Journal Article Diagnosis and Detection of Cryptic Species: the Tabanus nigrovittatus Complex (Diptera: Tabanidae) in Coastal New Jersey Get access Roy K. Sofield, Roy K. Sofield 1 1Present address: Science Dept., Tennessee Temple Univ., Chattanooga, TN 37404. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Michael Edward Douglas, Michael Edward Douglas 2 2Present address: Dept. of Zoology and the Museum of Zoology and Cultural History, Oklahoma State Univ., Still water OK 74078. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Elton J. Hansens, Elton J. Hansens 3Dept. of Entomology and Economic Zoology, Cook College, N.J. Agric. Exp. Stn., Rutgers, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Robert C. Vrijenhoek Robert C. Vrijenhoek 4Bureau of Biological Res., Rutgers, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Annals of the Entomological Society of America, Volume 77, Issue 5, 1 September 1984, Pages 587–591, https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/77.5.587 Published: 01 September 1984 Article history Received: 27 October 1983 Accepted: 07 May 1984 Published: 01 September 1984

Journal Article Genetic Diversity within and between Sibling-Species of Salt-marsh Horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae) Get access Roy K. Sofield, Roy K. Sofield 1Dept. of Entomology and Economic Zoology, Cook College, and the N.J. Agric. Exp. Stn, Rutgers, New Brunswick, NJ 08903. To whom reprint requests should be addressed at: Science Dept., Tennessee Temple Univ., Chattanooga, 37404 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Norman E. Buroker, Norman E. Buroker 2Charles & Johanna Busch Post-Doctoral Fellow, Bureau of Biological Res., Rutgers, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Elton J. Hansens, Elton J. Hansens 1Dept. of Entomology and Economic Zoology, Cook College, and the N.J. Agric. Exp. Stn, Rutgers, New Brunswick, NJ 08903. To whom reprint requests should be addressed at: Science Dept., Tennessee Temple Univ., Chattanooga, 37404 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Robert C. Vrijenhoek Robert C. Vrijenhoek 3Dept. of Biological Sci., Rutgers, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Annals of the Entomological Society of America, Volume 77, Issue 6, 1 November 1984, Pages 663–668, https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/77.6.663 Published: 01 November 1984 Article history Received: 01 February 1984 Accepted: 07 June 1984 Published: 01 November 1984

Sibling Horsefly Species Get access N. R. Jacobson, N. R. Jacobson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. J. Hansens, E. J. Hansens Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. C. Vrijenhoek, R. C. Vrijenhoek Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. L. Swofford, D. L. Swofford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. H. Berlocher S. H. Berlocher Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar BioScience, Volume 31, Issue 10, November 1981, Pages 760–761, https://doi.org/10.2307/1308786 Published: 01 November 1981

Journal Article Resmethrin and Permethrin Sprays to Reduce Annoyance from a Deer Fly, Chrysops atlanticus Get access Elton J. Hansens Elton J. Hansens Cook College, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 74, Issue 1, 1 February 1981, Pages 3–4, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/74.1.3 Published: 01 February 1981 Article history Received: 20 December 1979 Published: 01 February 1981

The deer flies, Chrysops atlanticus , are important pests of humans which move from the salt marsh and concentrate in wooded areas, especially along field edges. Studies at four sites showed that <2% of the deer flies attracted to a human host occur 50 and 100 m into the field whereas 64% were encountered at the field margin and the rest in the ecotone and on the salt marsh. No concentration of flies occurred where no vegetative barrier was present between the marsh and fields. More flies were taken in the morning than at noon and in the late afternoon during June and July near Cedarville, N.J.

Journal Article Electrophoretic Detection of a Sibling Species of the Salt Marsh Greenhead, Tabanus nigrovittatus Get access Ned R. Jacobson, Ned R. Jacobson 3 3Present Address: The Rush Medical College, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60612. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Elton J. Hansens, Elton J. Hansens 4 4Dept. of Entomology and Economic Zoology, Cook College, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903; to whom reprint requests should be addressed. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Robert C. Vrijenhoek, Robert C. Vrijenhoek 5Dept. of Zoology and Bureau of Biological Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar David L. Swofford, David L. Swofford 6Dept. of Genetics and Development, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Stewart H. Berlocher Stewart H. Berlocher 7Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Annals of the Entomological Society of America, Volume 74, Issue 6, 15 November 1981, Pages 602–605, https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/74.6.602 Published: 15 November 1981 Article history Received: 06 March 1981 Published: 15 November 1981

Blood-seeking Chrysops atlanticus Pech. females begin to respond to a host shortly after sunrise and will remain at a high level of responsiveness until shortly before sunset. Based upon hourly counts, the largest numbers visit the human host shortly after sunrise and shortly before sunset. When counts begin in the afternoon, however, a peak also occurs at 1300 h. The data suggest that destructive sampling methods may bias the results of studies of saltmarsh deer fly biting cycles and lead to misinterpretations of apparent cyclic patterns. One hour past sunrise appears to be the most favorable time for applying insecticidal sprays.

Tabanidae are pests of man and animals in many areas of the coastal states but especially near salt marshes. The major species, Tabanus nigrovittatus and Chrysops atlanticus, move from the marshes to nearby beaches, camp grounds, golf courses, and other recreational areas and onto boats in the bays and estuaries. Chrysops congregate in dense vegetation and attack when humans or animals move into such places. Both Tabanus and Chrysops are severe problems to agricultural workers when the flies are numerous. Livestock are readily attacked by Tabanidae with consequent effects on thriftiness, weight gains and milk production and possible trans mission of causal agents of disease. Biology and habits of both salt marsh and upland species are poorly known. Probably T. nigrovittatus is a species complex. Controls are inadequate though traps and vegetative barriers have been shown useful against Tabanus and some insecticides have given re duction but not adequate control of both Tabanus and Chrysops.

A comparison was made of the effectiveness of malaise trapping and aerial netting for sampling a community of 50 species of Tabanidae collected near Deer Lake, Boonton, NJ during 1974. Five sites in the study area were sampled by malaise traps and by netting about the head with an insect net. Comparisons were made of 4 community and 4 population parameters. No significant difference existed between the species richness of the community of flies sampled by each method, but malaise traps sampled the tabanid community with greater diversity and evenness than did netting. The species composition of the community trapped by each method differed substantially. Hybomitra and Tabanus were sampled in significantly greater numbers by malaise traps while netting favored the dominant Chrysops species. Seasonal niche breadths, seasonal ranges and seasonal distributions were measured concordantly by each sampling method. Neither trapping method should be used alone in studies concerning the entire tabanid community, but can be used effectively together.

Laboratory selection of Musca domestica L. by a combination of residual treatments and topical applications with resmethrin resulted in 124-fold resistance over the original field collected strain after 22 generations. Piperonyl butoxide or GA-4-282 (2,6-dichlorobenzyl-2-propynyl ether) markedly increased the toxicity of resmethrin to this strain but were only slightly effective against susceptible flies. Neither synergist altered the resmethrin knockdown rates for either strain when added to the toxicant at a ratio of 1:1; an increase in the proportion of the synergist (1:5) adversely affected knockdown. The synergists prevented the knockdown recovery of resistant flies that occurred when resmethrin was applied alone.