Using hybridization, breeds of merino sheep and archaromerinos were bred. At the same time, researchers note the possibility of transferring the characteristics of behavior and habits by inheritance from parents. The research aims to study the behavioral responses of first‐generation hybrid lambs in the early postnatal period in comparison with the behavior of ordinary domestic lambs. The object of the study was 4 hybrids of the first generation (ovchubuk) obtained from domestic sheep inseminated with the epididymal sperm of a bighorn sheep (chubuku), and 4 domestic lambs. Animals were kept in a pen of 625 m2 for close and constant contact with people. The observation was carried out from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. In the early postnatal period ‐ from birth to 4.5 months and the post‐weaning period ‐ from 4.5 to 6 months. The manifestation of reflexes or instincts was recorded on a letter, photo, video. Attempts to stand up newborn hybrids showed in the first 8‐10 minutes, 12‐15 minutes after birth they rose to all limbs, the lambs were able to stand up for 25‐30 minutes. The hybrids received the first portions of colostrum for 18‐20 minutes domestic ones for 35‐38 minutes. A characteristic feature of the hybrids was the diversity and duration of the sucking reflex. It lasted only 15‐17sec with breaks every 10‐15 minutes. In the lambs of the control group, the sucking reflex was calm and prolonged ‐ 1.5‐2 minutes. All newborn hybrids jumped on the backs of their mothers. The hybrids were distinguished by increased activity while maintaining caution good orientation in space, which was not observed in the lambs of the control group. The instinct of self‐preservation in hybrids was “silence.” When weighing and collecting biomaterial, the hybrids did not make any extra sounds, which cannot be said about the control group. In the “man‐animal” system, hybrids were quickly tamed in a smaller containment area. In the mother‐offspring system, the lambs of both groups followed their mothers everywhere. The hybrids showed: curiosity, keeping alert, jumping from a place, jumped with a 180‐degree turn in flight. In general, the ethological features of hybrid lambs differ significantly from the behavior of domestic lambs. After the birth of hybrid offspring, they use the instinct of cubs to imitate the behavior of an adult animal from a very early age. In addition, it is necessary to organize work so that pregnant sheep are in constant contact with humans in compact pens.

The Yakut horse is the northernmost horse on the planet and indeed the most resistant to cold. Local horses are well adapted to extreme environmental conditions, wherein in winter, the air temperature reaches record low values (especially at night) and ranges from ‐59.8 to ‐64.4°C. Despite such extreme conditions, Yakut horses are outdoors all year round, thanks to their compact body structure, thick coat, and the thick layer of subcutaneous fat. In this regard, the study of the mechanisms of survival of local horses to extremely cold environmental conditions is of particular scientific and practical interest. The work aimed to study the mechanisms of physiological adaptation of the Yakut horse to extreme environmental conditions during the cold season. The work was carried out at the Department of Physiology of Farm Animals and Ecology of the Arctic State Agrotechnological University. In Yakut horses in the cold season, the total protein content in the blood is significantly higher by 25.19% than in spring (P<0.001). Reliably high rates are noted for protein fractions: α1‐globulin by 29.95% (P<0.05), β‐globulin by 16.69%, and γ1,2‐globulins by 42.29 and 40.2% (P<0.05 0.001), respectively, compared with those in the spring. At the same time, the activity of enzymes and substrates in the blood serum (AsAT, ALT, and Alk‐Phos) of the studied horses is within the physiological norm. In spring, we note a decrease in the level of total protein in the blood against the background of a decrease in globulins by 29.4%, which is most likely due to the late pregnancy period in mares. The content of albumin in the blood serum in the spring decreases by almost 3%, while the albumin‐globulin coefficient increases by 0.09 units, indicating a more intense course of protein metabolism in animals during this period. Thus, in the cold period, the activity of the immune system in Yakut horses is significantly higher than in spring, which provides high adaptive qualities of animals to shallow air temperatures with poor pasture. In the spring, the Yakut horses have an increase in protein metabolism, which coincides with the physiological state of the mares, caused by an increase in the energy and plastic needs of the fetus.

