OBJECTIVE:Scheltens' discrete scale is widely used for assessing brain atrophy but has limitations in subjectivity and tracking patient progression over short periods. Automated brain volumetry offers a more objective imaging approach for diagnosing neurodegenerative diseases. This retrospective study aims to correlate Scheltens' scale assessments with hippocampal and cerebrum volumes measured by volBrain, enhancing patient care. MATERIALS AND METHODS:This study involved 106 participants, including healthy volunteers and patients with mild cognitive impairment, all scanned using a standardized MRI protocol. Two radiologists assessed medial temporal lobe atrophy, while volBrain automated the volumetric measurements. Reliability between raters was evaluated using the intra-class correlation coefficient and Kappa analysis. Shapiro-Wilk test performed to evaluate the normality of data distribution, Spearman's, Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunn's ad hoc tests used to compare the Scheltens' scale with volumetric data. Receiver operating characteristic analysis performed for the radiologist evaluations and ordinal logistic regression used to model the probability of Schelten's scores with relative hippocampal volumes. RESULTS:Raters had almost perfect agreement. Scheltens' scale correlations with hippocampus volumetric measurements were strongly significant, but correlations with cerebrum volumetric measurements were weak. Automated brain volumetric software presented 82% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Ordinal logistic regression presented overall model significance. DISCUSSION:This study suggests that hippocampus relative volume is a sensitive biomarker for atrophy evaluation toward an advanced, medial lobe atrophy scale, providing clinicians with a precise and objective tool.

Daytime napping is used as a strategy to complement insufficient night-time sleep and improve daytime mental and physical performance. Massage can play a crucial role in promoting relaxation and wellness at various settings including the work place. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of two different types of manual massage sessions on day-time napping in poor sleepers. This was a randomized, single blind, placebo-controlled, three arm, interventional clinical trial. Fifteen participants (aged 21.6 ± 1.3 years) participated in three different conditions over one week apart: 1) 30-min Sports massage condition (ACT), 2) 30-min Relaxation massage condition (REL) and 3) control condition with no massage. Brain activity was monitored using a polysomnography EEG system, while vitals and relaxation/stress state were assessed by validated questionnaires and functional tests. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Score > 5 was used as cut off for distinguishing poor sleeper. Results showed significant differences between the three conditions, with muscle tone to be reduced by 7.2

Background:Sports massage is considered to improve muscle tone and flexibility and thus, overall, contribute to the improvement of athletes' performance. It is not yet clear whether pre- or post-warm-up sports massage can enhance athletes' performance. Additionally, while essential oils are believed to enhance the effects of massage, empirical evidence remains limited. Purpose:The present study aimed to evaluate the timing effect of pre-competition sports massage, using two different massage oils, on sprint performance. Methods:A total of 40 competitive male young sprint and multiple-sprint sport athletes were randomly divided into two groups-group 1: sports massage applied after the warm-up followed by a max 60-m sprint trial, group 2: sports massage before the warm-up followed by a max 60-m sprint trial. All participants were assessed in three different massage conditions: (i) control: usual warm-up, no massage; (ii) AEO: sports massage using activation essential oil; (iii) BO: sports massage using baby oil. Results:The results demonstrated a statistically significant main effect of massage on sprint performance, by reducing 60-m sprint time (F(2,78) = 5.304, p ≤ 0.005). Specifically, sprint performance improved (3.91%, p = 0.008) when the sport massage session took place after the athletes' warm-up (group 1) and when the AEO was applied (p = 0.004). Conclusion:A brief pre-competition sports massage, especially after the warm-up session and when AEO is applied, could be used as a complementary approach to help improve sprint performance.

