Background Spontaneous rupture of benign uterine fibroids is extremely rare and has been associated with fibroid degeneration. It can cause acute intraperitoneal bleeding requiring immediate surgical intervention. Case A previously healthy 50-year-old, Caucasian, nullipara presented with syncope, hemodynamic instability, and an acute abdomen. Noncontrast computed tomography images showed a positive sentinel clot sign in the pelvis as well as a large uterine fibroid with internal hyperdense clot suggesting acute rupture. Urgent laparotomy and hysterectomy confirmed a ruptured, actively bleeding, uterine fibroid with final pathological diagnosis of a benign leiomyoma. Conclusion Prompt diagnosis and emergency surgical intervention were necessary to control acute hemorrhage from a ruptured uterine fibroid. Noncontrast computed tomography is an important adjunct to contrast-enhanced computed tomography and was vital for diagnosis in this case.

Inverted papilloma of the urinary tract is a rare benign lesion. A 59-year-old male who presented with the chief complaint of gross hematuria and acute urinary retention is described. Cystoscopy revealed a solitary, papillary tumor at the bladder neck. Transurethral resection was performed, and histological examination revealed a pathological diagnosis of inverted papilloma. Following resection, the patient was able to void without difficulty. This is an interesting case of acute urinary retention secondary to an inverted papilloma at the bladder neck causing intermittent outlet obstruction, and we review the literature on inverted papilloma of the bladder.

Popcorn is a very social food, often shared with others and offered at many major sporting events, concerts, movies, and fairs. However, sharing may not be safe since microorganisms found on hands may be transferred onto the shared popcorn. This study was conducted to determine if bacteria are transferred from hands to popcorn during handling. Over 30 samplings revealed that bacterial transfer to popcorn from hands was very low; however transfer did occur with large variation between subjects. Since hands and surfaces can carry bacteria in situations where food is being shared, transferring bacteria from one person to another person is always a risk.

A 66-year-old man was referred for urological evaluation for an abnormal digital rectal exam (cT2a, subtle nodule at left base, 121 cc prostate) and an elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) of 8.0 ng/ml. Subsequent 12-core transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided biopsy revealed Gleason 3+4 adenocarcinoma in seven of 12 cores, including all six cores on the right side and one core at the left apex. No extraprostatic extension was identified. Post-biopsy, the patient developed urinary retention requiring a catheter, as well as an Escherichia coli (E. coli) urinary tract infection (UTI) requiring hospitalization and intravenous antibiotics.

Neuroendocrine (NE) carcinomas represent a rare subtype of prostate malignancies. Small-cell carcinoma is the most common NE prostate cancer (NEPC), whereas carcinoid and large-cell neuroendocrine prostate cancer (LCNEPC) are exceedingly rare.1,2 Most reported cases of LCNEPC have occurred in the context of long-standing treatment with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).1,3,4 Herein are presented 2 cases of de novo LCNEPC that arose in patients with coexistent poorly differentiated prostate adenocarcinoma.

In this article, we describe a system for detecting dominant prostate tumors, based on a combination of features extracted from a novel multi-parametric quantitative ultrasound elastography technique. The performance of the system was validated on a data-set acquired from n = 10 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Multi-frequency steady-state mechanical excitations were applied to each patient's prostate through the perineum and prostate tissue displacements were captured by a transrectal ultrasound system. 3D volumetric data including absolute value of tissue elasticity, strain and frequency-response were computed for each patient. Based on the combination of all extracted features, a random forest classification algorithm was used to separate cancerous regions from normal tissue, and to compute a measure of cancer probability. Registered whole mount histopathology images of the excised prostate gland were used as a ground truth of cancer distribution for classifier training. An area under receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.82 +/- 0.01 was achieved in a leave-one-patient-out cross validation. Our results show the potential of multi-parametric quantitative elastography for prostate cancer detection for the first time in a clinical setting, and justify further studies to establish whether the approach can have clinical use.