It is well established that one of the pathology‘ reason in calves is the disturbances of prenatal development as a result of vitamin and mineral abstinence. The aim of the study was to research the influence of vitamin‐mineral bolus’ supplementation with prolong action to the ration of cows on the calves’ protein metabolism. The studies were carried out in one of the breeding farms of the Leningrad region. Holstein cows were used aged from 3 to 5 years and their calves. 5 groups were formed (n=5 by each). The cows of the 1st experimental group have received two boluses All – mineral plus (the compound: Mg, Zn, Cu, Co, Se, I, Vitamin A, D3, E, Holland Animal Care, Holland), 2d experimental – two boluses Uno Biotin (the compound: Mg, Zn, Cu, Co, Se, I, Vitamin A, D3, E, Holland Animal Care, Holland), 3d experimental group ‐ one Cattle bolus with Iodine (the compound: Cu, Co, Se, I, Telsol Limited, United Kingdom), 4th experimental group – one Cattle Bullet (the compound: Mg, Zn, Cu, Co, Se, I, Vitamin A, D3, E, Holland Animal Care, Holland). The 5th group was control with ordinary ration vitamin‐mineral diet. All cows of experimental groups have got boluses one time which was 60 days before calving. The prolongation of all boluses was 120 days after receiving except bolus All‐mineral plus. The prolongation of their was 180 days. The compound of these boluses includes manganese, zinc, copper, selenium, cobalt, iodine, Vitamin A, D3, E, H. We used the clinical examination of calves and biochemical analysis of calves blood samples on the 3d‐5th days after calving. Serum was analyzed for total protein, albumins and globulins. We were used Student's t‐tests to study differences between groups. Thus, the clinically health animals were nineteen calves of experimental groups and second calves if control group. The body mass of newborn calves was 35‐40 kg. The calves were stood up during first two hours after calving and had a healthy sucking reflex. The temperature of their was fluctuated within 38.5‐39.30°С. The results of biochemical analysis showed that the level of total protein was within the physiological norm in the bloods’samples of 1st, 3d, 4th and 5 th calves groups. The level of total protein was statistically increased in the calves of 1st group in 1.4 times (р<0,05) compared with data of calves in the control group. The value of albumins of calves was decreased in 1.07 times (р<0,05) in 2d group and in 1.4 times in control group (18,19±3,37g/l). We were observed the insignificant increasing trend of albumins’level in calves of 1st,2d,3d and 4th groups compared with data of control group. The difference of globulins’level between calves of 1st, 4th experimental and control group was 1.3 times (р<0,05). The value of globulin in the calves of 2d group was 35,64±5,93 g/l and 3d group ‐ 34,45±7,93 g/l. So, we can assume that the vitamin‐mineral supplementation of cow‐mothers during dry time has a positive influence on the synthesis of the total protein and its fraction ratio.

The study aimed to determine the immune function markers of clinically healthy cows and cows with subclinical and clinical mastitis caused by the coagulase-negative staphylococci. The materials were milk and blood of cows (n = 20; first group) had the clinical mastitis caused by S. aureus and S. haemolyticus, another 20 (second group) had the subclinical mastitis caused by S. aureus and S. haemolyticus, another 20 (third group) were clinically health cows. The milk was examinated by a Californian mastitis test. The immune markers of blood were researched by ELISA using Bovine Elisa Kit (Cloud-CloneCorp. HoustonTX, USA) and relevance methods (The guidelines for the assessment and correction of animal immune status, Voronezh, Russia, 2005). It has been found that the blood of cows of the 2d group had a high level of Interleukin- 2 (15.9±0.4 pg/mL), TNF-α (639.2±19.1 pg/mL), CIC (0.128±0.01 g/L), Serum Bactericidal Activity (78.5±1.4 %) compared with 3d group. It was the reducing of Ig level by 19.6% (20.6±0.3g/L) and Lysozyme activity by 28.4% (2.097±0.02 µg/mL) (P < 0,05-0,001). The comparative analysis of immune function markers in the blood of 1st and 3d groups showed the reduction of TNF-α by 23,3%, Ig level by 19,6 %, Lysozyme activity by 32,8%, T- lymphocytes by 27,2%, and the increasing of CIC by 52,3%, Serum Bactericidal Activity by 6,8%, B- lymphocytes by 10,1% (P < 0,05-0,001), Phagocytic activity of leucocytes by 6,4%. Mastitis events caused by the coagulase-negative staphylococci were associated with reducing of cellular and humoral immunity by twice increasing of Interleukin-2 level.

