This paper presents a remote study with ten airline pilots exploring speech-based interactions to resolve an abnormal situation using an Autonomous Voice Assistant for Checklists. The results show that although speech-based interactions are less usable and reliable than click-based interactions for starting the checklist and performing check actions, they increase both the pilots’ capacity to divide attention, as well as their accuracy on a concurrent task, while preserving awareness of checklist completion. Even though pilots mostly preferred the familiar click-based interactions, they found speech-based interactions useful as a complement to classical interactions when not available or practicable in specific situations. From these results, we derived nine guidelines for the conception of speech-based interactions for an Autonomous Voice Assistant for Checklists. These guidelines should be further consolidated through studies in more realistic and controlled environments.

Conveying environmental data has grown interest in encouraging the adoption of eco-friendly lifestyles through data-driven strategies. This scope appeals to data visualizations representing the environmental purpose. For example, previous work has already proposed nature-inspired counters, gauges, and bitmaps, but data series remains to be explored. Therefore, could we design and implement effective plant-like charts? This paper brings answers through a research-through-design approach that explores a design space to maximize readability and aesthetics. It then compares four prototypes of charts over modality and material dimensions by asking users about scenarios involving renewable energy forecasts. The results examine whether implementing physical charts is worth it instead of graphical charts and the advantages of using meaningful materials that evocate sustainability and enhance naturalness. The results also reexamine, with physical charts, the previous results on graphical infographics of slightly lower clarity and readability but higher aesthetics of embellishment. In addition, learnability is examined for encoding rates through folded shapes. This paper shows that physical plant-like charts are worthwhile because of promising performance and best-of-breed naturalness when materials allow low-tech aspects' perception and because being installable in public places without explanations if folded shapes encode rates ranging from 0 to a maximum value.

This study examines the information pilots require to maintain situation awareness (SA) in surface trajectory-based operations (STBO), a future airport navigation concept that adds complexity by imposing speed constraints. Systems supporting pilots in STBO have been proposed, but formal analysis of pilot SA requirements have not been documented to guide their design. Such analysis may be conducted with a goal-directed task analysis (GDTA), which identifies SA requirements. However, GDTA relies on operator experience, limiting its use for future operations such as STBO. To answer this challenge, we introduce a future-oriented GDTA (foGDTA), which proposes additions to the interview step of the GDTA. We apply the foGDTA with five professional pilots. Fourteen STBO-specific SA requirements are identified, six of which are not supported by existing displays. From these findings, we propose five design guidelines for STBO support displays to enhance SA and performance. We also highlight broader implications for STBO operations, including the need to factor pilot workload into trajectory computation and to provide more flexibility to flight crews.

This introduction to the Transparent Autonomy and Human Work Interaction Design workshop presents the workshop’s topic, its motivations, and the papers published on the proposed research theme. This workshop was collocated with the INTERACT2025 conference in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The workshop proposed investigating the design of autonomous systems’ transparency with the aim of enabling effective and pleasant collaboration with these systems at work. From the initial workshop papers, this volume presents extended and novel propositions to contribute to human work interaction design of autonomy transparency.

Despite the development of the technology required to support single pilot operations (SPO) in civil aviation, the definition of roles of the single pilot and the diffusion of responsibilities between the human and the autonomous system are still under study. In this paper, we propose a critical analysis of existing SPO concepts involving a highly autonomous teammate in the cockpit. We show that not all facets of responsibility are addressed. In an attempt to solve this issue, we propose to extend a framework to support the analysis of authority, responsibilities, resources shared between roles and permissible control transitions when designing collaboration with autonomous systems.

To acquire an appropriate level of trust between workers and between workers and autonomous systems, supporting transparency is desirable to convey awareness of each other's intents, reasoning processes, and future tasks. To achieve transparency, existing models recommend bi-directional communication or, at least, providing an explanation about the AI outputs and processes. In consequence, workers acquire new tasks to collaborate with non-human beings. This workshop proposes to investigate the impact of transparency mechanisms, which are desirable for efficient collaboration, on the work of people and their experience through the HWID lens.

To address the challenges raised by the design of practices for a more sustainable future, we propose to explore a design method based on design fiction. We coupled this approach with interaction-level design methods through task analysis and modelling activities. While design fiction opens up design spaces, we propose to design an in-between practice feasible with the support of a system that can be implemented in current context of use. We illustrate this method by designing an in-between energy practice at work that enables energy shifting in a current workplace supported by an eco-forecast interface.