Exposure index (EI) is a critical parameter in digital radiography, providing a quantitative measure of the radiation dose received by the detector. This review examines the significance of EI, methods for its determination, influencing factors, and clinical implications. Additionally, it explores challenges in standardization efforts and the role of emerging technologies, particularly artificial intelligence (AI), in optimizing exposure management. A comprehensive review of literature published over the last two decades was conducted using databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Studies addressing EI measurement, clinical applications, and advancements in exposure monitoring technology were analyzed. Guidelines from the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM), and the European Federation of Organizations for Medical Physics (EFOMP) were also reviewed to assess standardization efforts and best practices. Findings highlight the importance of EI in radiation dose optimization and quality control. Despite standardization initiatives, variations persist across manufacturers and imaging systems due to factors such as patient characteristics, beam energy, detector sensitivity, and post-processing algorithms. Artificial intelligence-driven exposure monitoring systems have shown promise in enhancing EI accuracy and enabling real-time dose adjustments. Artificial intelligence technologies have the potential to revolutionize EI utilization by enabling automated exposure optimization, real-time monitoring, and predictive analytics. Future efforts should focus on refining AI algorithms, ensuring cross-platform standardization, and enhancing radiographer training to fully integrate AI into EI-based radiation safety protocols.

Background: Technical innovations have spread the use of ionizing radiation in daily clinical practice. About one third to half medical decisions are guided by radiological examinations. This review aims to evaluate current literature relating non-radiologists physicians' knowledge and practices of radiation safety. Method and Material: A literature search from the MEDLINE and CINAHL databases was performed where original articles were retrieved, published in the English language from the past 10 years. Results: While almost all physicians use lead aprons not all of them use thyroid protectors and very few of them use lead gowns and goggles. Also the majority of physicians do not use a dosimeter badge. The major reason for not using radiation protection equipment is their unavailability. Physicians have low levels of knowledge about radiological safety. Longer length of service, having attended a radiation protection and safety course, increased frequency of ordering imaging per day and specialty are factors that affect positively physicians’ level of knowledge. Although occupational radiation exposure has been associated with leukemia and nonmalignant thyroid nodular disease, increased risk of cancer, cataract, headache and fatigue, eye symptoms with most common the red eyes, very few physicians have read articles on radiation safety or have received training. Conclusions: The inadequate level of radiation knowledge can lead to increased radiation exposure and risk for complications to healthcare professionals and patients. Healthcare organizations must ensure the adequate procurement of personal protective equipment so it is available to physicians who use ionizing radiation.

Background: Comparison of three different sagittal sequences with fat suppression in the lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), evaluating several image characteristics and changing the phase direction. Materials and Methods: Forty-five subjects (20 males, 25 females, mean age 50 years old) participated in this retrospective study in an MRI machine of 1.5 Tesla (GE Signa Hdx). We compared three fat-saturated sequences {T2 Weighted (T2W) Fast Spin Echo (FSE) Fat Saturation (FS) with phase direction superior-inferior (S/I), T2W Short Tau Inversion Recovery (STIR) with phase direction superior-inferior (S/I) and T2W STIR with phase direction (A/P)}. A qualitative analysis was performed, while two experienced radiologists evaluated the images. The statistical analysis was determined by Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test. Results: The T2W FSE FS was superior in almost all studied parameters {total image quality, presence of artifacts, artifacts in 4th lumbar vertebra (L4) - 1st Sacral vertebra (S1), depiction of lesions on vertebral bodies, depiction of lesions on L4-S1 region, sharpness} in comparison with T2W STIR sequences with statistically significant difference (p<0.001). The STIR sequences exceeded the T2W FSE FS in the fat saturation effectiveness with a statistically significant difference (p<0.001). Conclusion: The T2 Weighted (T2W) Fast Spin Echo (FSE) Fat Saturation (FS) was superior in the depiction of pathology and normal anatomy, eliminating many artifacts in comparison with T2 Short Tau Inversion Recovery (STIR) sequences, especially in the L4 vertebra- S1 vertebra anatomic region, between three under-study sequences. Choosing the appropriate sagittal fat-saturated sequence in each clinical question is useful to avoid misdiagnosis due to technical artifacts.

