Journal of Dental EducationVolume 85, Issue 3 p. 283-284 ISSUE INFORMATIONFree Access Journal of Dental Education Volume 85 Number 3/March 2021 First published: 16 March 2021 https://doi.org/10.1002/jdd.12201AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume85, Issue3March 2021Pages 283-284 RelatedInformation

Background: Oral cancer associated with high risk (HPV-HR) human papilloma virus (HPV) has been increasing. HPV-HR has been associated with epithelial dysplasia, however, little information exists on its frequency in epithelial hyperplasia lesions. The aim of this study is to compare HPV genotypes in dysplastic and hyperplastic lesions of oral cavity. Material and Methods: Two hundred and fifty oral lesions: 131 dysplasia and 119 hyperplasia from two regions of Colombia were evaluated. One hundred seventy-four coming from urban area and 104 from a high risk population to oral cancer from a rural area. HPV was identified by qPCR and Twenty-four HPVs genotypes were evaluated by Luminex (R) technology. Logistic regressions were performed to establish the associations between HPV infections with oral dysplasia. Results: Twenty-eight percent (70/250) of the samples were positives for any HPV and HPV-HRs were more frequently than low risk HPVs. HPV-16 was the most detected genotype (16%) followed by HPV-31, 53, 18 and 45. HPV, HPV-HRs and HPV-16 were only associated with dysplasia in urban area; OR 3.28 (CI 95% 1.49-7.17), OR 7.94 (CI 95% 2.97-21.2) and OR 5.90 (CI 95% 2.05-17). Individuals in rural area showed more HPV and HPV-HRs infection in hyperplasic lesions than urban population. The majority of HPV+ lesions had multi-type of HPV (52/70) and the urban individuals showed more genotypes than rural population. Conclusions: HPV-.HRs are frequently found in hyperplastic and dysplastic epithelial lesions. HPV-HRs and HPV-16 were associated with dysplasia in urban population. Rural high risk population and urban population differ in the frequency and variety of HPV genotypes.

OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the 3-dimensional latent model of empathy on the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy instrument (version S), and to verify the existence of cutoff points capable of differentiating empathy measures classified as: "high," "medium," and "low" using data collected from observations of students from 11 dental faculties of 5 Central American and Caribbean countries (n = 3082) between 2015 and 2019.METHODS:This is an exploratory, "a posteriori," and non-experimental study. Factor structure and factor invariance by country and gender were analyzed. Hierarchical cluster analysis and bifactorial analysis were applied, and the data were normalized by cluster and by percentiles within them.RESULTS:Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the original model was replicable and fit the data, while multigroup analysis allowed assuming an invariant factor structure by country and by gender. There is reliability in the measurement made by the scale and its dimensions.CONCLUSIONS:The instrument has adequate psychometric properties, and cutoff values obtained allow people with lower or higher levels of empathy and its components to be classified. Therefore, these results solve the problem of comparing the scores and observed levels of empathy between dental schools within and between countries and between genders. Such comparisons were only possible since the original data of each study were made available for traditional statistical methods.

Objetivo: Analizar los conocimientos en salud y enfermedad oral que tiene la población de Nelson Mandela en Cartagena de Indias, teniendo en cuenta la situación social en la que se encuentran.Materiales y métodos: Enfoque metodológico cualitativo, basado en el método hermenéutico, implementado en la población de Nelson Mandela. Se seleccionaron diez familias de estrato 1 y 2 correspondientes al núcleo familiar de niños escolarizados en edades de 2 y 19 años. Para la recolección de la información se utilizó la entrevista individual y la observación no participante en las personas responsables del cuidado de los niños, seleccionando las interacciones de mayor interés para los objetivos del estudio.Resultados: Un punto trascendental encontrado en esta población fue el conocimiento mecanizado y memorizado en cuanto al cepillado; se observó la influencia de los medios de comunicación y las campañas de promoción y prevención tradicionales. Los pobladores se encuentran muy enmarcados por el aspecto emocional, que puede verse reflejado en la presencia de un decaimiento general cuando se tiene sintomatología o patologías asociadas, refiriéndose a que estar triste es por la enfermedad.Conclusiones: Es relevante hacer énfasis en la importancia de una interacción directa con la comunidad, donde se pueda conocer a fondo todos sus aspectos sociales y además comprender las situación en la que se encuentran. De esta forma se podrían diseñar nuevas estrategias educativas por parte de los profesionales de la odontología, lo que podría contribuir a mejorar la calidad de vida de los pobladores.[González F, Carmona L, Agudelo Y, Campo P. Análisis social de las familias del barrio Nelson Mandela de Cartagena de Indias, en cuanto a sus conocimientos en salud y enfermedad general y oral. Ustasalud Odontología 2006; 5: 115 - 122]

