This paper presents the results of a study of explosive compositions with the replacement of the combustible filler—aluminum powder—by an aluminum- and boron-containing composite mixture prepared by mechanical activation. Thermodynamic calculations of the characteristics of fillers and explosive compositions were made using the TERRA software and the NIST database. The compatibility of fillers with active binders and the influence of fillers on the detonation characteristics and blasting, propulsive, and shattering (brisance) effects of model explosive compositions were studied.

An experimental study was made of 0.2 fusec pulsed electrical breakdown of energetic composite systems containing a polymer binder capable of self-sustained combustion. It is shown that electrical breakdown of samples 2–4 mm thick does not lead to ignition of the entire sample but can cause severe damage to it. The effect of dispersed fillers on the electric strength and fracture of energetic condensed systems in comparison with nonflammable polymer compositions is discussed.

The influence of irradiation with 60 Co γ-rays on gelation, change in the mechanical characteristics, and the formation of supermolecular structure in a poly(ester urethane) elastomer synthesized from oligoether adipate and diisocyanate, as well as a diol with or without double carbon-carbon bonds, was studied. It was found that the presence of double carbon-carbon bonds in the structure of the elastomer ensures the predominance of crosslinking over degradation processes. It was shown that γ-irradiation at a dose of 380 kGy is accompanied by the formation of a microglobular structure of ∼1 μm size. The specifics of changes in the mechanical characteristics depending on the absorbed dose are discussed.

Gas chromatography, manometry, and electron spin resonance spectroscopy were used to study the gas release due to the action of electron and gamma radiation on composite energetic compositions and their active fuel binder consisting of polyester urethane and plasticized nitrate esters. It is shown that, under irradiation, fillers such as ammonium perchlorate and aerosil promote decomposition of the active fuel binder and that cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine acts as an inert filler. The possible causes of the findings are discussed.

The thermal-decomposition parameters of unplasticized and nitrate ester plasticized polyester polyurethane elastomers with unsaturated carbon—carbon bonds in the initial state and after irradiation with doses of 120–380 kGy ( γ -quanta 60 Co) were determined using dynamic thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry.

Polymer nanocomposites were prepared by mixing ultrafine diamonds with nitroglycerin-plasticized poly(ester urethane), which exists in the plastic state at room temperature, and by subsequent curing. The structure and mechanical properties of nanocomposites were studied by the methods of small-angle X-ray scattering and uniaxial drawing. Mixing the components led to a change in the basic parameters of the fractal structure of ultrafine diamond powders and to their intensive disaggregation: the fraction of particles detected by small-angle X-ray scattering substantially increased. The strength and relative elongation-at-break of nanocomposites were markedly improved by introducing minor amounts of nanomodifying agent.