The stages and results of refining a new oil, Galol M–4042 TD, primarily intended to replace M–16IKhP–3 oil (GOST 25770) in two–stroke transport diesels, are discussed in detail in [1]. Galol M–4042 TD belongs to the SAE–40 class, i.e., it is a summer oil by definition [2]. The new oil, like M–16IKhP–3 oil, exclusively contains barium–containing additives, which is predetermined by the specific conditions of operation in two–cycle transport diesels with a high degree of boosting.

The last six months of 2001 and beginning of 2002 were a time of serious planned changes in foreign classifications of motor oils.

At the end of 1999, a new edition of the two most important classifications of motor oils: SAE J-300 and ACEA was revised and published.

The expediency of incorporating additional by-pass superfine-treatment filters (STF) in the lubrication systems of automotive engines remains the subject of research and discussion. Specialists express differences, which frequently contradict opinions concerning the effectiveness of these filters under modern conditions. Increasingly rigid standards for the emission of toxic substances by vehicles are gradually being introduced through ecological legislation. A reduction in harmful emissions is being achieved by joint efforts of automotive manufacturers and oil refiners.

A prototype of the HELIOS-12 single-chamber multiply charged ion source is described, which operates on the principle of electron cyclotron resonance and is designed for pulsed ion accelerators. The magnetic system of the source, which forms both longitudinal and transverse (hexapole) fields, contains only permanent magnets of SmCo/sub 5/. The source operates at a frequency of 2.375 GHz with a pulse duration of 3 msec, a pulse power of up to 4 kW, and a repetition frequency of 1 Hz. The duration of an ion-extraction pulse is 50 ..mu..sec (10 kW). Results of measurements of the strongest (greater than or equal to 2 x 10/sup 13/ particles/sec) multiply charged components of beams of helium, oxygen, nitrogen, neon, and argon ions in the range of Z/A = 0.1-0.15 are given.