Introduction: The controversy over the presence of empathic decline within the course in students of medicine, dentistry and health sciences in general, has not fully been studied. This controversy could be partially solved if massive studies of empathy levels are made in similar cultural, social and economic contexts. Material and Methods: Empathy levels within the course were studied in eighteen dental schools from six countries in Latin America (2013). The mean of the empathy levels were used to study the behavior between first and fifth academic years. The values of empathy levels within the course were observed by applying the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy, the Spanish version. All these studies were cross-sectional. The value of means observed, were subjected to regression studies and further adjustment curves were obtained and the coefficient of determination were calculated. Results: Six different models of behavior were observed, which found that five of them suffer empathic decline within the course, but with different final results: in some the decline persists until the fifth academic year and in others, this decline 'recovers' persistently until the fifth academic year. The sixth model is characterized by a constant and persistent increase of levels of empathy within the course until the last academic year. Discussion: There are six different models for the behavior of means of levels of empathy within the course evaluated by a common methodology in eighteen dental schools from six countries of Latin America. These findings support the existence of variability of empathic response and a comprehensive approach is needed to find the causes that give rise to this variability. Conclusion: In dental students of Latin America, there is variability in the behavior of the distribution in means between the academic years of the dentistry schools examined in this study.

Objective: The aim of this study is to check whether there are differences in the distribution of empathy levels in dental students from nine faculties of dentistry Colombia, Panama, Costa Rica and Dominican Republic.Methods: The levels of empathy and matrices of empathy construct matrices are estimated dental students by using the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy, the Spanish version for students (S version) culturally validated in Colombia, Panama, Costa Rica and Dominican Republic measured by arbitrator criteria.Cronbach α is estimated.Data of empathic orientation of the studied factors between faculties are analyzed and compared by ANOVA and Duncan * Corresponding author.test and matrices of empathy construct using discriminant analysis.Results: We find that there are differences in levels of empathy between universities, courses, gender and interaction between the Dental Faculty (University) and Course.The comparison between matrices shows unexplained variances and differences observed between the levels of empathy in student populations.Conclusions: Variability in empathy is observed in the studied factors and among student populations.The variability is an empirical finding, but is not possible in this work, to explain why.

Background: It is well-founded that empathy is an attribute that increases the likelihood of good communication between health professionals and patients, and it is usual that there is the conviction that empathy levels are higher in women than in men. Aims: A study comparing levels of empathy gender of students in 18 schools of dentistry from six Latin American countries was conducted. Method: An exploratory cross-sectional study of which empathy levels were measured by the Jefferson Scale of Empathy for dental students (S version) and these levels were compared between genders by t-student test, after verification of normal distribution and homoscedasticity. Results: Variability was found in the results of the comparisons. In some cases, empathy levels were higher in women, others in men and in most of them there were no differences between genders. Conclusions: The observed results do not support the belief that women are more empathetic than men. However, more studies must be performed in more powers and countries to verify that the results described constitute a scientific fact and not just a feature of dental students specifically in the countries studied.

Objetivo. Evaluar la efectividad de una estrategia de tipo b-learning en el aprendizaje de oclusion en el programa de odontologia de la Universidad de Cartagena. Metodos. Mediante un estudio de intervencion evaluativa, se analizo la efectividad de la aplicacion de una estrategia virtual de tipo blended learning a un grupo de 36 estudiantes de la asignatura de oclusion en el programa de pregrado. Mediante una asignacion aleatoria sistematica se seleccionaron y codificaron dos grupos (A y B), los cuales tenian acceso por control cruzado a cuatro unidades disenadas en un aula virtual, asegurando la asistencia a su sesion presencial obligatoria. La estrategia fue evaluada con un cuestionario de conocimientos, teniendo en cuenta los contenidos de la asignatura. Los puntos de corte para las diferentes categorias fueron construidos utilizando los parametros institucionales. Las categorias obtenidas antes y despues de la estrategia y la relacion con el nivel de satisfaccion fueron analizadas usando el test exacto de Fisher. Resultados. Se observo una diferencia estadisticamente significativa entre los puntajes obtenidos antes y despues de la prueba (p 0.05. Conclusiones. El B-learning puede constituirse en una estrategia que desarrolle mejores resultados academicos en areas como la odontologia, no obstante es necesario transformar antiguos paradigmas que permitan una verdadera integracion de las tecnologias a la catedra convencional y obtener todos los beneficios de las TICS.

