Motivated by the recent observation of the open-charm tetraquark T-c(s(sic)0)a(2327) by the LHCb Collaboration, as well as results from Lattice QCD calculations, we consider the T-c(s(sic)0)a(2327) and the D-s(0)& lowast;(2317) as DKmolecular states, with I(JP) equal to 1(0(+)) and 0(0(+)), respectively, and we investigate their strong decay behavior in an effective Lagrangian approach. Within the model parameter range, we can reproduce the T-c(s(sic)0)a(2327) experimental decay width, with the assumption that the D-s(0)& lowast; is the dominant decay channel of the T-s(sic)0(a+)(2327). In the same parameter range, we can establish a stringent limitation for the decay width of the D-s(0)& lowast;(2317), which is (63.0-209) keV being significantly smaller than the PDG upper limit value.

Abstract Motivated by the recent observation of the open-charm tetraquark $$T_{c\bar{s}0}^{a}(2327)$$ T c s ¯ 0 a ( 2327 ) by the LHCb Collaboration, as well as results from Lattice QCD calculations, we consider the $$T_{c\bar{s}0}^{a}(2327)$$ T c s ¯ 0 a ( 2327 ) and the $$D_{s0}^{*}(2317)$$ D s 0 ∗ ( 2317 ) as DK molecular states, with $$I(J^{P})$$ I ( J P ) equal to $$1(0^{+})$$ 1 ( 0 + ) and $$0(0^{+})$$ 0 ( 0 + ) , respectively, and we investigate their strong decay behavior in an effective Lagrangian approach. Within the model parameter range, we can reproduce the $$T_{c\bar{s}0}^{a}(2327)$$ T c s ¯ 0 a ( 2327 ) experimental decay width, with the assumption that the $$D_{s}^{+}\pi ^{0}$$ D s + π 0 is the dominant decay channel of the $$T_{c\bar{s}0}^{a+}(2327)$$ T c s ¯ 0 a + ( 2327 ) . In the same parameter range, we can establish a stringent limitation for the decay width of the $$D_{s0}^{*}(2317)$$ D s 0 ∗ ( 2317 ) , which is $$(63.0-209)~\textrm{keV}$$ ( 63.0 - 209 ) keV being significantly smaller than the PDG upper limit value.

Motivated by the recent observation of the open-charm tetraquark T_cs̅0^a(2327) by the LHCb Collaboration, as well as results from Lattice QCD calculations, we consider the T_cs̅0^a(2327) and the D_s0^*(2317) as DK molecular states, with I(J^P) equal to 1(0^+) and 0(0^+), respectively, and we investigate their strong decay behavior in an effective Lagrangian approach. Within the model parameter range, we can reproduce the T_cs̅0^a(2327) experimental decay width, with the assumption that the D_s^+π^0 is the dominant decay channel of the T_cs̅0^a+(2327). In the same parameter range, we can establish a stringent limitation for the decay width of the D_s0^*(2317), which is (63.0-209) keV being significantly smaller than the PDG upper limit value.

Motivated by the recent observation of the open-charm tetraquark T-cs0(a)(2327) by the LHCb Collaboration, as well as results from Lattice QCD calculations, we consider the T-cs0(a)(2327) and the D-s0(& lowast;)(2317) as DKmolecular states, with I(JP) equal to 1(0(+)) and 0(0(+)), respectively, and we investigate their strong decay behavior in an effective Lagrangian approach. Within the model parameter range, we can reproduce the T-cs0(a)(2327) experimental decay width, with the assumption that the D-s(+)pi r(0) is the dominant decay channel of the T-cs0(a+ ) (2327). In the same parameter range, we can establish a stringent limitation for the decay width of the D-s0(& lowast;)(2317), which is (63.0-209) keV being significantly smaller than the PDG upper limit value.

