Deasphalting of vacuum resids with propane is enhanced by feeding the feedstock and solvent to the extractor through injectors equipped with collectors and reflectors. A mathematical description of mass exchange in the deasphalter (extractor) and a method for calculating the optimum deasphalting process parameters with injection feed of feedstock and solvent are developed. Constructive solutions are found for introduction in oil units. The deasphalter loads and yield of deasphalting product has been increased and the ratio of propane to feedstock in production of deasphalting product of a given quality has been decreased at Slavneft'–Yaroslavnefteorgsintez.

A pulsed—mixing industrial crystallizer has been part of the dewaxing system (section S—400) in production of lube oils and waxes in the KM—2 complex at Slavneft'—Yaroslavnefteorgsintez OJSC since November 1999. During a pilot run, the crystallizer was tested in processing residual raffinate and raffinate of the 420—490°C cut of mixed West Siberian crude oils. The pulsed crystallizer has been operating constantly in this section in processing distillate raffinate since March 2000.

The results of long use of a pilot-industrial pulsed stirring crystallizer in production of KM-2 oils and waxes by Slavneft’-Yaroslavnefteorgsintez JSC in dewaxing distillate (420 – 490°C cut) and residual raffinates from mixed West Siberian crude oils demonstrated the significant advantages of this unit and the new technology for production of wax suspensions [1, 2].

In process flow plans for the manufacture of residual components of lube oils, propane deasphalting of vacuum resids is applied for the removal of resins, asphaltenes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, to prepare the resid for subsequent treatment and dewaxing.

The formation and conversion of cation radicals (CR) in the absorption of the isomers of trimethylbenzene (TMB), pseudocumene and mesitylene on Y zeolites, a high-silica wide-pore mordenite, the UHS zeolite TsVM, which belong to the class of pentasils, and on an amorphous aluminosilicate (AS) have been studied by EPR. It is shown that the formation of CR takes place in the adsorption of TMB on dehydrated specimens of the H-forms of the zeolites and amorphous AS in the presence of O/sub 2/. The possible structure of the CR formed, the paths for their conversion, as well as the structure of the radical-forming center are discussed. A mechanism is suggested for the formation and conversion of CR at an oxidizing-reducing center activated by oxygen. The radical processes which take place on the zeolites and amorphous AS are associated with the selectivity of the catalytic reactions involving the participation of TMB and also with the deactivation of the catalysts.