We used inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers to investigate the genetic structure of Eurya emarginated Makine for four populations collected from three islands in the Zhoushan Archipelago, and the result was then used for genetic diversity comparison between Eurya emarginated Makine, Ilex integra and Machilus thunbergii. The average values of percentage of polymorphic loci is 37.95%, effective number of alleles(Ne=1.223), Nei’s genetic diversity (H=0.132) and Shannon’s information index (I=0.200) indicated that the Eurya population had lower genetic variations than both the Ilex integra and Machilus thunbergii species. The genetic differentiation for populations of Eurya emarginated Makine(Gst=0.202)is lower than those of Ilex integra and Machilus thunbergii. UPGMA cluster for individuals revealed that the isolation between the islands could not completely obstruct the genetic exchanges between different populations of Eurya emarginated Makine, and the excursion of plant seeds floating depressed the value of genetic differentiation, while the exchanges of Ilex integra and Machilus thunbergii populations were greatly isolated by the islands.

Genetic diversity and differentiation of populations of Thuidium cymbifolium between 3 planted spruce stands(PSS) and 3 naturally regenerated stands(NRS) were compared using random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) marker.For PSS and NRS,the average percentage of polymorphic loci(PPL=12.7%,10.0%),Nei's genetic diversity(HE = 0.042,0.027) and Shannon's information index(S=0.064,0.043) were revealed by POPGENE,respectively.The results of population differentiation among the populations from PSS(Gst=0.592,Fst=0.639) and NRS(Gst=0.702,Fst= 0.695),together with the results of UPGMA cluster analysis and of principal components analysis showed that gene flow between populations was limited.AMOVA revealed a significantly higher level of population genetic diversity existed in PSS than that in NRS,which indicated that artificial reforestation after forest clearcut was effective in promoting the recovery of genetic diversity of the recolonized moss species.

Using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, we examined genetic variability of the moss Thuidium cymbifolium (Thuidiaceae) sampled from three types of spruce (Picea asperata) stands: an intact stand, naturally regenerated stands after clearcut harvests, and planted stands after clearcut harvests in the Miyaluo area, western Sichuan of China. Stands of the latter two types were of various age since the last clearcut. Results showed that the population of T. cymbifolium from the intact stand displayed the highest level of genetic diversity, and populations from the planted stands exhibited significantly higher levels than the naturally regenerated stands. In planted stands, genetic variation within populations increased over time. These findings indicated that habitat destruction by forest harvesting led to the reduction in genetic variation within populations, but that given time, artificial reforestation after clearcut was effective in promoting the recovery of genetic diversity in the recolonized moss species. Therefore, lengthening the normal felling rotation of plantations should be favored to restore and conserve genetic diversity in recolonized species. In addition, thinning young plantations via selective logging may provide heterogenous microhabitats similar to those in the old stands, and thereby facilitate the development of bryophyte communities and the increase of genetic variation of the recolonized mosses.