Introduction Deep knowledge of the properties and importance of the Exposure Index (EI) is crucial for delivering high-quality digital radiography images. This study aims to assess the EI on chest posterior anterior (PA) radiographic projection, demonstrating its correlation with parameters, such as body mass index (BMI), source-to-object distance (SOD), age, gender, and patient entrance skin dose (ESD). Methods The study population included 805 patients who underwent a routine PA chest projection. All data were collected on an Agfa imaging system. Height and weight were also measured, and BMI was calculated. Descriptive statistics was used for data analysis, and inferential statistics was used for correlation analysis between EI, gender, age, ESD and BMI. Results Over half (56.4%) of the study's participants were males; throughout the multivariate statistical correlation, increasing age was associated with increasing EI only in the female population (p=0.001). Ιn the lower BMI population subgroup, an increase in the SOD was associated with a decrease in the EI (p<0.001). Increasing BMI was associated with decreasing EI, while increasing ESD was linked to increased EI, except for those with lower or higher BMI, where no statistically significant relationship was observed (p=0.403 and p=0.445, respectively). Conclusion Analysis of the intercorrelation between important parameters such as the EI, BMI, ESD, SOD, age and gender can prove useful for radiographers, offering the ability to deliver high-quality diagnostic chest images, whilst also establishing the EI as an important and highly significant factor.

This software assistant aims at calculating the dose-response relations of tumors and normal tissues, or clinically assessing already determined values by other researchers. It can also indicate the optimal dose prescription by optimizing the expected treatment outcome. The software is developed solely in python programming language, and it employs PSFL license for its Graphical User Interface (GUI), NUMPY, MATPLOTLIB, and SCIPY libraries. It comprises of two components. The first is the Dose-response relations derivation component, which takes as input the dose volume histograms (DVHs) of patients and their recorded responses regarding a given clinical endpoint to determine the parameters of different tumor control probability (TCP) or normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models. The second is the Treatment Plan Assessment component, which uses the DVHs of a plan and the dose-response parameters values of the involved tumors and organs at risk (OARs) to calculate their expected responses. Additionally, the overall probabilities of benefit (PB), injury (PI) and complication-free tumor control (P+) are calculated. The software calculates rapidly the corresponding generalized equivalent uniform doses (gEUD) and biologically effective uniform doses (D‾‾) for the Lyman-Kutcher-Burman (LKB), parallel volume (PV) and relative seriality (RS) models respectively, determining the model parameters. In the Dose-Response Relations Derivation component, the software plots the dose-response curves of the irradiated organ with the relevant confidence internals along with the data of the patients with and without toxicity. It also calculates the odds ratio (OR) and the area under the curve (AUC) of different dose metrics or model parameter values against the individual patient outcomes to determine their discrimination capacity. It also performs a goodness-of-fit evaluation of any model parameter set. The user has the option of viewing plots like Scatter, 3D surfaces, and Bootstrap plots. In the Treatment Plan Assessment part, the software calculates the TCP and NTCP values of the involved tumors and OARs, respectively. Furthermore, it plots the dose-response curves of the TCPs, NTCPs, PB, PI, and P+ for a range of prescription doses for different treatment plans. The presented software is ideal for efficiently conducting studies of radiobiological modeling. Furthermore, it is ideal for performing treatment plan assessment, comparison, and optimization studies.

The temperature of the environment affects strongly the light output produced by scintillators under X-ray irradiation. Knowledge of this behavior is important in order to integrate a specific scintillator within detectors for harsh environments. The influence of temperature is also of importance when hygroscopic materials are under investigation. In this study, the influence of environmental temperature on the performance of a hygroscopic Cerium Bromide-CeBr3 scintillating crystal was examined. Luminescence efficiency results were compared with similar obtained data for a calcium-fluoride-CaF2 scintillating crystal, under X-ray flux and temperatures ranging from 26 to 155C. An X-ray source typical for medical applications (CPI-CMP 200 DR) was used. The source was set to 90 kVp. The light flux of the examined crystal was found to constantly decrease, with increasing temperature (37.94 efficiency units at a temperature of 26 °C to 9.73 efficiency units at 155 °C). The competitive CaF2:Eu crystals showed 20.71 efficiency units at a temperature of 26 °C which is clearly lower that the corresponding value of CeBr3. Knowledge of the performance of scintillating materials, such as that of CeBr3 is of importance for the development of digital detectors in various disciplines (harsh environments up to medical-imaging).

