GA2LEN and EFA propose minimum specifications for all industrialised countries/regions to work towards to support students with food allergies in educational settings. We reviewed research and legislation and gained feedback from over 100 patient and professional groups. We built shared expectations around: 1. training all school staff about what food allergy is, the symptoms of allergic reactions, what to do in an emergency, and when and how to use and store devices that laypeople can use to administer adrenaline (epinephrine). 2. preventing allergic reactions by using clear labelling on school menus and prepacked and non-prepacked foods and regular cleaning where students eat. 3. preparing for serious allergic reactions, with written emergency action plans for every student with food allergies, legislation allowing schools to store adrenaline for anyone who needs it in an emergency (not just those prescribed it), and training and legal safeguards for staff administering adrenaline. 4. including affected students by discussing food allergy in the curriculum, raising awareness among all students and caregivers and reviewing school processes regularly. It is time for national and international action at the policy level. Patient groups, education networks and professional societies all play a role in campaigning for shared next steps.

BACKGROUND:IgE-mediated food allergy (FA) is a global health concern with substantial individual and societal implications. While diverse intervention strategies have been researched, inconsistencies in reported outcomes limit evaluations of FA treatments. To streamline evaluations and promote consistent reporting, the Core Outcome Measures for Food Allergy (COMFA) initiative aimed to establish a Core Outcome Set (COS) for FA clinical trials and observational studies of interventions. METHODS:The project involved a review of published clinical trials, trial protocols and qualitative literature. Outcomes found as a result of review were categorized and classified, informing a two-round online-modified Delphi process followed by hybrid consensus meeting to finalize the COS. RESULTS:The literature review, taxonomy mapping and iterative discussions with diverse COMFA group yielded an initial list of 39 outcomes. The iterative online and in-person meetings reduced the list to 13 outcomes for voting in the formal Delphi process. One more outcome was added based on participant suggestions after the first Delphi round. A total of 778 participants from 52 countries participated, with 442 participating in both Delphi rounds. No outcome met a priori criteria for inclusion, and one was excluded as a result of the Delphi. Thirteen outcomes were brought to the hybrid consensus meeting as a result of Delphi and two outcomes, 'allergic symptoms' and 'quality of life' achieved consensus for inclusion as 'core' outcomes. CONCLUSION:In addition to the mandatory reporting of adverse events for FA clinical trials or observational studies of interventions, allergic symptoms and quality of life should be measured as core outcomes. Future work by COMFA will define how best to measure these core outcomes.

This Anaphylaxis Manifesto calls on communities to prioritise 10 practical actions to improve the lives of people at risk of serious allergic reactions. The Global Allergy and Asthma European Network and the European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients' Associations (EFA) compiled patient-centric priorities. We used qualitative consensus methods, research evidence and feedback from over 200 patient groups, stakeholder organisations and healthcare professionals. We encourage healthcare, education and food organisations to collaborate with people at risk of serious allergic reactions to tackle safety, anxiety and financial burdens for individuals and societies. Key priorities for prevention include awareness-raising campaigns for the public and professionals, school and workplace initiatives and mandatory precautionary allergen labels on food. Priorities for improving immediate and long-term management include educating healthcare professionals, patients and schools about when and how to use adrenaline, funding two approved adrenaline devices for everyone at risk, and facilitating access to allergy specialists. Integrated care pathways should include clinical and non-clinical management options such as individualised risk assessment and quality of life assessment, self-management plans, dietetic and psychosocial support and peer support. Organisations around the world are committing to work together towards these priorities.

This review explores the anthropological and sociological literature on food allergy and identifies four primary areas of research to date. The first explores the relationality and management of risk, uncertainty and stigma among parents and sufferers of food allergies. The second analyses the influence of intersectionality, specifically the effects of class, gender, race/ethnicity and disability on experiences of food allergy. The third discusses diagnostic difficulties and the impact these have on legitimacy and believability, both in the context of clinician-patient relations and in managing food allergies in public spaces. The fourth explores the ethics and uncertainties in food allergy treatments and how scientific knowledge of emerging treatments is constructed. This body of research illustrates that although an individual disease, food allergy experiences are significantly affected by socio-cultural structures, institutions, ideologies and discourses. The review concludes with four primary recommendations. First, there should be more incorporation of anthropological or sociological methodologies and perspectives into studies of food allergy. Second, studies are needed from more countries exploring lived experience of food allergy. Third, research on food allergy needs to incorporate an analysis of intersectional factors such as gender, class and race/ethnicity, and should explore the experiences of minority populations. Fourth, more research is needed on the interactions between biomedicine and local systems of knowledge, as well as the factors that shape what treatments become available, for whom it becomes available, experiences of treatment and aspects (including biases) that influence patient-clinician interactions.

