OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to compare the mechanical, biological, and structural properties of a leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) membrane in periodontally healthy patients and those with periodontitis. A total of 30 individuals (17 men and 13 women) with a median age of 41 years were divided into two groups as periodontally healthy (control group) and as having periodontitis (test group). METHODOLOGY:Blood samples were collected and centrifuged at 2700 rpm for 12 minutes. A tensile test was performed to determine the mechanical properties of L-PRF membranes. Elasticity-modulus, tensile strength, and stretch at rupture were calculated. Platelet and leucocyte counts and ratios were calculated. Fibril thickness and density were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy imaging. The comparisons between groups were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test, and a p<0.05 value was considered statistically significant. RESULTS:In the comparison of the control group versus the test group, pocket depth (3.55 (1.59-3.97) vs. 1.52 (1.47-3.53)), clinical attachment level (3.11 (1.77-4.23) vs. 0.06 (0.05-3.68)), plaque index (1.63 (0.05-1.75) vs. 0.04 (0.04-1.58)), gingival index (1.55 (0.04-1.63) vs. 0.05 (0.04-1.49)), and bleeding on probing (56.25 (3.7-70.11) vs. 3.57 (2.67-47.12)) were statistically significantly higher in the test group than in the control group (p= 0.009, p=0.008, p=0.008, p=0.009, p=0.009, respectively). Elasticity-modulus, tensile strength, and stretch at rupture values showed no statistically significantly differences between groups (p=0.745, p=0.754, p=0.602, respectively). Fibril thickness and density values showed no statistically significant differences between groups (p=1.000, p=0.753, respectively). Platelet count and platelet and leukocyte ratio values showed no statistically significant differences between groups (p=0.754, p=0.600, p=0.142, respectively). Leukocyte count was found to be statistically significantly higher in the control group than in the test group (p=0.028). CONCLUSION:This study showed no effect of Stage I-II periodontitis on the mechanical, structural, and biological properties of L-PRF. Further studies with larger sample sizes are required to confirm these findings.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of folic acid (FA) supplementation on endothelial damage caused by periodontitis. Materials and Methods: 48 rats were divided randomly into five groups: healthy control, sham control, lipopolysaccharide-induced periodontitis (LPS), lipopolysaccharide-induced periodontitis with low-dose FA (4 mg/kg) (LPS+4), and high-dose FA (12 mg/kg) (LPS+12) administered groups. Rats were euthanized after 15 days of the first lipopolysaccharide injection. Circulating progenitor cells taken from each rat's blood samples were counted using flow cytometry. ADMA, CD34+, and CD133+ expression in periodontal and cardiac tissues were labeled by using immunoperoxidase method. Results: There were no differences among the groups regarding ADMA expression in periodontal tissues. However, the LPS group exhibited the highest expression levels of CD34+ and CD133+, which were significantly elevated compared to those in the healthy group. Statistically significant differences in all biomarkers were observed among the groups in the cardiac tissue. Flow cytometry analysis results did not differ in ADMA expression level, but CD34+ and CD133+ expression levels were statistically significant between groups. Conclusion: The results of our study suggest that periodontitis induces an increase in the expression of endothelial biomarkers, while folic acid supplementation exerts a beneficial effect on periodontitisassociated endothelial dysfunction.

