This paper describes a graphical method for visualizing reference database searches. The motivation for inventing this technique comes from analyzing the Current Index of Statistics reference database. This database contains 128 thousand references to articles from statistical journals, conference proceedings, and books, published during the last 20 years. The paper traces the evolution of the bootstrap technique, a statistical research breakthrough, in the statistical literature, shows yearly trends, discovers which journal publish articles on bootstrapping, and identifies books on this subject.

Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tools are providing new and more effective resources for product development in a rapidly changing software industry. They are a critical part of an increasingly competitive environment in which software has become a significant part of all telecommunications products, and in which complex problems require solutions that, paradoxically, reflect complexity of structure while making it easier to find quick and effective solutions to design problems. This paper examines trends in software research in the 1990s in terms of problems and the technologies to help solve them.

The Seesoft software visualization system allows one to analyze up to 50000 lines of code simultaneously by mapping each line of code into a thin row. The color of each row indicates a statistic of interest, e.g., red rows are those most recently changed, and blue are those least recently changed. Seesoft displays data derived from a variety of sources, such as version control systems that track the age, programmer, and purpose of the code (e.g., control ISDN lamps, fix bug in call forwarding); static analyses, (e.g., locations where functions are called); and dynamic analyses (e.g., profiling). By means of direct manipulation and high interaction graphics, the user can manipulate this reduced representation of the code in order to find interesting patterns. Further insight is obtained by using additional windows to display the actual code. Potential applications for Seesoft include discovery, project management, code tuning, and analysis of development methodologies.< >