To collect feedback in the early stages of research when researchers have to work with expert users, we propose a method based on the large language models and careful elaboration of personas. This method enables low-cost simulation of answers to interviews and provides inputs for decisions on preliminary research directions. To evaluate our method, we propose to simulate two existing studies in the aviation domain. These studies focus on concerns and expectations of airline pilots about future single pilot operations and higher level of automation in the cockpit. Our results show similar level of concerns to human participants in these two simulated studies. However, the results of the simulations include approximations, errors in the actual work of pilots and over-and underestimations of some potential problems of single pilot operations. We conclude that our method can help guide the preliminary stages of research if researchers have sufficient prior knowledge of the work domain and if this method is complemented by human-in-the-loop methods.

Sustainability is a multidimensional concept with dimensions intertwined. The field of sustainable HCI explores ways to design interactive systems in a more sustainable way and to make user behavior more sustainable. In addition, social justice and equity aspects became emergent domains in HCI during the last decade. To develop interactive systems for the workplace, research on Human Work Interaction Design integrated work analysis and interaction design methods from HCI. As little HWID research has so far addressed environmental, economic, and social dimensions of sustainability, this workshop is an opportunity to start a discussion on the subject. This workshop on sustainable human-work interaction designs aims to (a) investigate processes and methods for creating sustainable designs and workplaces, (b) collect case studies that analyze experiences with introducing and learning from sustainability at work, and (c) formulate a research agenda for future work on sustainable human-work interaction designs. The target audience for the workshop is researchers and practitioners working on topics related to work analysis, interaction design, green IT, digital transformation, slow design, craft design, system-organization fit, organizational implementation, benefits realization, and in-the-wild evaluation.

Faced with the challenges presented by climate change, many interfaces presenting feedback on available, consumed or saved energy resources have been proposed to support a change of behavior towards a more environmental one in the field of sustainable HCI. If, for this purpose, bio-inspired systems have been proposed, few of them are presented in a tangible way or as histograms. This, despite encouraging results, as much in terms of awareness of energy consumption as in terms of emotional connection developed with the system, of artistic interfaces aiming at the commitment in an environmental behavior. With the aim of designing a system to support users in a shared practice of shifting energy demand, we present the results of the first steps of our approach. This paper focuses on design choice validation at an early stage of the design and development cycle, before spending time and money on physical prototyping; studying behavior change remains outside the scope of this work. Thus, the results presented concern the effectiveness and UX of static and animated mock-ups of eco-prediction and eco-feedback interfaces in the form of bio-inspired histograms. The results indicate that the efficacy of a bio-inspired histogram compared to a conventional histogram is lower. The second study shows that part of this loss of efficacy can be resolved by contextualizing the data. Also, without being significative, the leaf plant metaphor is found to be more effective and aesthetic than a metaphor closer to a classical histogram inspired by bamboo. We conclude that the leaf plant metaphor can be used for an eco-forecast and eco-feedback interface in the form of a histogram to shift the energy demand of battery-capable devices.

When designing an interactive system, considering usability is important in order to ensure that users can perform their tasks with the interactive system and that each information or function they need to perform their tasks is available at most relevant time. Consideration of the user experience is also important in order to take into account how users feel about using the interactive system. In case where users belong to different user profiles, design of the interactive system may have to consider conflicts between target usability and user experience. From study of the documentation and users’ knowledge, we present a multi-user and multi-property control center: Jupiter 2 Control Center at Guiana Space Center of French space studies center (CNES). As public audience and press are allowed to assist to launch in the Jupiter 2 Control Center, they can see operators’ work and information displayed in the control center. Then, specificity of this control center compared to others is that different user profiles with different goals use it at the same time. Some users use it to perform their work, whereas others use it to enjoy the launch. We use the Jupiter 2 Control Center as an example to find potential design issues for a future control center with similar characteristics. Conflicts between the different users’ goals and the related properties are discussed in this paper.

Many interfaces have been proposed to support environmental behavior in domestic spaces. However in France, according to INSEE we spent in 2019 1680 hours working on average, often in a dedicated place where an environmental behavior can also be adopted. A preliminary study suggests an increase in hedonic and pragmatic qualities of a tangible eco-feedback interface in the workplace. We propose to explore this trend through a longitudinal study. We outline the theoretical and experimental motivations for this future study also introduced in this paper.