Arctic and northern latitudes are rarely used in animal husbandry, meanwhile, wild species of animals that are best adapted to the harsh climate successfully live in these territories. The aim of the study was to obtain new breeding forms in sheep using assisted reproductive technologies. Domestic sheep of the Buryat Coarsewool and sperm from 4 Siberian bighorn sheep of the Yakut population (Ovis nivicola lydekkeri) were used. Methods of postmortal removal of viable semen from epididymal aspirate and also the composition of a newly created extender for freezing epididymal semen have been developed. Thirteen sheep were inseminated using laparotomy. Sheep in estrus were identified by a test ram. The viability of the semen is influenced by the time interval from the moment of death to the removal of the semen from the epididymal aspirate. The temperature of the environment in which the testicles were kept before the semen removal also affects the final quality of the sperm. Thus, the highest viability of epididymal semen was observed at t = + 4°C when removed within 2 hours after the ram` death. As a result of research, the optimal composition of the extender was developed from test solutions of different compositions. The viability of spermatozoa for the extender was 25–30% higher than in others. Since the fertilizing properties of epididymal semen are lower than that of ejaculated semen, we used the intratubal insemination method. As a result, 8 hybrid F1 offsprings (1/2 domestic sheep x 1/2 wild bighorn sheep) were obtained, which can be kept year-round in winter pastures in the conditions of extremely low temperatures.

The aim of the study was to research the influence of Central Yakutia's climate (Russia) on immunophysiological status of Kholmogor cattle (n=25). Cold winters, high summer temperatures and small amount of precipitation of the sharply continental climate require breeding of animals with high resistance and productivity. The objects of the study were blood samples. Complete blood count of samples determined that in the stall period leukocyte activity reaches the upper limit of the norm, or exceeds it. The highest values were observed in autumn. According to this, phagocytic activity was 84,11±2,56% and exceeded the norm by 7,3% (P<0,001). The neutrophil index was 8,5±0,2. The white cell count is appear to be increased by 16,8% in spring, as compared with other seasons. Meanwhile, phagocytic activity and phagocytic index in leukocytes are decreased by 24,1% and 16,6%, respectively. There was a significant increase in hematological parameters by 5.7%, 6.6% and 10.4% in January in comparison with autumn (P<0,05; P<,01). Significant decrease of erythrocyte number and hemoglobin level by 14,3% and 8,1%, respectively, were found in autumn compared with such levels in January (P<0,05; P<0,001). A decrease in these indicators occurs with an increase of the leukocytes number to 7,79±0,12х109 /L, which is 14,5% and 26,5% higher than those in the autumn and winter periods. The distinction is significant only for the winter period (P<0,01). Thus, it can be concluded that continuous stall period in conditions of Yakutia's sharply continental climate has a considerable influence on functioning of body systems and leukocyte activity in cattle blood.

C urrently, in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, much attention is paid to the rational use of natural resources and the creation of their food base.Therefore, the region is actively developing the branches of traditional nature management (domestic reindeer farming, hunting, and fishing, gathering wild plants), which can become an integral part of the food security of the territory (Laishev et al., 2015).Under natural conditions, reindeer brucellosis in Taimyr diagnosed by serological and allergic methods by I.M.Golosov in 1948, and in 1955 V.A. Zabrodin was the first to isolate Brucella strains from deer.Subsequently, the presence of brucellosis infection in reindeer diagnosed in all regions of the north of the Asian part of Russia, from the Yamal-Nenets, Dolgan-Nenets, and Evenki autonomous