Investigations have established the bicarbonate ion as a contributing factor in a plant chlorosis similar to that induced by soils high in calcium carbonate. This type of plant yellowing associated with an inactivation of iron is referred to as chlorosis in this paper. Chlorosis has been induced in susceptible plants by increasing the level of the bicarbonate ion in the growth medium (5, 8). A combination of high pH and high bicarbonate ion concentration has not prevented iron absorption, but apparently has resulted in the inactivation of iron within the plants. Lindsay and Thorne (5) found that nutrient solutions containing high bicarbonate ion concentrations increased the accumulation of iron in the roots of Great Northern bean plants, but decreased the translocation to leaves and stems. Similar results were obtained by Warnock (11). The bicarbonate ion effect cannot be attributed to high pH alone. Porter and Thorne (6) conducted nutrient culture experiments in which pH and bicarbonate ion concentrations were varied by regulating the carbon dioxide pressure of the aeration stream. Great Northern bean plants developed chlorosis with high bicarbonate ion concentrations regardless of pH. Stewart and Preston (7) found that the bicarbonate ion, more than anv other component of a bicarbonate buffer solution, suppressed the uptake of bromide ions bv potato disks. Increasing the level of KHCO3 in the solution depressed protein synthesis and oxidase activity. Plants differ in susceptibility to chlorosis (1, 5, 11). Brown (1) investigated some copper and iron enzymes in a group of plants in relation to chlorosis susceptibility. Plants of the group which become chlorotic when grown on a high-lime soil were resistant to chlorosis when grown on an organic (copper deficient) soil. Plants which were chlorotic when grown on a calcareous soil were much lower in catalase activity than were green plants of other species grown on the same soil or of green plants of the same species grown on different soils. Ascorbic acid oxidase appeared to be a good index of available copper in most plants whether the plants did or did not show visual copper deficiency symptoms. Since the known functions of copper and iron in plants are associated solely with enzyme systems, the difference in behavior of chlorosis-susceptible and chlorosis-resistant plants indicates differences in the relative dependence of these plants on iron and copper enzyme systems. Kadry (4) has noted a pronounced accumulation of bicarbonate-derived carbon in several plants. The pronounced effects of the bi-

AbstractThe possibility of zincate formation in alkaline soils has been investigated. Utah bentonite suspensions were titrated to ½, 1, and 2% of their base‐exchange capacities with Zn65 in zinc chloride. The pH of the suspensions was varied by treatment with sodium, potassium, or calcium hydroxide. After a period of shaking, the suspensions were centrifuged and the supernatant liquid analyzed for Zn65.In both the sodium and potassium systems, zinc solubility reached a minimum in the pH range of 5.5 to 6.7. As the alkalinity of the systems was increased, the solubility of zinc also increased. This suggests the formation of soluble alkali zincates. In the calcium system, zinc solubility reached a minimum at a pH of 7.6, and no increase in soluble zinc was noted as the pH of the system was increased. The formation of insoluble calcium zincate can be postulated. Since analyses did not reveal the ionic species of zinc in solution, this study can only be regarded as circumstantial evidence in support of zincate formation in alkaline soils.The movement of various ionic forms of zinc was observed in a column of calcareous silty calay soil. Zn65 was applied to the surface as the zinc ion, the zinc‐ammonia complex, and the zincate anion at a rate equivalent to 50 pounds zinc per acre 6 inches. The columns were then leached with 18.6 inches of water. The zincate complex moved the furthest, being found at a depth of 3 cm.; the zinc ion and the zinc‐ammonia complex both moved to a depth of 2 cm. The difference in movement was attributed to the difference in sign of charge between the zinc treatments.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFertilizer Evaluation, Crop Response to Phosphorus in Nitric PhosphatesD. W. Thorne, P. E. Johnson, and L. F. SeatzCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1955, 3, 2, 136–140Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60048a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60048a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views30Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Agronomy JournalVolume 46, Issue 6 p. 290-290 Book Review Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkali Soils U. S. Salinity Laboratory Staff U.S.D.A. Agricultural Handbook 60, Washington, D. C., Government Printing Office. 160 pp. 1954. $2.00 D. W. Thorne, D. W. ThorneSearch for more papers by this author D. W. Thorne, D. W. ThorneSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 June 1954 https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1954.00021962004600060019xCitations: 11AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume46, Issue6June 1954Pages 290-290 RelatedInformation

