceptions of hiring decisions, the current study extends existing research by focusing on such perceptions in a Black sample. Relying on similarity theory and identity theory, this study hypothesized that the selection-related decisions made by Black raters would be influenced by perceived Similarity and elements of Black identity Specifically, it was proposed that Black identity, as measured by the model of racial identity, would moderate the relationship between perceived similarity and recommendations to interview and hire job applicants. The results provided partial support for a "similar to me" effect for Black raters but failed to support the hypothesized moderation.

Islam literally refers to a personal ‘surrender’ or submission, and may therefore promote a form of self‐control that some have associated with psychosocial benefits. English‐speaking Pakistani university students (N = 160) responded to the Brief Self‐Control Scale along with measures of religious interest, religious orientation and psychological maladjustment. Self‐control correlated positively with religious interest ratings and an intrinsic religious orientation and negatively with an extrinsic religious orientation, depression and anxiety. These data supported the hypothesis that the ‘surrender’ of Islamic commitments would be associated with a self‐control that predicts religious and psychological adjustment.

The authors examined the cross-task consistency of the ability to inhibit the processing of irrelevant information. They compared interference scores on 2 widely used inhibition tasks and found that color word Stroop interference scores correlated with emotion word Stroop interference scores. An examination of physiological reactivity showed that, in general, the color Stroop was more arousing than was the emotion Stroop, most likely due to increased response conflict.

According to prospect theory (A. Tversky & D. Kahneman, 1981), messages advocating a low-risk (i.e., easy, low-cost) behavior are most effective if they stress the benefits of adherence (gain framed), whereas messages advocating a risky behavior are most effective if they stress the costs of nonadherence (loss framed). Although condom use is viewed as a low-risk behavior, it may entail risky interpersonal negotiations. Study 1 (N = 167) compared ratings of condom use messages advocating relational behaviors (e.g., discussing condoms) or health behaviors (e.g., carrying condoms). As predicted, loss-framed relational messages and gain-framed health messages received higher evaluations. Study 2 (N = 225) offers a replication and evidence of issue involvement and gender as moderators. Results are discussed with reference to the design of condom use messages.