Objective: Describe the level of physical activity and its association with sociodemographic, anthropometric and behavioral university of Cartagena, Colombia factors. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study in 670 selected by probability sampling university. We designed and implemented a structured survey to assess the level of physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and associated factors (socio-demographic, anthropometric and behavioral aspects (size, weight) (time, mobilization, sports practices); occurrence (prevalence), associations (odds ratios) and multinomial logistic regression and likelihood ratios for interactions between variables were estimated. Results: 63 % of university students demonstrated low levels of physical activity according to IPAQ in the last 7 days. Young Adult (19-44 years) (OR = 1,4, 95 % CI; 1,02 2), female (OR = 2,06, 95 % CI; 2,1-4), eating food mekatos type during stress (OR = 1,6, 95 % CI; 1,19-2,2), watching television (OR = 1,7, 95 % CI; 1,2-2,5), using a computer in free time (OR = 2,1, 95 % CI; 1,5-3) and not play sports (OR = 5,5, 95 % CI; 3,7-9) were found associated with low physical activity level. The association is crude model best explains the low level of physical activity according to IPAQ, comparing the two models via likelihood ratios remained the following factors: sex, watching TV, computer use in leisure, practice sports and energy expenditure according to carbohydrate intake (value model, p = 0,000, X2 = 273). Conclusions: A sedentary lifestyle and use of information technologies in leisure favoring low levels of physical activity in college; universities can invest in student welfare, through the design of strategies to occupy their free time students and promote healthy movement and physical health of these.

Objective: To evaluate the association between family dysfunction and academic stress in college students. Methodology: Cross-sectional study in 251 dental students from a public university of Cartagena de Indias (Colombia). Were measured socio-demographic characteristics, academic stress (SISCO scale) and family functioning (Family APGAR) through validated instruments. Occurrence was estimated by prevalence and association between variables was quantified by odds ratios and multivariate analysis using logistic regression nominal. Results: Academic stress was present in 87.3 % and the most concern among students was the teacher evaluation, dysfunctional families behaved as a factor related to stress. (OR = 2.32, 95 % CI: 1.09 to 4.92, P = 0.02). In logistic regression analysis, the model that best explains academic stress consisted of the following factors: family involvement, sex, and completed academic year (p = 0,0001, X2 = 22, 9). Conclusions: The family dysfunction may aggravate stressful situations that occur within academic college students and influence their academic performance compromis-ing their life projects while in college

The promulgation of Decree-Law 13/2010 and its subsequent ratification by Law 2/2011 of March 4th, of Sustainable Economy, have led to the Chambers of Commerce a forced change of business model which, in turn, can be a great opportunity to start new lines of action. Information units can play an important role as a strategic asset, as they were in their time in research centers with surveillance technology.In this case it would create a competitive vigilance system aimed at providing valuable information, that is economically useful to SMEs. This, together with actions to support the development of competitive intelligence as a strategic tool in their process of innovation, would be an excellent opportunity provided by the current situation.

Objectives: To detect the presence of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus in dental plaque of children from Cartagena and correlate it to dental caries precavity stages, applying a standardized PCR-based technique for epidemiological purposes.Methods: Descriptive study using a non-probabilistic sample of 50 children between 3 and 5 years of age, preschoolers from a Caribbean population in Colombia. Criteria for selection were that children should exhibit plaque accumulations on the surface of the cervical margins of the rearmost molars, and placed in one of two study groups: carious lesions and sound surfaces. Dental plaque samples from both groups were subjected to molecular analysis and statistical analysis was applied to determine the difference between the two groups using the frequencies of presence of S. mutans, S. sobrinus or both in the two groups applying Fisher's exact test for association between the presence of microorganisms and the state of the tooth surface from where the dental plaque was taken.Results: The frequency of S. mutans in carious lesions was 76% and 24% in healthy surfaces. The frequency of S. sobrinus in carious lesions was 81.9% and 18.1% in caries-free surfaces. There was statistical significance between the presence of S. mutans and the presence of caries (p=0.001) and between the presence of S. sobrinus (p=0.02) and the presence of caries. There was no statistical significance between the presence of caries and the simultaneous presence of both microorganisms (p=0.08).Conclusions: The presence of S. mutans and S. sobrinus in dental plaque samples is highly prevalent and associated to non cavitated carious lesions, being the molecular identification of these microorganisms by PCR a sensitive, fast, and easy to use detection method for the mutans group of oral bacteria.