AbstractThese studies were conducted to determine the effects of field application of waters of different quality on the chemical composition of soils. Soil samples were obtained from paired sites within irrigated and unirrigated soil areas located in 14 different soil locations and representing use of 12 different irrigation waters. The data for irrigation water and soil composition were statistically analyzed for regression and correlation relationships.The salt content of the soils was found to be closely related to the salt content of the irrigation waters.The percentages of exchangeable sodium in the soils had significant regressions on sodium percentages, weighted sodium percentages, sodium adsorption ratios and the theoretical equilibrium exchangeable sodium percentages for the irrigation waters included in the study. The regressions of exchangeable sodium percentages on excess sodium percentages of the waters were not significant.There were significant negative regressions between increase in lime content of the irrigated soils (calcium carbonate content of irrigated soil minus calcium carbonate content of non‐irrigated soil) and the electrical conductance, the chloride content, calcium and magnesium content and sulfate content of the irrigation water. Lime tended to be leached out of soils when the electrical conductance of the irrigation waters exceeded 2 millimhos per cm. and frequently to increase in soils irrigated with waters of lesser salt content.The data do not indicate that the carbonates and bicarbonates in irrigation waters studied contributed significantly to either the accumulation of carbonates in soils or to increase in exchangeable sodium percentages.

Soil Science Society of America JournalVolume 15, Issue C p. 254-258 Section IV—Soil Fertility Hypotheses Concerning Lime-induced Chlorosis† D. W. Thorne, D. W. ThorneSearch for more papers by this authorF. B. Wann, F. B. WannSearch for more papers by this authorWilford Robinson, Wilford Robinson Professor Agronomy, Professor Plant Physiology, and Graduate Assistant, respectively.Search for more papers by this author D. W. Thorne, D. W. ThorneSearch for more papers by this authorF. B. Wann, F. B. WannSearch for more papers by this authorWilford Robinson, Wilford Robinson Professor Agronomy, Professor Plant Physiology, and Graduate Assistant, respectively.Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 January 1951 https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1951.036159950015000C0058xCitations: 35 ‡ Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Logan, Utah. This work supported in part by a grant from the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume15, IssueC1951Pages 254-258 RelatedInformation

Soil Science Society of America JournalVolume 13, Issue C p. 213-217 Article Solubility and Physiological Availability of Phosphate in Sodium and Calcium Systems Parker F. Pratt, Parker F. PrattSearch for more papers by this authorD. W. Thorne, D. W. Thorne Department of Agronomy, Utah State Agricultural College, Logan, Utah.Search for more papers by this author Parker F. Pratt, Parker F. PrattSearch for more papers by this authorD. W. Thorne, D. W. Thorne Department of Agronomy, Utah State Agricultural College, Logan, Utah.Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 January 1949 https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1949.036159950013000C0037xCitations: 9 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume13, IssueC1949Pages 213-217 RelatedInformation

Soil Science Society of America JournalVolume 13, Issue C p. 394-398 Article The Effect of Light, Soil Temperature, and Soil Moisture on High-Lime Chlorosis L. M. Burtch, L. M. BurtchSearch for more papers by this authorD. W. Thorne, D. W. ThorneSearch for more papers by this authorF. B. Wann, F. B. Wann Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Logan, Utah.Search for more papers by this author L. M. Burtch, L. M. BurtchSearch for more papers by this authorD. W. Thorne, D. W. ThorneSearch for more papers by this authorF. B. Wann, F. B. Wann Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Logan, Utah.Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 January 1949 https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1949.036159950013000C0072xCitations: 6 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume13, IssueC1949Pages 394-398 RelatedInformation

Soil Science Society of America JournalVolume 11, Issue C p. 397-401 Article Calcium Carbonate and Exchangeable Sodium in Relation to the Growth and Composition of Plants† D. W. Thorne, D. W. Thorne Associate Professor of Agronomy.Search for more papers by this author D. W. Thorne, D. W. Thorne Associate Professor of Agronomy.Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 January 1947 https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1947.036159950011000C0074xCitations: 2 ‡ Contribution from the Department of Agronomy, Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Logan, Utah. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume11, IssueC1947Pages 397-401 RelatedInformation