Testing the “Double Stuf” Claim Students: Brooke Butterworth, Ward Jones, Alyssa Grigg, Laura Falconi, Alexandra Corvese, Hannah Green Mentors: Dr. Paul Dawson and Dr. Rose Martinez-Dawson Results The objective of this study was to test Nabisco’s claim that Double Stuf Oreos contain double the “stuf” when compared to original Oreos. Six packages of each type of cookie were purchased from 3 local grocery stores. For each package, 10 cookies were randomly selected using a random number generator. Sixty of each cookie type was used in this study. Total cookie weight, weight of each cookie side and cream weight were measured in grams for each cookie. Results from a t-test indicate no evidence that consumers are getting less than double the “stuf” and a 95% confidence interval constructed for the ratio of means also supports this. Methods Conclusion We failed to reject the null hypothesis that the mean cream mass of Double Stuf Oreos is double that of original Oreos because our approximate p-value was greater than the significance level of 0.05. Therefore we concluded that there was insufficient evidence to conclude that the mean cream mass for Double Stuf Oreos is less than twice the mean cream mass of Original Oreos. “Table 2: Confidence Intervals” Then, the first wafer was removed and weighed . Next, the cream was scraped off the remaining wafer using a knife and the cream was weighed alone. Then, the other Oreo wafer was weighed individually and recorded. This same procedure was repeated for the Double Stuf Oreos. Finally, the mean and standard deviations of the creams were calculated. A two independent sample t-test was performed and statistical significance was determined at a significance level of 0.05. In addition, confidence intervals to estimate the ratio of mean cream mass was also determined using www.graphpad.com/quickcalcs/errorProp2.

The combination of Dynamic Contrast Enhanced (DCE) images with Diffusion Tensor Images (DTI) has shown great potential in prostate cancer detection. The parametrization of DCE images to generate cancer markers is traditionally performed based on pharmacokinetic modeling. However, pharmacokinetic models make simplistic assumptions about the tissue perfusion process, require the knowledge of contrast agent concentration in a major artery, and the modeling process is sensitive to noise and fitting instabilities. In this work, this issue is addressed by extracting features directly from the DCE T1-weighted signal intensities without modeling the physical perfusion phenomenon. In this work, a novel set of data-driven features are proposed which are generated by mapping the DCE T1-weighted signal intensity to its principal component space. The optimal set of components is extracted with sparse regularized regression through a Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) model. It is shown that when the proposed features are used to replace pharmacokinetic parameters, the Area under receiver operating characteristics Curve (AUC) is 0.86, with a support vector machine classifier trained on the peripheral zone of prostate. When the proposed features are used within the multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) protocol with the DTI feature, the area under ROC was 0.91 for the peripheral zone classifier, and 0.87 for the whole gland classifier. We showed that in 85.0% cases, the mpMRI whole gland classifier detected more than 50% area of the tumor. The proposed features were used to generate cancer likelihood maps for the prostate gland. These likelihood maps show the likelihood of cancer for

One hundred thirty-three counseling professionals/paraprofessionals were recruited from adolescent residential treatment programs located in Michigan. Participants were assessed using the Community Attitudes Toward Sex Offender Scale (CATSO). Of the participants, 32.3% ( n = 43) of the participants were female and 67.7% ( n = 90) were male. Years of experience working directly with adolescent sexual offenders of participants ranged from 0 to 18 years ( M = 2.48 years, SD = 3.48). The number of months participants received sexual offender training ranged from 0 to 60 ( M = 3.44, SD = 9.48). No statistical differences in attitudes were found between females and males toward adolescent sexual offenders. No statistically significant relationship was found between years of experience and the four factors on the CATSO survey (Social Isolation, Capacity to Change, Severity/Dangerousness, and Deviancy). A significant relationship was found between experience and the Deviancy factor. No statistically significant relationship was found between months of training and attitudes. Overall, attitudes toward adolescent sexual offenders were positive.

PRELIMINARY RESULTS Ramin Sahebjavaher, Philippe Garteiser, Ralph Sinkus, Louis O. Gagnon, Ali Baghani, Silvia Chang, Simon Chatelin, Edward C. Jones, Chris Nguan, Larry Goldenberg, Piortr Kozlowski, Mehdi Moradi, and Septimiu Salcudean Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, Hôpital Beaujon, Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Bichat Beaujon (CRB3), Paris, France, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, The Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, United States

here we explain a much avoided phenomenon in the evolution of speed sports for men and women: The world records in running tend to be set by black athletes and in swimming by white athletes.We show that this phenomenon is predictable from physics.locomotion is a 'falling-forward' cycle, in which body mass falls forward and then rises again.mass that falls from a higher altitude falls faster, down and forward.In running, the altitude (l 1 ) is set by the position of the center of mass above the ground.In swimming, the altitude is set by the upper body rising above the water, and it is proportional to h -l 1 , where h is the height of the athlete.The anthropometric literature shows that the center of mass in blacks is 3 percent higher above the ground than in whites.This means that blacks hold a 1.5 percent speed advantage in running, and whites hold a 1.5 percent speed advantage in swimming.among athletes of the same height asians are even more favored than whites in swimming but they are not setting records because they are not as tall.

