3D magnetophotonic crystals based on opals impregnated by Bi-substituted iron-yttrium garnet are fabricated. Magnetization-induced effect (nonlinear magneto-optical Kerr effect) in second- harmonic generation is observed.

Magnetization-induced optical third-harmonic generation (MTHG) is observed in magnetic nanostructures: Co and Fe nanolayers and granular films containing Co nanoparticles. Magnetization-induced variations of the MTHG characteristics in these nanostructures exceed the typical values of linear magneto-optical Kerr effect by at least an order of magnitude: the maximum of magnetic contrast in the MTHG intensity is up to 0.2, the angle of polarization rotation for MTHG is 10\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, and the relative phase shift is up to 100\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. Correlation between the concentration dependencies of magnetic contrast in MTHG intensity and coefficient of giant magnetoresistance is observed below the percolation threshold in ${\mathrm{Co}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ag}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$ films. This points out the probable relations between mechanisms of these transport and nonlinear magneto-optical phenomena.

Spectroscopy of magnetization-induced second-harmonic generation (MSHG) is studied in magnetic Co$_{x}$Ag$_{1-x}$ granular films containing Co nanoparticles. A strong resonance of the magnetic contrast of the second-harmonic generation (SHG) intensity is observed in the two-photon energy range from 3,8 eV to 4,5 eV. The local surface plasmons exited in magnetic Co nanogranules in this spectral range assist MSHG and are responsible for a significant enhancement of the SHG magnetic contrast due to the resonances of local optical fields.

This paper describes thermal denaturation and trypsin digestion of protein on a microchip as an alternative application of a temperature controllable microchip. Analysis of the protein of small volume and low concentration, which is impossible in macro scale, could be possible with the fairly reduced process time using the proposed temperature controllable microchip. We optimized the parameters concerning thermal denaturation on a microchip such as thermal denaturation temperature, thermal denaturation time, digestion time and concentration of protein using BSA(bovine serum albumin) as a reference sample. Then we applied the optimized parameters to the other proteins (ovalbumin, myoglobin, hemoglobin, cytochrome C, Ubiquitin). The proposed method on a microchip in this paper needed an even shorter reaction time, smaller volume of sample and smaller concentration of sample compared to the previously presented marco scale thermal denaturation and trypsin digestion method. We could successfully acquire the thermally denatured protein in 1 minute at 85°C and the digested peptides in 10 minutes at 37°C with 3 μl/0.2 μM protein. The acquired average sequence coverages are range from 24 to 57% for the test proteins, which are sufficient for the protein identification in practical use.

Three-dimensional magnetophotonic crystals (MPCs) based on artificial opals infiltrated by yttrium iron garnet (YIG) are fabricated and their structural, optical, and nonlinear optical properties are studied. The formation of the crystalline YIG inside the opal matrix is checked by x-ray analysis. Two templates are used for the infiltration by YIG: bare opals and those covered by a thin platinum film. Optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) technique is used to study the magnetization-induced nonlinear-optical properties of the composed MPCs. A high nonlinear magneto-optical Kerr effect in the SHG intensity is observed at the edge of the photonic band gap of the MPCs.

We present the results of the experimental studies of nonlinear-optical and nonlinear magneto-optical properties of granular magnetic films exhibiting giant magnetoresistance effect. The samples under study are Co-containing nanogranular films of the composition (Co)x(Al2O3)1-x, the concentration of cobalt, x, being varied in a wide range. A strong azimuthal anisotropy in the intensity of the second (SHG) and third harmonics (THG) is observed which proves the anisotropic crystallographic structure of granular films. The nonlinear magneto-optical Kerr effect (NOMOKE) in SHG and THG is studied in the films for the geometry of the transversal magnetization. The dependence of the NOMOKE contrast in the SHG (THG) intensity is found to be a non-monotonous function of Co content in the films. The dependence of the magnetization-induced components of the quadratic susceptibility on the content of Co in the films is estimated.

Magnetization induced third harmonic generation (THG) in magnetic thin, granular films is observed. Magnetic contrast intensity and phase shift in THG allow estimation of odd and even in magnetization components of third-order susceptibility.

We demonstrate a simple and fast method on the trypsin digestion of protein for MALDI-TOF MS (matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry) using temperature controllable microchip. With the fabricated microchip, proteins are thermally denatured at 80 degrees C for 1 minute and digested by the trypsin at 37 degrees C for 10 minutes. To evaluate the proposed thermal denaturation method, the results of the digestion with and without thermal denaturation are compared each other.