Motivated by the recent observation of the open-charm tetraquark $$T_{c\bar{s}0}^{a}(2327)$$ T c s ¯ 0 a ( 2327 ) by the LHCb Collaboration, as well as results from Lattice QCD calculations, we consider the $$T_{c\bar{s}0}^{a}(2327)$$ T c s ¯ 0 a ( 2327 ) and the $$D_{s0}^{*}(2317)$$ D s 0 ∗ ( 2317 ) as DK molecular states, with $$I(J^{P})$$ I ( J P ) equal to $$1(0^{+})$$ 1 ( 0 + ) and $$0(0^{+})$$ 0 ( 0 + ) , respectively, and we investigate their strong decay behavior in an effective Lagrangian approach. Within the model parameter range, we can reproduce the $$T_{c\bar{s}0}^{a}(2327)$$ T c s ¯ 0 a ( 2327 ) experimental decay width, with the assumption that the $$D_{s}^{+}\pi ^{0}$$ D s + π 0 is the dominant decay channel of the $$T_{c\bar{s}0}^{a+}(2327)$$ T c s ¯ 0 a + ( 2327 ) . In the same parameter range, we can establish a stringent limitation for the decay width of the $$D_{s0}^{*}(2317)$$ D s 0 ∗ ( 2317 ) , which is $$(63.0-209)~\textrm{keV}$$ ( 63.0 - 209 ) keV being significantly smaller than the PDG upper limit value.

Evidence of a particle made up of four tightly bound quarks tests physicists’ understanding of the force that holds protons and neutrons together. Evidence of a particle made up of four tightly bound quarks tests physicists’ understanding of the force that holds protons and neutrons together.

A bstract We develop the formalism for production of a fully heavy tetraquark and apply it to the calculation of pp → T 4 c + X cross-sections. We demonstrate that the production cross-section of a fully heavy tetraquark, even if it is a diquark-antidiquark cluster, can be obtained in the meson-like basis, for which the spin-color projection technique is well established. Prompted by the recent LHCb, ATLAS and CMS data, we perform a pQCD calculation of $$ \mathcal{O} $$ O ( $$ {\alpha}_s^5 $$ α s 5 ) short-distance factors in the dominant channel of gluon fusion, and match these to the four-body T 4 c wave functions in order to obtain the unpolarized T 4 c (0 ++ , 1 + − , 2 ++ ) cross-sections. The novelty in comparison with the recently published article [1] lies in the fact that we predict the absolute values as well as the dσ/dp T spectra in the kinematic ranges accessible at the ongoing LHC experiments. From the comparison with the signal yield at LHCb we derive the constraints on the Φ · Br( J/ψ J/ψ ) (reduced wave function times branching) product for the T 4 c candidates for X (6900) and observe that X (6900) is compatible with a 2 ++ (2 S ) state.

Inspired by the abundant structure near the threshold of the D(*)K(*)/(D) over bar(*)K(*), we estimate the strong decay properties of the T-c (d) over bar1(f/a) and T-(c) over bar(s) over bar1(f/a) with I(JP)=0/1(1(+)) in DK* and (D) over barK*} molecular scenarios in the present paper. By employing the effective Lagrangian approach, the widths of the processes T-c (d) over bar1(f)-> D*K,D-s*eta,DK pi,TTc (d) over bar1a -> D*K,D-s*pi,DK pi, and T-(c) over bar(s) over bar1(f/a)->(D) over bar *K,(D) over barK pi are estimated. Considering the present estimations, we propose to search for T(c (s) over bar1)(f/)a states in D*K and D-s*pi/D-s*eta mass invariant spectra. Their ratios may serve as an important test of the molecular scenario.

Inspired by the abundant structure near the threshold of the D^(*)K^(*)/D̅^(*)K^(*), we estimate the strong decay properties of the T_cs̅1^f/a and T_c̅s̅1^f/a with I(J^P)=0/1(1^+) in DK^* and D̅K^* molecular scenarios in the present paper. By employing the effective Lagrangian approach, the widths of the processes T_cs̅1^f→ D^*K, D_s^*η , DKπ , T_cs̅1^a→ D^*K, D_s^*π , DKπ , and T_c̅s̅1^f/a→D̅^*K, D̅Kπ are estimated. Considering the present estimations, we propose to search for T_cs̅1^f/a states in D^*K and D_s^*π /D_s^*η mass invariant spectra. Their ratios may serve as an important test of the molecular scenario.

