目的 分析2010-2020年深圳市南山区脑卒中死亡及寿命损失变化趋势,为南山区脑卒中综合防控工作的开展提供依据.方法 2010-2020年南山区脑卒中的死亡数据来自深圳市慢性病防治管理系统.使用Excel 2019软件、R软件V 4.2.0进行数据整理、分析和绘图.计算粗死亡率、早死所致寿命损失年(YLL),采用年度变化百分比(APC)和平均年度变化百分比(AAPC)进行趋势分析.结果 2010-2020年南山区共有1 301人因脑卒中死亡,其中男性780人,女性521人,平均死亡年龄(68.0±16.6)岁,男性为(65.8±16.5)岁,女性为(71.3±16.2)岁.2020年南山区脑卒中死亡率为8.18/10万,中标率为16.64/10万,世标率为12.37/10万.2010-2020年男性居民脑卒中死亡率、YLL率均高于女性;出血性脑卒中死亡率、YLL率均高于缺血性脑卒中.2010-2014年脑卒中死亡率呈上升趋势(APC=47.90％,P＜0.05),2014-2020年脑卒中死亡率变化趋势无统计学意义(APC=-7.89％,P＞0.05).2010-2015年脑卒中YLL率呈上升趋势(APC=27.30％,P＜0.05),2015-2020年脑卒中YLL率呈下降趋势(APC=-16.57％,P＜0.05).结论 南山区脑卒中死亡率、YLL率较高,2014年以后脑卒中死亡率保持相对稳定,2015年以后YLL率呈下降趋势;男性居民以及出血性脑卒中患者是重点关注对象.

Objective To analyze the disease burden of stroke in Nanshan district of Shenzhen city from 2016 to 2021,and provide the evidence for further improving the comprehensive prevention and control system of stroke.Methods The data of stroke morbidity and mortality in Nanshan district from 2016 to 2021 were obtained from.Chronic Disease Prevention and Control Management System of Shenzhen,and the data were collated and analyzed with Excel 2019 software and R software V 4.2.0.Years lived with disability(YLDs),years of life lost(YLLs),and disability adjusted life years(DALYs)were used to analyze the disease burden of stroke in Nanshan district,and average annual percent change(AAPC)was used to analyze the trend of disease burden of stroke.Results A total of 19 813 incident cases(12 716 males and 7 097 females)of stroke were reported in permanent residents of Nanshan district from 2016 to 2021;825 patients died of stroke,including 480 males and 345 females.From 2016 to 2021,the standardized YLD rate,standardized YLL rate,and standardized DALY rate of stroke in males were higher than those in females;the standardized YLD rate and standardized DALY rate of ischemic stroke were higher than those of hemorrhagic stroke,but the standardized YLL rate of ischemic stroke was lower than that of hemorrhagic stroke.From 2016 to 2021,the YLD rate of stroke in Nanshan district increased from 4.66‰ to 4.84‰,AAPC was 1.78％;and the DALY rate decreased from 6.90 ‰ to 5.95‰,AAPC was-2.16％;but the overall trends of YLD rate and DALY rate were not statistically significant(P＞0.05).However,the YLL rate and YLL/DALY of stroke showed the decreasing trend from 2016 to 2021(AAPC values were-13.32％and-11.40％,respectively,P＜0.05).Conclusion The YLL rate of stroke in Nanshan district showed the decreasing trend from 2016 to 2021,but the DALY rate of stroke did not change significantly.Therefore,improving the health literacy of male residents and reducing the incidence of ischemic stroke and the mortality of hemorrhagic stroke are the focus of further comprehensive prevention and control of stroke.

Objective To investigate the trend in incidence of stroke in Nanshan District,Shenzhen City from 2010 to2021,so as to provide the evidence for formulating the integrated strategy for stroke control.MethodsThe data of stroke morbidity in Nanshan District from 2010 to 2021 were collected through Shenzhen Chronic Disease Prevention and Control Management System.The incidence of stroke was calculated,and standardized by the population of the Chi-nese Sixth National Census in 2010.The trends in stroke incidence were evaluated in Nanshan District from 2010 to2021 using annual percent change （APC） and average annual percent change （AAPC）,and gender-,age-and subtypespecific incidence of stroke was descriptively analyzed.ResultsA total of 30 377 cases with stroke were reported in Nanshan District from 2010 to 2021,with a crude incidence rate of 190.45/10~5and a standardized incidence rate of405.65/10~5.The crude incidence rate of stroke appeared a tendency towards a rise in Nanshan District from 2010 to2021 （APC=5.38%,t=4.678,P=0.001）,and a higher crude incidence rate of stroke was seen among men than among women （227.57/10~5vs.148.40/10~5;χ~2=1 309.580,P＜0.001）.The incidence of stroke appeared a tendency towards a rise with age (χ~2 trend =435.717,P＜0.001),and there was a tendency towards a rise in stroke incidence among residents under40 years of age （APC=2.89%,t=2.538,P=0.029）.The crude incidence of ischemic stroke was 151.24/10~5,which was higher than that of hemorrhagic stroke （39.21/10~5）（χ~2=10 521.000,P＜0.001）.ConclusionsThe incidence of stroke ap-peared a tendency towards a rise in Nanshan District from 2010 to 2021,with ischemic stroke as the predominant sub-type of stroke.Males and middle-aged and elderly residents should be given a high priority for stroke prevention and treatment.

目的 了解深圳市南山区居民吸烟行为及影响因素,为开展控烟工作提供依据.方法 于2018年7-11月采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法抽取南山区17个社区18岁以上常住居民为调查对象;采用2018年中国成人慢性病与营养监测个人问卷调查居民吸烟、戒烟和二手烟暴露情况;采用多因素logistic回归模型分析现在吸烟的影响因素.结果 发放问卷1 700份,回收有效问卷1 625份,回收有效率为95.59％.调查男性714人,女性911人,男女比为1∶1.27;年龄为(45.13±13.59)岁.现在吸烟率为15.51％,其中男性为28.15％,女性为5.60％;开始每日吸烟年龄为(21.00±5.52)岁;日均吸烟(13.53±9.15)支;戒烟率为6.58％,其中男性为10.64％,女性为3.40％;二手烟暴露率为41.42％,其中男性为46.63％,女性为37.32％.多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,初中文化程度(OR=1.683,95％CI:1.088～2.602)、高中/中专/技校文化程度(OR=1.687,95％CI:1.185～2.402)、农民(OR=2.514,95％CI:1.404～4.500)、商业服务业人员(OR=1.939,95％CI:1.093～3.439)与现在吸烟有统计学关联.结论 南山区居民现在吸烟率较低,其中女性现在吸烟率比全国水平高.文化程度和职业是南山区居民现在吸烟的影响因素.