Background: Microglial activation is considered to assume a role in the pathogenesis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). To date, the relationship between ALS and the rs3865444 polymorphism of the cluster of differentiation 33 (CD33) has not been explored. The current report aimed to investigate the potential connection between CD33 rs3865444 and ALS. Methods: Patients diagnosed with sporadic ALS according to the revised El Escorial criteria, as well as age and sex matched community controls, were enrolled. Two evenly numbered, age and sex matched groups of 155 participants each were genotyped. Results: No association was found between rs3865444 and ALS [log-additive odds ratio (OR) = 0.83 (0.57, 1.22), over-dominant OR = 0.86 (0.55, 1.36), recessive OR = 0.73 (0.25, 2.17), dominant OR = 0.82 (0.52, 1.29), co-dominant OR1 = 0.68 (0.23, 2.05) and co-dominant OR2 = 0.84 (0.53, 1.33)]. Moreover, no relationship was established between rs3865444 and the age of ALS onset based on both unadjusted and sex adjusted Cox-proportional hazards models. Finally, no association between rs3865444 and ALS was found in subgroup analyses based on the site of ALS onset (bulbar or spinal) and sex. Conclusions: The current analysis is the first to report that rs3865444 is not linked to ALS. Larger multi-racial studies are required to confirm these findings.

Purpose: This study aims at determining the parameter values of three normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models for the contralateral parotid gland, contralateral submandibular gland (SMG) and contralateral salivary glands regarding the endpoint of xerostomia 6-24 months after radiotherapy for oropharynx cancer.Methods: The treatment and outcome data of 231 patients with favorable risk, HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma are analyzed. 60 Gy intensity modulated radiotherapy was delivered to all the patients. The presence and severity of xerostomia was recorded (pre- and post- radiotherapy) by the PRO-CTCAE and the CTCAE scoring systems. In both scoring systems, patients with a change in symptom severity (from baseline) of >= 2 were considered responders.Results: Xerostomia was observed in 61.3 %, 39.2 %, 28.6 % and 27.0 % of the patients based on the PRO-CTCAE scoring system at 6-, 12-, 18- and 24-months post-RT, respectively. The AUCs of the contralateral salivary glands ranged between 0.58-0.64 in the LKB model with the gEUD ranging between 20.3 Gy and 24.7 Gy.Conclusions: Based on the PRO-CTCAE scores, mean dose < 22 Gy, V50 < 10 % for the contralateral salivary glands and mean dose < 18 Gy, V45 < 10 % for the contralateral parotid were found to significantly reduce by a factor of 2-3 the risk for radiation induced xerostomia that is observed at 6-24 months post-RT, respectively. Also, gEUD < 22 Gy to the contralateral salivary glands and < 18 Gy to the contralateral parotid was found to significantly reduce the risk for radiation induced xerostomia that is observed at 6-24 months post-RT by 2.0-2.3 times.

OBJECTIVE:EPI DWI is a routinely used sequence in brain imaging but it has limitations when it comes to SNR and artifact reduction. PROPELLER DWI has the benefit of improving image quality compared to EPI DWI. The aim of this study is to compare the EPI DWI sequence in brain MR imaging with the PROPELLER DWI sequence. The objective is to identify which sequence is more beneficial in brain imaging by evaluating image quality and the depiction of pathologies.MATERIALS AND METHODS:A total of 101 patients (55 females and 46 males, mean age 56 years) underwent brain MRI examination on a 1.5 T scanner. EPI DWI and PROPELLER DWI sequences were acquired in every exam and were reviewed by 2 radiologists. The images were evaluated by performing a quantitative analysis based on Relative Contrast and a qualitative analysis (overall image quality, conspicuousness of lesions, artifact reduction, etc.).RESULTS:In both the qualitative and quantitative analysis PROPELLER DWI achieved better results than EPI DWI. PROPELLER DWI showed statistical significance in the overall image quality (P < 0.001), the elimination of susceptibility (P < 0.001) and flow pulsation artifacts (P < 0.001), as well as in the contrast between CSF with white (P < 0.001) and grey matter (P < 0.001). Also, PROPELLER DWI presented better delineation of pathologies like ischemic strokes, metastasis, tumors and vasogenic edemas than conventional EPI DWI.CONCLUSION:PROPELLER DWI was the preferred sequence during the image evaluation. Compared to EPI DWI, PROPELLER DWI managed to reduce susceptibility and flow pulsation whilst achieving higher image quality and lesion delineation and earlier depiction of ischemic strokes than the conventional EPI DWI. PROPELLER DWI may be incorporated in brain MR imaging replacing EPI DWI.

Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Intradialytic aerobic exercise training has a beneficial effect on cardiovascular system function and reduces mortality in HD patients. However, the impact of other forms of exercise on the cardiovascular system, such as hybrid exercise, is not clear. Briefly, hybrid exercise combines aerobic and strength training in the same session. The present study examined whether hybrid intradialytic exercise has long-term benefits on left ventricular function and structure and the autonomous nervous system in HD patients. In this single-group design, efficacy-based intervention, twelve stable HD patients (10M/2F, 56 ± 19 years) participated in a nine-month-long hybrid intradialytic training program. Both echocardiographic assessments of left ventricular function and structure and heart rate variability (HRV) were assessed pre, during and after the end of the HD session at baseline and after the nine-month intervention. Ejection Fraction (EF), both assessed before and at the end of the HD session, appeared to be significantly improved after the intervention period compared to the baseline values (48.7 ± 11.1 vs. 58.8 ± 6.5, p = 0.046 and 50.0 ± 13.4 vs. 56.1 ± 3.4, p = 0.054 respectively). Regarding HRV assessment, hybrid exercise training increased LF and decreased HF (p < 0.05). Both conventional Doppler and tissue Doppler imaging indices of diastolic function did not change after the intervention period (p > 0.05). In conclusion, long-term intradialytic hybrid exercise training was an effective non-pharmacological approach to improving EF and the cardiac autonomous nervous system in HD patients. Such exercise training programs could be incorporated into HD units to improve the patients’ cardiovascular health.

Crystal scintillators are employed in a variety of applications in order to convert X-rays or gamma rays to visible radiation. The performance of a scintillator is strongly dependent on several factors such as pressure, temperature and radiation fluxes. In this study, the absolute luminescence efficiency (AE) dependence of LaCl3:Ce scintillator with temperature was investigated. A single cubic-shaped crystal with dimensions of 10 × 10 × 10 mm3 was irradiated by X-rays (90 kVp, 63 mAs). The measurements were obtained with the temperature ranging from 29 to 162 °C. As temperature increases, the luminescence efficiency, in the range 29-84 °C, decreases due to thermal quenching, with the AE values ranging from 33.14 to 17.96 E.U. (efficiency units-E.U.). From 84 to 162 °C, the luminescence efficiency is little affected by the increase of the temperature, as the AE values remain almost constant (17.96 to 17.88 E.U.). From the measured luminescence efficiency values, we may conclude that LaCl3:Ce scintillator could be considered as a suitable choice for applications at harsh environments, since the efficiency of the crystal exhibited a 47% decrease from 29 °C temperature to the maximum examined.

Cerebral vasospasm (CV) or delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) constitutes the main reason for the unfavorable outcomes of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). The present retrospective cohort study, through an evaluation with computed tomography (CT) perfusion (CTP), aimed to examine the utility of an intravenous or oral administration of sildenafil in preventing DCI that develops due to vasospasm in these patients. A retrospective cohort study was conducted, which included 34 patients in a tertiary care hospital. Of these patients, 18 were males (52.9%), and the median age was 54.4 years. Of these patients, 18 (52.9%) had undergone surgery, and 16 (47.1%) had an endovascular procedure. CTP was performed on the 3rd to the 6th day. The clinical outcome was documented at 30 days using a CT scan and a complete neurological evaluation, including the Glasgow Coma Scale assessment. There was a statistically significant difference in the number of patients who developed an ischemic event at 1 month between those who did not receive sildenafil compared to those who received sildenafil (P<0.05). In addition, the multivariate analysis revealed that cerebral blood flow was an independent factor for detecting an ischemic event in 1 month (P=0.001). On the whole, the findings of the present study indicate that the intravenous or oral administration of sildenafil may be beneficial for the prevention of DCI.