Abstract Inspired by the abundant structure near the threshold of the $$D^{(*)}K^{(*)}/\bar{D}^{(*)}K^{(*)},$$ D ( ∗ ) K ( ∗ ) / D ¯ ( ∗ ) K ( ∗ ) , we estimate the strong decay properties of the $$T_{c\bar{s}1}^{f/a}$$ T c s ¯ 1 f / a and $$T_{\bar{c}\bar{s}1}^{f/a}$$ T c ¯ s ¯ 1 f / a with $$I(J^{P})=0/1(1^{+})$$ I ( J P ) = 0 / 1 ( 1 + ) in $$DK^{*}$$ D K ∗ and $$\bar{D}K^{*}$$ D ¯ K ∗ molecular scenarios in the present paper. By employing the effective Lagrangian approach, the widths of the processes $$T_{c\bar{s}1}^{f}\rightarrow D^{*}K, D_{s}^{*}\eta , DK\pi ,$$ T c s ¯ 1 f → D ∗ K , D s ∗ η , D K π , $$T_{c\bar{s}1}^{a}\rightarrow D^{*}K, D_{s}^{*}\pi , DK\pi ,$$ T c s ¯ 1 a → D ∗ K , D s ∗ π , D K π , and $$T_{\bar{c}\bar{s}1}^{f/a}\rightarrow \bar{D}^{*}K, \bar{D}K\pi $$ T c ¯ s ¯ 1 f / a → D ¯ ∗ K , D ¯ K π are estimated. Considering the present estimations, we propose to search for $$T_{c\bar{s}1}^{f/a}$$ T c s ¯ 1 f / a states in $$D^{*}K$$ D ∗ K and $$D_{s}^{*}\pi /D_{s}^{*}\eta $$ D s ∗ π / D s ∗ η mass invariant spectra. Their ratios may serve as an important test of the molecular scenario.

We give an updated view of the status and prospects of heavy-ion double charge exchange (HI-DCE) reaction studies performed at the Laboratori Nazionali del Sud of the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN-LNS) in the context of the NUMEN project. The important role of HI-DCE for nuclear reaction, nuclear structure and double beta-decay investigations is outlined. A powerful way to scrutinize the nuclear response to HI-DCE is to consistently link it to the information extracted from the competing direct reactions pointing to a multi-channel description of the whole network of quasi-elastic processes. Indeed, these complementary studies are mandatory in order to minimize the systematic errors in the data analyses and build a many-facets and parameter-free representation of the systems under study.

We present a study of the spectra and strong decay widths of singly heavy baryons. The masses of singly heavy baryons up to the D-wave are calculated within a constituent quark model, employing the three-quark and quarkdiquark schemes. In this contribution, we discuss the possible assignment of the recently discovered Ωc(3327)0, Ξb(6327)0, and Ξb(6333)0 as D-wave excited states in the charm and bottom sectors, respectively. Additionally, we discuss why the presence or absence of the ρ-mode excitations in the experimental spectrum is the key to distinguishing between the quark-diquark and three-quark behaviors.

We calculate the 1D, 2P, and 2S mass spectra of the singly bottom baryons and their strong decay widths. The calculations are performed within a harmonic oscillator quark model that incorporates the spin, spin-orbit, isospin, and flavor interactions. To obtain the model parameters, we conducted a fit using only 13 of the 22 experimentally observed states. Our predictions align well with the observed states, showing a root-mean-square deviation of 9.6 MeV. We calculate the three-quark strong decay widths within the P-3(0) model, which has only one free parameter, the pair creation strength gamma(0); this is the first time that the Lambda(b)eta, Sigma(b rho), Sigma(b)*rho, Lambda(b)eta', Lambda(b)omega, Xi K-b, Xi(b)'K, Xi(b)*K, Xi K-b*, Xi(b)'K*, and Xi(b)*K* channels have been considered in the calculation of the strong decay widths of the excited Lambda b states; the Sigma(b)eta, Xi K-b, Sigma(b)rho, Sigma(b)*rho, Lambda(b)rho, Sigma(b)*eta, Sigma(b)eta', Sigma(b)eta', Xi(b)'K , Xi(b)*K , Xi K-b*, Xi(b)'K*, Xi(b)*K*, Sigma(b)omega, Sigma(b)*omega, Sigma B-8(s), Delta B, N(1520)B, N(1535)B, N(1680)B, and N(1720)B channels in the calculation of the strong decay widths of the excited Sigma(b) states; the Lambda K-b*, Xi(b)rho, Xi(b)'rho , Xi(b)*rho, Sigma K-b*, Sigma(b)*K*, Xi(b)eta', Xi(b)eta', Xi(b)*eta', Xi(b)omega , Xi(b)'omega, Xi(b)*omega, Xi(b)phi , Xi(b)'phi, Xi(b)*phi, Xi B-8(s), Sigma B-8*, and Sigma(10) B channels in the calculation of the strong decay widths of the excited Xi(b) and Xi(b)' states; the Xi K-b*, Xi K-b*, Xi(b)*K*, Omega(b)eta, Omega(b)*eta, Omega(b)phi, Omega(b)*phi, Omega(b)eta', Omega b*eta' , Xi B-8, and Xi B-10 channels in the calculation of the strong decay widths of the Omega(b) states. Moreover, in Appendix D, we give the flavor couplings that can be useful for other articles. In Appendix E, our partial decay widths are reported for each open flavor channel; these may be useful to the LHCb, ATLAS, and CMS experimentalists in order to plan in which particular channels to look for missing bottom baryons. The experimental masses and widths of the discovered Lambda(b) (6146)(0) and Lambda(b) (6152)(0) states are consistent with our mass and width predictions for the D-lambda excitations with quantum numbers J(P) = 3/2+ and J(P) = 5/2+, respectively. Moreover, the masses and widths of the new Xi(b) (6327)(0) and Xi(b)(6333)(0) states 2 agree with our calculations for the D-lambda excitations with quantum numbers J(P) = 3/2+ and J(P) = 5/2+, respectively. Finally, we calculate the electromagnetic decay widths from P- wave states to ground states. We give the exact analytical expressions of the spin-flip and orbit-flip transition amplitudes, both of which are functions of the photon-transferred momentum. The electromagnetic decays are dominant when the strong decays are suppressed. A relevant case is the Omega(-)(b) missing spin excitation, with J(P) = 3/2+, which cannot decay strongly, but has a nonvanishing predicted electromagnetic decay width in the Omega(-)(b)gamma channel. Therefore, we suggest the Omega(-)(b)gamma electromagnetic decay channel as a golden channel in which to search for this state. In all of our calculations, we report the uncertainties related to the experimental and model errors by means of the Monte Carlo bootstrap method.