You have accessJournal of UrologyProstate Cancer: Staging II1 Apr 2010308 MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FOR NONINVASIVE PREDICTION OF PATHOLOGIC GLEASON SCORE Nicholas Buchan, Piotr Kozlowski, Silvia Chang, Edward Jones, Ran Meng, and Larry Goldenberg Nicholas BuchanNicholas Buchan , Piotr KozlowskiPiotr Kozlowski , Silvia ChangSilvia Chang , Edward JonesEdward Jones , Ran MengRan Meng , and Larry GoldenbergLarry Goldenberg View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2010.02.371AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES To test whether Diffusion and Dynamic Contrast Enhanced MRI can predict final Gleason score in radical prostatectomy specimens. METHODS Twenty seven patients with a high clinical suspicion for prostate cancer (elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and/or prostate nodule detected during digital rectal examination) underwent Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) and Dynamic Contrast Enhanced (DCE) MRI examination at 3.0 T prior to biopsy. Average values of the average diffusivity , fractional anisotropy FA, volume transfer constant Ktrans, fractional volume of extra-vascular extra-cellular space ve, and fractional volume of blood plasma vp were calculated from the tumours and correlated with Gleason score obtained from both the biopsy and prostatectomy specimen. RESULTS Average values of and FA for the Gleason score 3+3 were significantly higher than for the scores 3+4 (p < 0.05), 4+3 (p < 0.01), and 4+5 (p < 0.01). In addition, the average values of and FA for the score 4+3 were significantly higher than for the score 4+5 (p < 0.05). Average value of ve for the score 3+4 was significantly different than for the score 4+5 (p < 0.001), and the average value of vp for the score 4+5 was significantly lower than for the scores 3+3 (p < 0.05) and 3+4 (p < 0.01). There was significant correlation between Gleason score and (rho = -0.661, p = 0.0005), FA (rho = - 0.551, p = 0.0036) and vp (rho = -0.423, p = 0.0251). Ordinal logistic regression modelling showed statistically significant dependence between the Gleason score and the MRI parameters (p < 0.0001 for the model), however only and FA significantly contributed to the model (p = 0.018 for and p = 0.009 for FA). CONCLUSIONS Both average diffusivity and fractional anisotropy FA correlate strongly with Gleason score. These results suggest that DTI MRI is capable of non-invasively grading prostate tumours. This finding needs further evaluation and validation, but suggests great potential for the selection and monitoring of active surveillence and focal therapy patients. Table 1. Average Values (mean +/- SD) of DTI and DCE MRI parameters Gleason Score [10-3mm2/sec] FA Ktrans[min-1] Ve Vp 3+3 (n=7) 1.30+/- 0.15 a,b,c 0.25+/- 0.04e,b,c 0.15+/- 0.10 0.21+/- 0.08 0.013+/- 0.010 g 3+4 (n=13) 1.09+/- 0.18 0.19+/- 0.04 0.16+/- 0.07 0.22+/- 0.02 f 0.006+/- 0.006h 4+3 (n=6) 1.05+/- 0.03d 0.20+/- 0.04d 0.12+/- 0.05 0.18+/- 0.04 0.006+/- 0.005 4+5 (n=3) 0.98+/- 0.04 0.13+/- 0.02 0.14+/- 0.01 0.15+/- 0.01 0.0005+/- 0.0005 a 3+3 different that 3+4 (p < 0.05), b 3+3 different than 4+3 (p < 0.01), c 3+3 different than 4+5 (p < 0.01), d 4+3 different than 4+5 (p < 0.05), e 3+3 different than 3+4 (p < 0.01), f 3+4 different than 4+5 (p < 0.001), g 3+3 different than 4+5 (p < 0.05), h 3+4 different than 4+5 (p < 0.01) Vancouver, Canada© 2010 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 183Issue 4SApril 2010Page: e122 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2010 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Nicholas Buchan More articles by this author Piotr Kozlowski More articles by this author Silvia Chang More articles by this author Edward Jones More articles by this author Ran Meng More articles by this author Larry Goldenberg More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Currently, boron trifluoride, BF3, is the primary feed gas for boron implantation in manufacturing of semiconductor devices. However, BF3 molecule is difficult to ionize and fragment, and therefore only a small fraction is is converted into B+ ions that can be used for ion implantation. This results in low B+ beam currents even at relatively high extraction currents, which can limit process throughput and system performance. The problem is particularly severe at low energies. ATMI has demonstrated that use of diboron tetrafluoride, B2F4, as a feed gas for boron implantation may offer advantages over BF3. It has been shown that B2F4 is capable of generating higher B+ and BF2+ beam currents at lower ion source power settings, and that the molecule can be used on the existing installed base of implanters without any major equipment modifications.