Photonic crystals (PC) based on porous n-Si are fabricated and their structural, optical, and nonlinear optical properties are studied. The n-Si based PC composed of five pairs of layers with alternate porosity reveal a rather broad photonic band gap (PBG) of more than 100 nm and a reflectivity of up to 0.75. An average pore diameter of approximately 90 nm is found in n-Si based PC in contrast to mesoporous p-Si based PC, where pores are approximately 15 nm in diameter. Second-harmonic generation (SHG) spectroscopy reveals the enhancement of the SHG intensity by a factor of 102 at the blue edge of the PBG spectra which is attributed to the fulfillment of the phase matching conditions and the localization of the fundamental optical field in the PC.

The first results obtained in the synthesis of one-dimensional ferroelectric photonic crystals based on nanostructured lead zirconate titanate and porous silicon are reported. The samples synthesized are studied using linear reflection and second optical harmonic spectroscopy.

Surface-enhanced optical third-harmonic generation (THG) is observed in silver island films. The THG intensity from Ag nanoparticles is enhanced by more than 2 orders of magnitude with respect to the THG intensity from a smooth and homogeneous silver surface. This enhancement is attributed to a local plasmon excitation and resonance of the local field at the third-harmonic wavelength. The diffuse and depolarized component of the enhanced THG is associated with the third-order hyper-Rayleigh scattering in a two-dimensional random array of silver nanoparticles.

Giant third optical harmonic (TH) generation has been experimentally observed in island silver films. The TH intensity in the island silver films studied is more than two orders of magnitude higher than the value observed for the smooth surface of a homogeneous silver film. The mechanism of enhancement of the nonlinear cubic response is associated with the resonance enhancement of the local optical field at the TH wavelength, which is caused by the excitation of local surface plasmons in the ensemble of metal nanoparticles.

Magnetization-induced third harmonic (TH) generation was observed in magnetic nanostructures—nanogranular CoxAg1− x films—possessing giant magnetoresistance (GMR). The magnetization-induced contribution to the TH intensity was studied as a function of the concentration of a magnetic component (cobalt) in the films. Magnetic contrast of the TH intensity was found to correlate with the GMR coefficient: both parameters simultaneously reach extremum in the range of cobalt concentrations x∼0.3–0.35.

Hyper-Rayleigh scattering in the third harmonic generation (incoherent optical third harmonic) was experimentally observed in spatially inhomogeneous, quasi-two-dimensional structures formed by silver island films. A comprehensive analysis of the linear and nonlinear light scattering in combination with the results of atomic-force microscopy revealed the fractal nature of the island films studied in the experiment.

Incoherent: diffuse and depolarized,component of the enhanced third harmonic generation (THG)intensity is associated with the third-order hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS)in 2-D random ensemble of silver nanoparticles. A comprehensive analysis of the linear and nonlinear light scattering in combination with the results of atomic force microscopy revealed the fractal nature of the silver island films.

Incoherent second-harmonic generation, or hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are proposed as a combined probe of nonlinear optical and structural properties of silver-island films. HRS and linear (Rayleigh) scattering indicatrices are measured. The correlation function, deduced from the HRS indicatrices and characterising spatial fluctuations of the total polarisation at second-harmonic frequency, has a length scale significantly larger than that of the correlation functions that are obtained from the AFM data and characterise spatial fluctuations of quadratic optical susceptibilities of the dipole and quadrupole types. This difference is interpreted as indicating that the HRS indicatrix shape is determined by the long-range fluctuations of the local-field factors.

The enhancement of the second-harmonic generation (SHG) in all-silicon coupled microcavities (CMC) based on one-dimensional photonic crystals is experimentally studied. CMC are fabricated from alternating layers of electrochemically grown mesoporous silicon and consist of two identical half-wavelength-thick cavity spacers separated by additional porous silicon photonic crystal. The enhancement of the second-harmonic response of CMC in the vicinity of splitted cavity modes is experimentally observed in both angular (wave vector) and frequency domain spectra. The variation of transmission of the intermediate photonic crystal, which controls the interaction between coupled cavity spacers, leads to monotonic dependence of the SHG resonances splitting on the number of pairs of the intermediate Bragg reflector.

Incoherent second-harmonic (SH) and third-harmonic (TH) generation, or hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS) on SH and TH, is proposed as a probe of nonlinear-optical properties of silver island films (SIF). HRS on SH and TH indicatrices and linear (Rayleigh) scattering (RS) indicatrices are measured. By the atomic force microscopy (AFM) we apply to study the surface topographic inhomogeneity. The density-density correlation function which describes the correlation of the spatial nonlinear susceptibilities fluctuations is derived from the AFM images of SIR The interpretation of the experimental results is based on the correlation between optical) properties and structural features of SIF.