. - A full-comprehensive study of heavy-ion induced nuclear reac-tions is a powerful tool to characterize nuclear mean-field features as well as few-nucleon correlations in low-lying nuclear states. In this context, the investigation of 76Se(18O,17O)75Se and 76Se(18O,19F)75As transfer reactions was performed with the NUMEN project, aiming at providing data-driven information to constrain nu-clear structure models for the 76Se nucleus. This nucleus is under investigation since it is the daughter nucleus of 76Ge in the neutrinoless double beta decay (0 nu 1313) pro-cess. The experiment was performed at INFN-LNS where the 18O beam impinged the 76Se target and the reaction ejectiles were momentum analyzed by the MAGNEX magnetic spectrometer.

This document presents the initial scientific case for upgrading the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at Jefferson Lab (JLab) to 22 GeV. It is the result of a community effort, incorporating insights from a series of workshops conducted between March 2022 and April 2023. With a track record of over 25 years in delivering the world's most intense and precise multi-GeV electron beams, CEBAF's potential for a higher energy upgrade presents a unique opportunity for an innovative nuclear physics program, which seamlessly integrates a rich historical background with a promising future. The proposed physics program encompass a diverse range of investigations centered around the nonperturbative dynamics inherent in hadron structure and the exploration of strongly interacting systems. It builds upon the exceptional capabilities of CEBAF in high-luminosity operations, the availability of existing or planned Hall equipment, and recent advancements in accelerator technology. The proposed program cover various scientific topics, including Hadron Spectroscopy, Partonic Structure and Spin, Hadronization and Transverse Momentum, Spatial Structure, Mechanical Properties, Form Factors and Emergent Hadron Mass, Hadron-Quark Transition, and Nuclear Dynamics at Extreme Conditions, as well as QCD Confinement and Fundamental Symmetries. Each topic highlights the key measurements achievable at a 22 GeV CEBAF accelerator. Furthermore, this document outlines the significant physics outcomes and unique aspects of these programs that distinguish them from other existing or planned facilities. In summary, this document provides an exciting rationale for the energy upgrade of CEBAF to 22 GeV, outlining the transformative scientific potential that lies within reach, and the remarkable opportunities it offers for advancing our understanding of hadron physics and related fundamental phenomena.