‘Would it be immoral to work in the sex industry?’ a young Japanese woman, struggling to make ends meet on her low ‘office lady’ salary, asks three politicians on national television. One does not recommend it due to the stigma she will face, the other two are more ambivalent given that the industry is legal (excluding penile-vaginal sex) and encompasses a range of jobs and services. Drawing the reader in by illustrating the links between the economy, gendered labour, low wages, politics, and sex work, Koch begins a carefully researched and compellingly argued and nuanced exploration of cis-heteronormative sex work and the gendered economy in Japan. In the introduction, Koch argues that ‘the concept of gender remains fundamental to the economy’ (4) and suggests that an exploration of Japanese sex workers’ labour and marginality ‘helps us to understand the processes by which the gendering of the economy is continually reconstituted’...

Journal of the Royal Anthropological InstituteVolume 27, Issue 2 p. 439-440 Book review Galbraith, , , Patrick W. Otaku and the struggle for imagination in Japan. x, 325 pp., illus., bibliogr. Durham, N.C.: Duke Univ. Press, 2019. £22.99 (paper) Emma E. Cook, Hokkaido UniversitySearch for more papers by this author Emma E. Cook, Hokkaido UniversitySearch for more papers by this author First published: 15 May 2021 https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9655.13531Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume27, Issue2June 2021Pages 439-440 RelatedInformation

"Food is relationships isn't it," Yamada san stated in 2017, neatly capturing the importance of food in social life. This article, drawing on the experiences of people with severe food allergies in Japan, illustrates the complexities of safely managing allergies when food-and the importance of sharing the same food-is so important to social life. In particular, I argue that individuals develop and practice skills of vigilance and situational awareness to mitigate physical and social risk which emerge through an affective imagination of what they feel could happen in the future, built on embodied memories of what has been experienced prior (e.g., severe allergic reactions and difficult social experiences with food). The development and enactment of these skills of vigilance happen through an 'education of attention' (Gibson in The ecological approach to visual perception, Psychology Press, New York, 1979; Ingold in The perception of the environment: essays on livelihood, dwelling and skill, Routledge, London, 2000) developed over time and in different social settings and constitute a somatic mode of attention (Csordas in Cult Anthropol 8:135-156, 1993) which shapes social interactions and aims to mitigate against any potential perceived social costs for not being able to eat everything.

This chapter introduces some of the dominant trends in the discipline of masculinities studies (danseigaku) in Japan today, primarily covering the 2000s and 2010s, with a particular focus on the trend to explore "alternative" masculinities via labour, caring, intimacy, and sexuality. It analyses the pre-eminence of the salaryman as a hegemonic discourse of masculinity; links between labour, productivity, and masculinity; shifting trends towards a focus on more "caring" masculinities linked to ideals of "ikumen" and elder care provisioning; and continuing marriage ideals and their relevance to contemporary masculinities, as well as moral panics around young men's masculinities through discourses of so-called "herbivorous men" (sōshokukei danshi). The final section explores work done on the entanglements of masculinities and sexualities. Finally, suggestions for future research are made.

This introduction provides a literature review on the anthropology of the senses and affect, highlighting the theoretical and methodological issues, and pointing at the ideas of “affective practices” or “practices of feeling with the world” as possible solutions. Subsequently, it reviews the literature related to these topics focusing on Japan, showing existing gaps in research. Lastly, it provides an overview of the contributions, in order to set the topic and clarify the reasons why we advocate for a novel approach revolving around “feeling (with) Japan.”

Journal of the Royal Anthropological InstituteVolume 24, Issue 1 p. 197-198 Book review Takeyama, Akiko. Staged seduction: selling dreams in a Tokyo host club. xviii, 225 pp., illus., bibliogr. Stanford: Univ. Press, 2016. £16.99 (paper) Emma E. Cook, Emma E. Cook Hokkaido UniversitySearch for more papers by this author Emma E. Cook, Emma E. Cook Hokkaido UniversitySearch for more papers by this author First published: 07 February 2018 https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9655.12772Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume24, Issue1March 2018Pages 197-198 RelatedInformation