OBJECTIVE:This study investigated the impact of physical activity levels on growth factor concentrations within leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF). METHODOLOGY:In total, 120 participants were categorized into sedentary (n=60) and physically active (n=60) groups via the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Venous blood was collected to analyze platelet count, mean platelet volume, white blood cell count, red blood cell count, plateletcrit, platelet distribution width, and platelet-large cell ratio, and to prepare the L-PRF. Concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) were determined using ELISA. RESULTS:Metabolic equivalent of task (MET) values were significantly higher in the active group (p<0.001). Conversely, VEGF, TGF-β, and PDGF levels were significantly higher in the sedentary group (p<0.001). Hemoglobin and hematocrit values were also significantly higher in active individuals (p=0.025 and p=0.040, respectively). A significant moderate negative correlation was found between MET values and concentrations of VEGF, TGF-β, and PDGF (r=-0.33, r=-0.33, and r=-0.31, respectively; p<0.01). Multivariable linear regression analyses, adjusted for sex, periodontal parameters, and hematological variables, confirmed that Total MET constituted an independent negative predictor of all growth factors (all p<0.001), whereas periodontal indices showed no significant independent associations. Sex-stratified analyses and interaction models showed that the association between physical activity and growth factor levels was significantly sex dependent (MET × sex interaction: all p<0.05), with stronger effects in women. CONCLUSIONS:Physical activity seems to be associated with variations in growth factor levels in L-PRF, suggesting that individual physiological status may influence the biological composition of autologous platelet concentrates.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate dental students' awareness, knowledge, and behaviors regarding evidence-based medicine (EBM), including their use of scientific databases and experience with critical appraisal and research activities. Material and Methods: A total of 274 dentistry students in their 3rd, 4th and 5th years participated in this survey. Data were collected via a questionnaire distributed through Google Forms. The questionnaire covered demographic data and knowledge/attitudes toward EBM. Statistical analyses included Chi-square, Fisher’s exact tests, and trend analysis, with a significance threshold of p < 0.05. Results: While 56.6% of students had heard of EBM, only 4.7% had received formal EBM training. A significant proportion (62.8%) expressed a desire to learn more about EBM. The rate of students knowing how to conduct a literature review was 32.5%, and only 20.8% had previously performed one. Meta-analysis was correctly identified as the highest level of evidence by 20.8% of participants. Significant grade-level trends were observed: higher-grade students showed increased use of systematic reviews, expert opinions, and textbooks, while reliance on lecture notes decreased (p < 0.001). PubMed awareness decreased with grade level (p < 0.001), while Medline and ULAKBIM usage increased. Students in higher grades also showed significantly higher participation in research and critical appraisal activities (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Awareness and understanding of EBM among dental students are limited, particularly in earlier academic years. Incorporating structured EBM training into the dental curriculum may improve students' ability to engage with high-quality scientific evidence, promote the use of reliable databases, and support better clinical decision-making in their future practice.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of laurel leaf oil against Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia) DSM20706. Methods: The components of laurel leaf oil were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GK-KS). The agar diffusion cytotoxicity method was used to detect the cytotoxicity of laurel leaf oil to fibroblast cells, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay was used to determine antibacterial activity. The effect of laurel leaf oil on bacterial morphology was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorescence microscopy. In addition, the effect of laurel leaf oil on gingival fibroblast cell morphology was studied. The effect of laurel leaf oil on biofilm formation was evaluated numerically using a microplate reader.Results: 1,8-cineole (64.43%), terpinenyl acetate (11.56%) and pinene (5.62%) were found to be the main constituents. No cytotoxic effect was observed in the cell groups treated directly and with 50% concentration of laurel leaf oil and no zone diameter was observed. The MIC value of the laurel leaf oil for P.intermedia was determined to be 6.25µl. Moreover, no biofilm formation was observed when laurel leaf oil was applied at a concentration of 3.125µl. The images obtained from SEM showed that the laurel leaf oil applied to the microorganism destroyed the bacteria. In fluorescence microscope, it was observed that the bacteria were fragmented and the particles radiated. When fibroblast cells stained with double staining solution were examined under the fluorescence microscope, it was found that the cells had not died.Conclusion: As a result, it was determined that laurel leaf oil has antibacterial and antibiofilm effect against P.intermedia DSM20706.Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, in vitro, laurel leaf oil, P. intermedia

Objective: The role of proinflammatory cytokines in chronic periodontitis (P) and coronary artery diseases (CAD) is currently under investigation. Interleukin 17 (IL 17) may play a role in the bidirectional pathogenesis of both conditions. The aim of the study is to explore the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum levels of IL 17 in stable CAD patients with P. Methods: Sixty-one individuals were enrolled in the study including 32 chronic periodontitis [16 periodontitis (CAD-P+), 16 coronary artery disease with periodontitis (CAD+P+)] and 29 periodontally healthy subjects [15 (CAD-P-) and 14 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD+P-)]. GCF and serum samples were obtained and probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) were recorded at baseline and three months post-treatment. GCF and serum IL 17 levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: We observed significant improvements in the whole mouth and sample tooth periodontal parameters (both with p < .001) and as well as a reduction in GCF volume (p < .05) following periodontal treatment in periodontitis groups (CAD-P+ and CAD+P+). Serum IL 17 levels significantly decreased in CAD+P+ group following the periodontal therapy (baseline: 24.39 (13.04) pg/ml; 3rd month 19.16 (15.07) pg/ml, p < .05) while no significant alterations were observed in GCF samples. Conclusion: IL 17 is linked to proinflammatory response in atherosclerosis. Its post-treatment decrease in CAD+P+ group suggests IL 17 might be a useful biomarker for CAD-periodontitis relationship.

Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease. The incidence of the disease is higher than other dermatoses. Clinically, it may present in different forms, the most common being the reticular form. Lichen planus may be precancerous and may develop into a malignant lesion. Although topical corticosteroids are the first choice for treatment, many different topical or systemic agents can be used. The aim of this case report is to discuss the clinical features of lichen planus.

Objective: This study aims to compare the clinical outcomes of periodontal microsurgery with conventional periodontal surgery in keratinized mucosa augmentation around the implant. Materials and Methods: Ten patients with at least 2 implants with a keratinized mucosal width of < 2 mm were included. Free gingival graft (FGG) was applied in the test group with the microsurgery technique whereas in the control group with the conventional periodontal surgery technique. Keratinized mucosa width (KMW) and palatal mucosal thickness (MT) were measured at baseline and 3rd month. Graft shrinkage(GS) was evaluated at the 3rd month. Donor site wound healing was evaluated at the 10th day and 3rd month. Feedback forms were collected on the 10th day. Results: KMW values increased significantly in both groups at 3rd month compared to baseline. The percentage of GS was lower in the test group at 3rd month, but this difference was not significant. MT values in the test group were closer to the baseline values at 3rd month compared to the control group. Wound healing scores were similar in both groups at the 10th day and 3rd month. Postoperative pain levels decreased more rapidly in the test group. Conclusion: The microsurgical technique provides a faster increase in palatal mucosal thickness and lower graft shrinkage during the healing period and an earlier reduction in postoperative pain levels.

Objective: It's aimed to evaluate neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) in smoker and non-smoker periodontitis patients. Materials and Methods: 21 subjects were included in this study and divided into three groups [nonsmokers and periodontally healthy (S-P-), non-smokers with periodontitis (S-P+), smokers with periodontitis (S+P+)]. Clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), plaque index (PI), and gingival index (GI) parameters were recorded. To induce NET formation the peripheral neutrophils were isolated from the subjects and were activated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Active NET was measured with the fluorometer. Results: PI, GI, PD and CAL values were found statistically significant low in the S-P- group (P=0.001; P=<0.001; P=0.003; P=<0.001, respectively). NET count values were the highest in the S+P+ group. There was statistically significant difference between S-P- group and S+P+ group was (P=0.003); it was not statistically significant between S-P+ and S+P+ groups (P>0.05). NET count with CAL has strong positive relation and with PI, GI, PD, has mild positive relation. Conclusion: As a result, there was no statistically significant difference between S-P+ and S+P+ groups, even the S+P+ group NET count was found higher. Further researches are needed on the effect smoking on NET formation in patients with periodontitis.

BACKGROUND:The aim of this study is to look into the clinical and biochemical outcomes of D3K2 supplementation in addition to nonsurgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) for patients suffering from diabetes mellitus (DM) and periodontitis. METHODS:Thirty-eight participants with DM and periodontitis were randomized into two different groups. The test group provided NSPT with D3K2 whereas the control group received NSPT with placebo. Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded and serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were sampled at baseline and at the third and the sixth months after treatment. Glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), 25(OH)D3, parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) values were determined in blood samples. GCF and serum interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-10 levels were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS:All clinical periodontal parameters were importantly decreased at the third and sixth months after treatment compared to baseline in both groups. At the sixth month, 25(OH)D3 levels in the test group were observed to be statistically significantly higher than in the control group (p = 0.02). Serum IL-1β showed a statistically significant decrease at the sixth month compared to baseline and the third month in control group. CONCLUSION:According to this study, there is limited additional benefit of D3K2 given with NSPT in individuals with DM and periodontitis.

