为克服光谱估测中的不确定性和提高光谱估测精度,本文利用灰色系统理论和模糊理论建立土壤有机质高光谱估测模型.基于山东省济南市章丘区和济阳区的121个土壤样本数据,首先对土壤光谱数据进行光谱变换,根据极大相关性原则选取光谱估测因子;然后,利用区间灰数的广义灰度对建模样本和检验样本的估测因子进行修正,以提高相关性.最后,利用模糊识别理论建立土壤有机质高光谱自反馈模糊估测模型,并通过调整模糊分类数进行模型优化.结果表明,利用区间灰数的广义灰度可有效提高土壤有机质含量与估测因子的相关性,所建估测模型精度和检验精度均显著提高,其中20个检验样本的决定系数为R2=0.9408,平均相对误差为6.9717％.研究表明本文所建立的土壤有机质高光谱自反馈灰色模糊估测模型是可行有效的.

PurposeIn order to overcome the uncertainty and improve the accuracy of spectral estimation, this paper aims to establish a grey fuzzy prediction model of soil organic matter content by using grey theory and fuzzy theory.Design/methodology/approachBased on the data of 121 soil samples from Zhangqiu district and Jiyang district of Jinan City, Shandong Province, firstly, the soil spectral data are transformed by spectral transformation methods, and the spectral estimation factors are selected according to the principle of maximum correlation. Then, the generalized greyness of interval grey number is used to modify the estimation factors of modeling samples and test samples to improve the correlation. Finally, the hyper-spectral prediction model of soil organic matter is established by using the fuzzy recognition theory, and the model is optimized by adjusting the fuzzy classification number, and the estimation accuracy of the model is evaluated using the mean relative error and the determination coefficient.FindingsThe results show that the generalized greyness of interval grey number can effectively improve the correlation between soil organic matter content and estimation factors, and the accuracy of the proposed model and test samples are significantly improved, where the determination coefficient R-2 = 0.9213 and the mean relative error (MRE) = 6.3630% of 20 test samples. The research shows that the grey fuzzy prediction model proposed in this paper is feasible and effective, and provides a new way for hyper-spectral estimation of soil organic matter content.Practical implicationsThe research shows that the grey fuzzy prediction model proposed in this paper can not only effectively deal with the three types of uncertainties in spectral estimation, but also realize the correction of estimation factors, which is helpful to improve the accuracy of modeling estimation. The research result enriches the theory and method of soil spectral estimation, and it also provides a new idea to deal with the three kinds of uncertainty in the prediction problem by using the three kinds of uncertainty theory.Originality/valueThe paper succeeds in realizing both the grey fuzzy prediction model for hyper-spectral estimating soil organic matter content and effectively dealing with the randomness, fuzziness and grey uncertainty in spectral estimation.

为克服卷积神经网络(CNN)拟合和估测精度不一定成正比的不足,提高土壤有机质估测精度,本文基于山东省济南市章丘区和济阳区的121个土壤样本的数据,首先对光谱数据进行预处理,然后建立土壤有机质高光谱CNN-FCM估测模型.结果表明:当CNN模型结构为一个3×3的卷积核,一个2×2的平均池化层,一个完全连接和输出层,FCM模型的模糊分类数为10,且使用线性函数建立融合模型时,模型估测精度最高,其中检验样本的决定系数R2为0.895,平均相对误差MRE为5.042％,均优于传统的BP、SVM和随机森林模型.研究表明,土壤有机质高光谱CNN-FCM估测模型是可行有效的.

准确、及时地了解作物种植结构和信息在粮食安全、经济到政治等人类活动的许多方面都发挥着至关重要的作用.基于结合面向对象随机森林算法(Random forest,RF)和一站式地球科学大数据实时计算平台(Pixel Information Expert-Engine),探讨了结合面向对象随机森林算法与时间序列哨兵1 号合成孔径雷达(SAR)数据后向散射系数对大规模作物分类的影响,并结合哨兵1 号和哨兵2 号主被动遥感数据,探讨植被指数特征和纹理特征的不同组合对后向散射系数、光谱特征和作物分类精度的提高.结果表明,结合面向对象随机森林算法,可明显削弱分类的椒盐效果,且基于融合时间序列的多特征SAR和光学数据的分类精度最高,SAR数据的分类精度最低.本研究采用的方法和平台能够准确、高效地进行土地利用分类工作,具有很好的推广价值.

为构建生态文明体系提供数据支撑,加强对自然资源产权保护工作,开展自然资源统一确权登记是有必要的.本文在理论和制度研究的基础上,结合汶河河段自然资源统一确权登记试点实践,就登记单元划分、自然资源登记分类体系及登记信息方面展开问题思考与对策分析,为自然资源统一确权登记的顺利实施提供新思路.

针对光谱估测中的灰色不确定性,基于灰信息理论和山东省泰安市岱岳区的92个土壤样本数据,建立土壤含水量高光谱灰色关联估测模型.首先根据极大相关性原则选择光谱估测因子,并基于灰信息理论将各样本的光谱估测因子由小到大进行排序;然后利用灰色距离关联度构建土壤含水量高光谱灰色关联估测模型,并根据利用最少信息原理建立估测模型群;最后根据检验样本的平均相对误差和决定系数,对估测模型进行优化.结果表明,9个检验样本的平均相对误差为5.727％,决定系数R2=0.930,估测精度高于常用方法.研究表明本文提出的土壤含水量高光谱灰色关联度估测模型是可行有效的.

随着无人机技术、动态GPS定位技术以及图像融合处理技术的快速发展,推动了无人机倾斜摄影测量技术的发展,加快了该技术向多测绘领域发展进程.本文以某矿山1:1000大比例尺地形测量为例,讲述了倾斜测量的技术流程及主要操作步骤,实践表明无人机倾斜摄影测量能够在较短的时间内完成测绘任务,获取的大比例尺地形图平面位置中误差为6.5cm,高程中误差为12.6cm,测量精度完全满足相应比例尺误差要求,可以进行大规模的推广使用.

在测量中,平面控制点的精度的评定具有重要的意义.文中以某一平面控制网点为例,求出了各待定点的误差椭圆参数,然后依据误差椭圆与误差曲线之间的几何关系,绘制了各待定点的误差曲线.实践证明,该方法容易实现,可操作性较强.

高分辨率卫星影像应用于判绘地物之中,为现代的测绘事业进行了有效提升,并且帮助测绘工程进行有效的自我发展.在进行地质描述过程之中,往往已经开始采用高分辨率卫星来进行相关的辨认过程,本文对高分辨率卫星影像判绘地物方法进行研究,希望可以带来相关帮助.

本课题的目的是建立一个以MapXtreme、Visual Studio.NET为设计平台,以Visual Basic为开发语言的校园地理信息系统,提供了集地图操作和属性查询于一体的多种功能。此设计共分为三个模块:数据库设计模块、综合查询设计模块、建筑物属性查询设计模块。

This paper discusses a production mode and technique of digital cadastral survey and mapping.This production process radically changed the traditional manual operation mode,thus solved the cooperation and cohesion problem between cadastral authority investigation and cadastral measurement,and realized half automation management of graphic data and the " first entry,repeated use" of attribute data and raised the working efficiency.