BACKGROUND Clusterin is a cytoprotective chaperone protein that promotes cell survival and confers broad-spectrum treatment resistance. OGX-011 is a 2'-methoxyethyl modified phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotide that is complementary to clusterin mRNA and has been reported to inhibit clusterin expression and enhance drug efficacy in xenograft models. The primary objective of this clinical study was to determine a biologically effective dose of OGX-011 that would inhibit clusterin expression in human cancer. METHODS Subjects (n = 25) with localized prostate cancer with high-risk features who were candidates for prostatectomy were treated with OGX-011 by 2-hour intravenous infusion on days 1, 3, and 5 and then weekly from days 8-29 combined with androgen blockade starting on day 1; prostatectomy was performed on days 30-36. Six different doses were tested, from 40 to 640 mg. OGX-011 plasma and prostate tissue concentrations were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, and the pharmacokinetics of OGX-011 were determined from these data. Prostate cancer tissue, lymph nodes, and serial samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were assessed for clusterin expression using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Only grade 1 and 2 toxicities were observed. The plasma half-life of OGX-011 was approximately 2-3 hours, and the area under the concentration versus time curve and CMAX (peak plasma concentration) increased proportionally with dose (Ptrend < .001). OGX-011 in prostate tissue increased with dose (Ptrend < .001). Dose-dependent decreases in prostate cancer and lymph node clusterin expression were observed by polymerase chain reaction of greater than 90% (Ptrend = .008 and Ptrend < .001, respectively) and by immunohistochemistry (Ptrend < .001 and Ptrend = .01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS OGX-011 is well tolerated and reduces clusterin expression in primary prostate tumors. The optimal biologic dose for OGX-011 at the schedule used is 640 mg.

Background: Microfracture is a frequently used technique for the repair of articular cartilage lesions of the knee. Despite the popularity of the technique, prospective information about the clinical results after microfracture is still limited. The purpose of our study was to identify the factors that affect the clinical outcome from this cartilage repair technique. Methods: Forty-eight symptomatic patients with isolated full-thickness articular cartilage defects of the femur in a stable knee were treated with the microfracture technique. Prospective evaluation of patient outcome was performed for a minimum follow-up of twenty-four months with a combination of validated outcome scores, subjective clinical rating, and cartilage-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging. Results: At the time of the latest follow-up, knee function was rated good to excellent for thirty-two patients (67%), fair for twelve patients (25%), and poor for four (8%). Significant increases in the activities of daily living scores, International Knee Documentation Committee scores, and the physical component score of the Short Form-36 were demonstrated after microfracture (p < 0.05). A lower body-mass index correlated with higher scores for the activities of daily living and SF-36 physical component, with the worst results for patients with a body-mass index of >30 kg/m2. Significant improvement in the activities of daily living score was more frequent with a preoperative duration of symptoms of less than twelve months (p < 0.05). Magnetic resonance imaging in twenty-four knees demonstrated good repair-tissue fill in the defect in thirteen patients (54%), moderate fill in seven (29%), and poor fill in four patients (17%). The fill grade correlated with the knee function scores. All knees with good fill demonstrated improved knee function, whereas poor fill grade was associated with limited improvement and decreasing functional scores after twenty-four months. Conclusions: Microfracture repair of articular cartilage lesions in the knee results in significant functional improvement at a minimum follow-up of two years. The best short-term results are observed with good fill grade, low body-mass index, and a short duration of preoperative symptoms. A high body-mass index adversely affects short-term outcome, and a poor fill grade is associated with limited short-term durability. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

We previously reported the mechanisms involved in the formation of Mallory–Denk bodies (MDBs) in mice fed DDC. To further provide clinical evidence as to how ubiquitin-like protein (Ubls) modification, gene transcript expression in Ufmylation and FATylation were investigated in human archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) liver biopsies and frozen liver sections from DDC re-fed mice were used. Real-time PCR analysis showed that all Ufmylation molecules (Ufm1, Uba5, Ufc1, Ufl1 and UfSPs) were significantly downregulated, both in DDC re-fed mice livers and patients' livers where MDBs had formed, indicating that gene transcript changes were limited to MDB-forming livers where the protein quality control system was downregulated. FAT10 and subunits of the immunoproteasome (LMP2 and LMP7) were both upregulated as previously shown. An approximate 176- and 5-fold upregulation (respectively) of FAT10 was observed in the DDC re-fed mice liver and in the livers of human alcoholic hepatitis with MDBs present, implying that there was an important role played by this gene. The FAT10-specific E1 and E2 enzymes Uba6 and USE1, however, were found to be downregulated both in patients' livers and in the liver of DDC re-fed mice. Interestedly, the downregulation of mRNA levels was proportionate to MDB abundance in the liver tissues. Our results show the first systematic demonstration of transcript regulation of Ufmylation and FATylation in the liver of patients who form MDBs, where protein quality control is downregulated. This was also shown in the livers of DDC re-fed mice where MDBs had formed.