Background: A systematic exploration of one-nucleon transfer reactions induced by the (18O, 19F) and (18O, 17O) reactions on different targets (12C, 16O, 27Al, 40Ca, 48Ti, 76Se, 116Sn) is being performed at the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (INFN-LNS) at beam energies higher than Coulomb barrier. A featured aspect is the adoption of a multichannel reaction approach, where several quasielastic processes are studied consistently from both the experiment and theory sides. Resembling the case of light -ion induced direct reactions, for which a large amount of data exists, the multichannel heavy-ion direct reaction is a powerful tool to characterize nuclear mean field as well as few-nucleon correlations in low-lying nuclear states. In this view, the study of different reaction mechanisms and nuclear structure models helps to characterize the nuclear wave functions and accurately scrutinize the parameters that control the uncertainties in the calculations of nuclear matrix elements (NMEs). In this context, special attention is recently paid to NMEs involved in second -order isotensor processes such as double charge exchange (DCE) and neutrinoless double beta (0 nu beta beta) decay. Purpose: We perform the experiment and the data analysis based on theoretical models of one-nucleon transfer reactions induced by the 18O + 76Se collision at energies above the Coulomb barrier in a multichannel approach. The 76Se nucleus attracts nowadays much interest since it is the daughter in the 76Ge beta beta decay, and the nuclear matrix elements involved in the 76Seg.s. 76Geg.s. and 76Geg.s. 76Seg.s. transitions are the same for time reversal symmetry. In particular, we intend to analyze transitions to low-lying excited states of the residual and ejectile nuclei in the 76Se(18O, 19F) 75As one -proton pickup reaction at 275 MeV incident energy by measuring the cross section. An additional goal is to determine the role of the coupling channels in the measured cross sections, testing different model descriptions of the involved nuclear states. Methods: Nuclear reactions induced by the 18O + 76Se collision were measured at INFN-LNS using the MAGNEX large acceptance magnetic spectrometer for the detection of the ejectiles. The missing mass technique was used for the reconstruction of the reaction kinematics. The excitation energy spectrum and the differential cross section angular distributions were the key extracted observables. The experimental data were compared with theoretical calculations based on the distorted wave Born approximation, the coupled -channels Born approximation, and coupled reaction channels. The adopted spectroscopic amplitudes for the projectile and target overlaps were derived by large-scale shell -model and interacting boson-fermion model calculations. In the calculations the initial state interaction and the nuclear structure model inputs were the same as those adopted in the study of elastic and inelastic scattering and (18O, 17O) one -neutron stripping reaction, published elsewhere. Results: Peaks in the cross section energy spectra corresponding to groups of transitions to 75As and 19F were identified and the experimental angular distributions were compared with theoretical calculations. A fair agreement between theory and experiment both in cross section values and diffraction pattern is obtained, without the need for any scaling factor, validating the adopted reaction and nuclear structure approaches. Conclusions: Resembling the case of the (18O, 17O) one -neutron stripping reaction, the couplings to the inelastic channels of projectile and target are significant for the one -proton pickup reaction and are likely to also play a role in the single and double charge exchange reactions. The fair description of the data is remarkable since no free parameter was used for this analysis, highlighting that the multichannel approach guarantees an accurate investigation of all the interesting reactions induced by the 18O +76Se collision.