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease characterized by symptoms such as bleeding gums and bad breath. Severe periodontal disease is associated with systemic diseases. Diabetes is a group of diseases characterized by high blood glucose levels and can cause oral manifestations such as dry mouth, burning and susceptibility to candidal infections. There is a reciprocal relationship between diabetes and periodontitis. Various diseases such as hypertension, kidney disease, multiple sclerosis, liver disease and inflammatory bowel disease are also associated with oral health. Periodontal treatment can play an important role in the management of these diseases.

Purpose:(6)-Shogaol is the most prevalent bioactive compound in ginger. The aim of this study was to examine both the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of (6)-shogaol in an experimental periodontitis model.Materials and methods:Thirty-five male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups. In the healthy group (n=5), no intervention was undertaken. In the periodontitis group (n=10), periodontitis was induced by ligature placement for 14 days. In the prophylaxis group (n=10), periodontitis was induced with ligature placement for 14 days, and during this time, 20 mg/kg/day of (6)-shogaol was administered via oral gavage. In the therapeutic group (n=10), periodontitis was induced with ligature placement for 14 days, and following the removal of the ligature, 20 mg/kg/day of (6)-shogaol was administered via oral gavage for 14 days. Alveolar bone loss was histometrically measured, and malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GP), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were immunohistochemically analyzed.Results:Alveolar bone loss was significantly lower in the healthy group than in the remaining groups, as well as in the therapeutic group than in the periodontitis group (p<0.001). RANKL/OPG was significantly higher in the periodontitis group compared to the remaining groups and in the prophylaxis group compared to the therapeutic group (p<0.001). MDA was significantly lower in the healthy group than in the remaining groups (p<0.001). SOD was significantly lower in the periodontitis group than in the prophylaxis and therapeutic groups (p=0.039 and p=0.042, respectively). GP was significantly lower in the healthy group than in the prophylaxis and therapeutic groups (p=0.031 and p=0.002, respectively).Conclusion:The administration of (6)-shogaol modulated the RANKL/OPG balance and antioxidant status in rats with ligature-induced periodontitis.

Aims: The aim of this study was to define the perspective of dentistry students on specialization and to evaluate their thoughts and attitudes regarding specialization in the Periodontology department. Methods: Our study was an epidemiological descriptive study consisting of a questionnaire applied to 274 students (167 female, 107 male) studying in the 3rd, 4th and 5th years at Kırıkkale University Faculty of Dentistry. Demographic data and students’ perspectives on dentistry were evaluated and their thoughts and attitudes regarding specialization in periodontology were determined. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistical methods and the Chi-square test. Results: A high percentage of students (73.8%) participating in the study indicated that they were considering specialization in dentistry. It was reported that the most important criteria considered in the selection of specialization were interest in the specialization (53.5%) and job opportunities/financial returns of specialization education (32.0%). The Periodontology department (16.3%) was the 4th most desired department to specialize in. 35.6% of the students included in the study stated that the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery department was the most important department in terms of patient care, while 21.8% stated that the Periodontology department was the third most important department in terms of dentistry. The students stated that they were most impressed by the Periodontology department with clinical experience (44.4%). Conclusion: According to our study results, it was determined that students’ first perceptions about dentistry began to form during their clinical periods and that factors such as their clinical experiences and the influence of faculty members were effective in their career choices.

