Epidemiologic and traceback evidence of Salmonella infection is not much in many developing countries including Burkina Faso. This study investigates the antimicrobial resistance and distribution of Salmonella serotypes isolated from diverse sources in Burkina Faso. 615 Salmonella serotypes isolated from beef meat, poultry carcasses, poultry, swine, cattle, hedgehog, fish, salad, channel and humans from 2009 to 2011 were analyzed to identify their diversity and distribution among the samples. The Salmonella strains were subjected to antimicrobial sensitivity tests using disk diffusion methods, were analyzed and classified into 110 serotypes, with the most prevalent serotype being Derby (91/615) found in beef meat, poultry carcasses, poultry and fish; Muenster (48/615) found in cattle, swine, hedgehog, poultry, human and fish; Chester (38/615) found in poultry carcasses, swine and poultry feces; Hato (32/615) found in beef meat, poultry carcasses, cattle and poultry; Drac (30/615) found in cattle, hedgehog and fish; and Typhimurium (21/615) found in cattle, poultry, human and fish. Among the 615 Salmonella strains, 94% (581/615) were resistant to one or more antibiotics; resistance to streptomycin was the most common. The resistance pattern, Str-Sul-Tet, Str-Tet and Str-Sul was dominant and found in 80% of the strains. About 3% of the strains were resistant to 5 or 6 antibiotics; their resistance pattern is amp-str-sul-tet-tmp or amp-chl-str-sul-tet-tmp. One Salmonella strain, S. Kentucky isolated from human stool was resistant to eight antibiotics; the resistance pattern is amp-str-sul-tet-cip-gen-nal-mec. Findings from this study can help define the guidelines for basic surveillance system of Salmonella and other enteropathogenic bacteria circulating among humans, animals, food and environment. Key words: Salmonella, environment, human, risk.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance profile of Salmonella enterica isolated from raw beef, mutton and intestines sold in Ouagadougou; Burkina Faso.Methodology and Results: A total of 450 samples from raw meat of beef (n=175), mutton (n=175), beef intestine (n=50) and sheep intestine (n=50) were analyzed using standards microbiological method for the detection of Salmonella. The isolates were tested for antibacterial resistance using the agar diffusion method with fourteen commonly used antibiotics. In this study, Salmonella contaminated 19% (86/450) of the samples with 27% (47/175) of beef, 18% (9/50) of beef intestine, 11% (19/175) of mutton and 22% (11/50) of sheep intestine. Salmonella strains isolates were most resistant to tetracycline and cefalotin than other tested antibiotics.Conclusion and main findings: The high rate of Salmonella strains in animals can pose a major public health risk in Burkina Faso. In addition, the susceptibility test confirms the circulation of antibiotic resistant pathogens in raw meat. Interestingly, these findings indicate a presence of multiresistant strains. The regulation of antibiotics use in animal husbandry is recommended to prevent antibiotic resistance in humans.Key words: Beef, Mutton, Raw Intestine, Salmonella, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, Burkina Faso.

The trade of local beverages and ice has become popular in many developing countries including Burkina Faso. This study was performed to determine the local beverages safety knowledge of producers and sellers in Ouagadougou. Face-to-face interviews of 233 producers and sellers were conducted. The approach used concerned the process of good hygiene and production. The data were collected following observation checklists and an adapted set of questions: knowledge of risk perception, training, personal hygiene, cleanliness of the selling site, water supply, refreshment condition, packaging materials, food handling practices and foodborne pathogens. Data were analysed by using means, frequencies, standard deviation, 95% confidence interval and t-test. The results of survey showed that women represent 94% of 233 total sellers. Eighty five percent 85.4% did not receive appropriate training about food hygiene and 72.5% of them did not know the reasons of local beverages and ice contamination. Only 35.6% of the sellers used freeze system to store beverages. Poor quality of water and hands implicated to local beverage manufacturing were respectively assigned 8.6% and 73%. Statistical analyses revealed significant difference (P < 0.05) between hygiene training and stationary sellers (P = 0.004), hygiene training and source of water (P = 0.02), hygiene training and cold chain (P = 0.013). In view of the socio economic importance of local beverages and their role in the unexpected arrival of food-borne diseases, local beverages sellers should be regularly trained, retrained in order to prevent outbreaks of food-borne illnesses. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.