Background: A systematic exploration of one-nucleon transfer reactions induced by the (18O,19F) and (18O,17O) reactions on different targets (12C, 16O, 27Al, 40Ca, 48Ti, 76Se, 116Sn) is being performed at the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare–Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (INFN-LNS) at beam energies higher than Coulomb barrier. A featured aspect is the adoption of a multichannel reaction approach, where several quasielastic processes are studied consistently from both the experiment and theory sides. Resembling the case of light-ion induced direct reactions, for which a large amount of data exists, the multichannel heavy-ion direct reaction is a powerful tool to characterize nuclear mean field as well as few-nucleon correlations in low-lying nuclear states. In this view, the study of different reaction mechanisms and nuclear structure models helps to characterize the nuclear wave functions and accurately scrutinize the parameters that control the uncertainties in the calculations of nuclear matrix elements (NMEs). In this context, special attention is recently paid to NMEs involved in second-order isotensor processes such as double charge exchange (DCE) and neutrinoless double beta (0νββ) decay. Purpose: We perform the experiment and the data analysis based on theoretical models of one-nucleon transfer reactions induced by the 18O+76Se collision at energies above the Coulomb barrier in a multichannel approach. The 76Se nucleus attracts nowadays much interest since it is the daughter in the 76Ge ββ decay, and the nuclear matrix elements involved in the 76Seg.s.→76Geg.s. and 76Geg.s.→76Seg.s. transitions are the same for time reversal symmetry. In particular, we intend to analyze transitions to low-lying excited states of the residual and ejectile nuclei in the 76Se(18O,19F)75As one-proton pickup reaction at 275 MeV incident energy by measuring the cross section. An additional goal is to determine the role of the coupling channels in the measured cross sections, testing different model descriptions of the involved nuclear states. Methods: Nuclear reactions induced by the 18O+76Se collision were measured at INFN-LNS using the MAGNEX large acceptance magnetic spectrometer for the detection of the ejectiles. The missing mass technique was used for the reconstruction of the reaction kinematics. The excitation energy spectrum and the differential cross section angular distributions were the key extracted observables. The experimental data were compared with theoretical calculations based on the distorted wave Born approximation, the coupled-channels Born approximation, and coupled reaction channels. The adopted spectroscopic amplitudes for the projectile and target overlaps were derived by large-scale shell-model and interacting boson-fermion model calculations. In the calculations the initial state interaction and the nuclear structure model inputs were the same as those adopted in the study of elastic and inelastic scattering and (18O,17O) one-neutron stripping reaction, published elsewhere. Results: Peaks in the cross section energy spectra corresponding to groups of transitions to 75As and 19F were identified and the experimental angular distributions were compared with theoretical calculations. A fair agreement between theory and experiment both in cross section values and diffraction pattern is obtained, without the need for any scaling factor, validating the adopted reaction and nuclear structure approaches. Conclusions: Resembling the case of the (18O,17O) one-neutron stripping reaction, the couplings to the inelastic channels of projectile and target are significant for the one-proton pickup reaction and are likely to also play a role in the single and double charge exchange reactions. The fair description of the data is remarkable since no free parameter was used for this analysis, highlighting that the multichannel approach guarantees an accurate investigation of all the interesting reactions induced by the 18O+76Se collision.Received 19 July 2023Revised 8 November 2023Accepted 9 January 2024DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.109.024615©2024 American Physical SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasDirect reactionsEnergy levelsNeutrinoless double beta decayNuclear many-body theoryNuclear reactionsOptical, coupled-channel & distorted wave modelsTransfer reactionsProperties59 ≤ A ≤ 896 ≤ A ≤ 19TechniquesNuclear structure & decaysShell modelSpectrometers & spectroscopic techniquesNuclear Physics

The total decay widths of the charmed baryons are calculated by means of the $^3P_0$ model. Our calculations consider in the final states: the charmed baryon-(vector/pseudoscalar) meson pairs and the (octet/ decuplet) baryon-(pseudoscalar/vector) charmed meson pairs, within a constituent quark model. Furthermore, we calculate the masses of the charmed baryon ground states and their excitations up to the $D$-wave in a constituent quark model both in the three-quark and in the quark-diquark schemes, utilizing a Hamiltonian model based on a harmonic oscillator potential plus a mass splitting term that encodes the spin, \mbox{spin-orbit}, isospin, and flavor interactions. The parameters of the Hamiltonian model are fitted to the experimental data of the charmed baryon masses and decay widths. As the experimental uncertainties of the data affect the fitted model parameters, we have thoroughly propagated these uncertainties into our predicted charmed baryon masses and decay widths via a Monte Carlo bootstrap approach, which is often absent in other theoretical studies on this subject. Our quantum number assignments and predictions of the masses and strong partial decay widths are in reasonable agreement with the available data. Thus, our results show the ability to guide future measurements in LHCb, Belle and Belle II experiments. Finally, the appendices provide some details of our calculations, in which we include the flavor coupling coefficients, which are useful for further theoretical investigations.

The recent abundant observations of pentaquarks and tetraquarks by high-energy accelerator facilities indicate the realization of the conjecture by Gell-Mann and Zweig, and by De Rujula, Georgi and Glashow [1-3]. We construct a coupled-channel model for the hidden-charm pentaquarks with strangeness whose quark content is $udsc \bar c$, $P_{cs}$, described as $ \Lambda_c \bar{D}_s^{(*)}, \Xi_c^{('*)} \bar{D}^{(*)}$ molecules coupled to the five-quark states. These molecules are formed by the suitable cooperation of heavy quark and chiral symmetries. We reproduce the experimental mass and quantum numbers $J^P$ of $P_{cs}(4338)$ for which LHCb has just announced the discovery. We make other predictions for new $P_{cs}$ states as molecular states near threshold regions that can be studied by LHCb.

Double charge exchange (DCE) reactions induced by heavy ions and other direct reactions characterized by same projectile and target are crucial tools to access information relevant for neutrinoless double beta decay nuclear matrix elements. In this context the NUMEN project aims to investigate, for each system of interest, not only the DCE channel but also the whole set of reactions promoted by the same projectile/target interaction in the same experimental conditions and within the same theoretical framework. An example of the application of such a multi-channel approach is presented here.