Evaluation of human–computer interfaces that aim at shaping users’ pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors should consider measuring participants’ affinity with nature: analyses of user studies in this context have to discriminate a possible effect on the results. This paper proposes to guide the choice between 21 questionnaires available in the literature measuring the Connectedness to Nature (CtN) construct. We thus share a review and an analysis that we made to choose one scale questionnaire for our needs of a user study recruiting in public places and a longitudinal user study aiming to evaluate the use and impact of shape-changing interfaces at workplaces to assist pro-environmental behavior. This paper analyzes questionnaires through eight criteria for Sustainable HCI user studies, reports some meta-analyses’ results, illustrates two questionnaire choices, then overviews the limitations of available questionnaires for user studies in HCI.

The evolution of computer use from one computer for several persons to many computers for one person could have been the end of multi-user computing. However, the widespread of internet and the rise of social computing has demonstrated that dealing with single user applications is nowadays part of history. Designing interactive systems thus requires, most of the time, to address the needs of groups of users involved in common tasks for which the communication, coordination and production is mediated by computers. Despite this undeniable situation, most of the research contributions in the area of interactive systems engineering still focus on single user applications. This is easily understandable as multi-users application are far more difficult to build than single user ones. This difficulty comes from different sources:

Automation is widespread in interactive applications, promising multiple benefits to users, including enhancing comfort, safety, security and entertainment. Implicitly or explicitly, automation is now a critical design option for interactive application designers. Unfortunately, despite its long use (especially in safety-critical systems) assessing the benefits and the drawbacks of design alternatives including automation remains a craft activity, unsupported by conceptual frameworks or tools. In order to address this problem, we present the RCRAFT framework. The framework considers five attributes of automation: Resources, Control Transitions, Responsibility, Authority, and System Functions and User Tasks. We show how these attributes support the assessment of designs involving automation. Furthermore, adding the RCRAFT concepts to task models makes it possible to evaluate automation properties such as transparency, congruence and controllability in addition to usability. We demonstrate the utility of our approach in a case study, comparing the design for an existing Flight Warning System currently deployed in Airbus A350 against a redesigned version which incorporates functionality to provide recommendations to pilots handling unusual situations. We demonstrate that the RCRAFT framework helps in highlighting the implications of different design alternatives by making the impact of proposed changes on both users' work and the required properties of automated components explicit.

System quality is assessed with respect to the value of relevant properties of that system. The level of abstraction of these properties can be very high (e.g. usability) or very low (e.g. all the “Ok” buttons in the application have the same size). These properties can be generic and thus applicable to a large group of systems (e.g. all the interactive systems should be usable) or very specific to a system (e.g. the “Quit” button in my application should always be visible). While properties identification and verification is at the core of interactive systems engineering, much less attention is paid to properties that aims at characterizing a pair (or more) of systems. In this paper, we propose to study such properties (defined as across-systems properties) and propose a notation for representing them. We propose a process for the analysis of such properties using the proposed notation. This process and analysis can be used during systems design or integration. We also present several examples of across-systems properties and demonstrate their importance and use on a simple example of aircraft cockpits buttons.

When task descriptions are precise they can be analysed to yield a variety of insights about interaction, such as the quantity of actions performed, the amount of information that must be perceived, and the cognitive workload involved. Task modelling notations and associated tools provide support for precise task description, but they generally provide a fixed set of constructs, which can limit their ability to model new and evolving application domains and technologies. This article describes challenges involved in using fixed notations for describing tasks. We use examples of recognized tasks analysis processes and their phases to show the need for customization of task notations, and through a series of illustrative examples, we demonstrate the benefits using our extensible task notation and tool (HAMSTERS-XL).

Automation is pervasive and polymorph but still usually not considered as a design option per se when designing interactive systems. This course takes a practical approach to introduce automation, its principles and how this can be used for the design of interactive systems. This one unit course introduces the automation from a Human Factors perspective (such as Levels of Automation) to highlight its foundations, its limitations and how recent research contributions demonstrate the high potential of automation as a design option for interaction and interactive systems designers. The course highlights success stories from various domains such as aviation, power plants and air traffic management. Beyond, it highlights limitations and failures from automotive, aviation (MCAS) and everyday life products (e.g. public spaces appliances). Course attendees will learn what is automation and how this high-level concept can be decomposed into practical elements that can be fruitfully used in interactive systems designs.