Effect of Music Therapy on Dental Anxiety in Periodontal Surgery Introduction: Pharmacological or non-pharmacological methods are applied to eliminate fear and anxiety problems related to dental treatments in many patients. As a non-invasive, non-pharmacological method with an anxiolytic effect, music therapy is preferred in the management of anxiety and fear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of music therapy on dental anxiety in patients scheduled to undergo periodontal surgery. Material and Method: The study included a total of 46 patients, 23 in the study group and 23 in the control group, who were scheduled to undergo periodontal surgery. During the surgical procedure, the patients in the study group listened to music using in-ear headphones that isolated ambient sounds. The patients in the control group wore in-ear headphones to isolate ambient sounds, but they did not listen to any music. All patients were asked to complete the Modified Dentistry Anxiety Scale (MDAS), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State (STAI-S), and the Dental Fear Survey (DFS) before and after surgery. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure were measured as vital signs before and after surgery, and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores were recorded twice (at the end of and 30 minutes after the surgical procedure). Results: In the study group, the post-test MDAS, STAI-S, and DFS measurement values showed statistically significant decreases compared to the pre-test measurement values (P<0.001, P=0.009, and P<0.001, respectively), but there was no statistically significant difference in the control group (P=0.093, P=0.923, and P=0.460, respectively). In both the study and control groups, the post-test VAS measurement values statistically significantly decreased compared to the pre-test measurement values (P=0.002 and P=0.019, respectively). While the post-test SBP values decreased statistically significantly in the study group compared to the pre-test measurement values (P=0.020), there was no statistically significant difference in the control group (P=0.705). No statistically significant difference was found between the pre-test and post-test measurement values of the DFS scores in the study or control group (P=0.083 and P=0.160, respectively). Clinical significance: This study is the first clinical study to evaluate the effect of music on anxiety in periodontal surgery simultaneously with four different scales. Music therapy was found to be effective in reducing dental anxiety and fear during periodontal surgery.

Background: Different derivatives of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) have been developed but the efficacy of these derivatives in tissue healing and regeneration is still unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of titanium-prepared PRF (T-PRF) and advanced PRF (A-PRF) on osteogenic biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and clinical parameters. Methods: Seventeen systemically healthy participants with 30 bilateral infrabony defects were recruited. Following phase I periodontal therapy, intrabony defects were treated either with A-PRF+open flap debridement (OFD) or T-PRF+OFD. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL) was recorded at the baseline and 6th month after treatment. GCF samples were collected at the baseline and 3rd, 6th months after surgery. Nuclear factor receptor activator (RANK), receptor activator nuclear kappa-B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and tumor necrosis factor alpha converting enzyme (TACE) in GCF samples were analyzed by human enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: In both groups, statistically significant changes were observed in clinical parameters, however, there was no difference between the groups. In terms of osteogenic biomarkers in GCF, there were no statistically significant differences between and within the groups. Conclusion: Different derivatives of PRF can be used to enhance the clinical outcomes of intrabony defects in periodontitis.

Short dental implants have been successfully used to support single and multiple fixed reconstructions in atrophic jaws, despite an increased crown-to-implant ratio. The use of short dental implants allows the treatment of patients for whom complex surgical techniques cannot be performed for medical, anatomical, or financial reasons. Furthermore, the use of short dental implants in clinical practice reduces morbidity, cost, and treatment time and reduces the need for complex surgery. The aim of this review is to evaluate the survival rates of short and extra-short dental implants and to discuss the impact of an increased crown-to-implant ratio on biologic and technical complications.

Although many studies have evaluated the quality of YouTube videos related to dentistry, just one study has evaluated the quality of YouTube videos related to peri-implantitis. The aim of the cross-sectional study was to evaluate the quality of peri-implantitis-related YouTube videos. Two periodontists evaluated 47 videos that met the inclusion criteria, such as the country of upload, source of videos, number of views, likes and dislikes, viewing rate, interaction index, number of days since upload, duration of the video, usefulness score, global quality scale score, and comments. Peri-implantitis was evaluated using a 7-question system of the videos, 44.7% and 55.3% were uploaded by commercial companies and health care professionals, respectively. Although the usefulness score of the videos uploaded by health care professionals was statistically significantly higher ( P =0.022), the number of views, numbers of likes and dislikes were similar between the groups ( P >0.050). Although the usefulness score and global quality scale score of the perfect videos were statistically different between the groups ( P <0.001; P <0.001, respectively), the number of views, numbers of likes, and dislikes were similar. A strong positive correlation was found between the number of views and the number of likes ( P ˂0.001). A strong negative correlation was found between the interaction index and the number of days since upload ( P ˂0.001). As a result, YouTube videos on peri-implantitis were limited in number and had poor quality. Thus, videos of perfect quality should be uploaded.

Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is an important source for the assessment of periodontal and peri-implant disease activity and response to periodontal therapy. GCF contains cellular components such as epithelium, bacteria, leukocytes, erythrocytes, viruses and their by-products, electrolytes, bacterial metabolic products, host and bacterial enzymes, and enzyme inhibitors such as acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, cytokines, and immunoglobulins. In addition, it is also found that drugs taken systemically pass into the GCF.