Accurate diagnosis and timely intervention are key to addressing common knee conditions effectively. In this work, we aim to identify textural changes in knee lesions based on bone marrow edema (BME), injury (INJ), and osteoarthritis (OST). One hundred and twenty-one MRI knee examinations were selected. Cases were divided into three groups based on radiological findings: forty-one in the BME, thirty-seven in the INJ, and forty-three in the OST groups. From each ROI, eighty-one radiomic descriptors were calculated, encoding texture information. The results suggested differences in the texture characteristics of regions of interest (ROIs) extracted from PD-FSE and STIR sequences. We observed that the ROIs associated with BME exhibited greater local contrast and a wider range of structural diversity compared to the ROIs corresponding to OST. When it comes to STIR sequences, the ROIs related to BME showed higher uniformity in terms of both signal intensity and the variability of local structures compared to the INJ ROIs. A combined radiomic descriptor managed to achieve a high separation ability, with AUC of 0.93 ± 0.02 in the test set. Radiomics analysis may provide a non-invasive and quantitative means to assess the spatial distribution and heterogeneity of bone marrow edema, aiding in its early detection and characterization.

Knowledge of the influence of environmental temperature on the light signal of single-crystals is important upon their integration on detector modules that will be used in harsh-environments. To this aim the performance of a hygroscopic CeBr3 single crystal was measured and compared with a non-hygroscopic calcium-fluoride (CaF2) single crystal, under similar X-ray irradiation and temperature experimental conditions. A medical CPI series X-ray source (CMP 200 DR) was used and irradiated at a setting of 90kV. The optical photons flux emitted by the crystal was examined in the temperature range from 26 to 155 Celsius. CeBr3 crystal's light flux was found to decrease constantly, as the temperature increased (37.94 E.U. at temperature of 26°C to 9.73 E.U. at 155 °C). The corresponding value of CaF2:Eu at 26°C is 20.71 E.U., showing the superiority of CeBr3. The thermal performance of luminescence materials, such as CeBr3 is useful prior to integration of the detector in modalities ranging from medical-imaging up to harsh environmental applications.

The aim of this study was to examine the luminescence efficiency behavior of ZnSe:Te single crystals under different temperature conditions. The crystal output was compared to CaF2:Eu data under similar experimental conditions. For the experiments, a CPI series CMP 200 DR medical X-ray tube (exposure of 89.83 mR) was used to excite the crystal and record the produced light in a temperature range from 20°C to 140°C. The luminescence efficiency of ZnSe:Te decreases constantly with increasing temperature (8.8 efficiency units – EU at room temperature 20°C, up to 1.56 EU at 140°C), following a similar pattern to previously examined crystals (CaF2:Eu), however from a different starting point, due to the inherent properties and possibly to the production characteristics of the particular material sample. Data on the thermal behavior of scintillators, such as the materials in question, are useful for a variety of applications, from medical imaging to detectors for extreme environmental conditions.

The genetic basis of migraine is rather complex. The rs2651899 in the PR/SET domain 16 (PRDM16) gene, the rs10166942 near the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8 (TRPM8) gene, and the rs11172113 in the LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) gene, have been associated with migraine in a genome-wide association study (GWAS). However, data from subsequent studies examining the role of these variants and their relationship with migraine remain inconclusive. The aim of the present study was to meta-analyze the published data assessing the role of these polymorphisms in migraine, migraine with aura (MA), and migraine without aura (MO). We performed a search in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Public Health Genomics and Precision Health Knowledge Base (v7.7) databases. In total, eight, six, and six studies were included in the quantitative analysis, for the rs2651899, rs10166942, and rs11172113, respectively. Cochran’s Q and I2 tests were used to calculate the heterogeneity. The random effects (RE) model was applied when high heterogeneity was observed; otherwise, the fixed effects (FE) model was applied. The odds ratios (ORs) and the respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the effect of each variant on migraine. Funnel plots were created to graphically assess publication bias. A significant association was revealed for the CC genotype of the rs2651899, with the overall migraine group (RE model OR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.02–1.73; p-value = 0.04) and the MA subgroup (FE model OR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.12–1.74; p-value = 0.003). The rs10166942 CT genotype was associated with increased migraine risk (FE model OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.18–1.57; p-value < 0.0001) and increased MO risk (FE model OR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.17–1.69; p-value = 0.0003). No association was detected for the rs11172113. The rs2651899 and the rs10166942 have an effect on migraine. Larger studies are needed to dissect the role of these variants in migraine.