Objetivo. Determinar la relacion cefalometrica entre la altura de la rama mandibular y las manifestaciones de las anomalias dentoesqueleticas, en radiografias laterales de craneo de pacientes sometidos a tratamientos de ortodoncia. Metodos. Estudio de tipo descriptivo transversal en una muestra de 173 radiografias cefalometricas de sujetos con edades entre 14 y 58 anos. Las variables analizadas fueron altura de la rama mandibular, clasificacion esqueletica, longitud del cuerpo mandibular, longitud maxilar, posicion anteroposterior del maxilar y la mandibula, direccion de crecimiento, angulo goniaco, sobremordida horizontal y vertical, edad y sexo. Estas mediciones se realizaron a traves de un Software (DOLPHIN 10.5). El analisis estadistico se realizo a traves del programa STATA 10.0, se usaron promedios, desviacion estandar y frecuencias. Para buscar relaciones entre variables se utilizo la prueba χ 2 , a un nivel de significancia de 0.05. Resultados. En las radiografias con rama larga se observo un mayor porcentaje de macrognatismo y angulo goniaco normal; asi mismo, en las radiografias con rama corta se evidencio mayor frecuencia de micrognatismo, retrusion mandibular, maloclusion Clase II esqueletica, y braquicefalicos. Conclusiones. Los resultados del presente estudio podrian aproximarnos a una identificacion oportuna de alteraciones dentoesqueleticas a traves de la valoracion cefalometrica de la rama mandibular, lo que aportaria al clinico informacion suficiente para simplificar el diagnostico de las maloclusiones en poblaciones del Caribe Colombiano como Cartagena.

Objetivo: Comparar La Ocurrencia De Fracturas Coronales Al Utilizar Como Cementos Temporales Coltosol F Y El Acido De Zinc Y Eugenol En Molares Permanentes En Diferentes Tiempos. Metodos: La Muestra Fue De 120 Dientes, Distribuidos En Forma Aleatoria En Dos Grupos A Dos Tipos De Cementos (Experimental; Coltosol Y Control; Oxido De Zinc). Los Dientes Fueron Sumergidos En Saliva Artificial A 37A‚ °C Durante 21 Dias Y Luego Se Evaluaron Con Microscopio Estereoscopico Para Medir La Presencia Y El Tipo De Fracturas De Acuerdo Al Tiempo, El Espesor De La Pared Y El Tipo De Diente. El Analisis De Los Datos Univariado Se Realizo A Traves De Proporciones Y En Los Bivariados Se Realizaron Tablas De Contingencia Y Se Aplico La Prueba Chi Cuadrado A Una Significancia De 0.05. Resultados: La Mayor Frecuencia De Fracturas Se Presento En Los Dientes Obturados Con Coltosol F, Con Un 25% Y De estos Los Dientes Que Mas Se Fracturaron Fueron Los Que Les Faltaba Una Pared. Con Respecto Al Tiempo, Los 21 Dias Fue El Periodo De Mayor Ocurrencia De Fracturas. Conclusiones: La Gran Expansion Higroscopica Que Sufre El Coltosol F En Una Cavidad Puede Llevar A Cambios En Las Estructuras Dentarias, Asi Como En Los Signos Y Los Sintomas, Al Desarrollo De La Infraccion Y A Ocurrencia De Fracturas Coronales, Es Importante Tener Presente El Espesor De Las Paredes Del Diente Que Va A Ser Restaurado O Rehabilitado.

Introduction and Objective: The interventions with health promotion and prevention programs had been used in vulnerable communities, in order to reduce operative dentistry. The aim of the present study was to analyze the knowledge and application of health and illness concepts, in families displaced by violence. Materials and Methods: This project is based on a qualitative methodological focus, supported in the participatory action investigation method, including constructive and hermeneutical tools. 15 lower-income families displaced by violence and whose children were scholarized, were selected. Data collection was done through educational workshops, individual structured interviews, focus groups and observation of people responsible for the care of the children. Categories analyzed included Health and general illness, health and oral illness, prevention, knowledge on treatment of oral illnesses, oral health habits and social practices. Results: The settlers managed to build a new knowledge in which health was established as a process constituted by different components such as social, mental, and physical welll-being. Similarly, this technique of teaching (IAP) allowed settlers to participate actively in the solution of their problems and difficulties, modifying vague concepts of health and illness and becoming involved in looking for solutions that improve their quality of life, self-esteem, motivation and sense of belonging to the community. Conclusions: It is fundamental to have a direct interaction with the community, in order to know all its social aspects in depth. This analysis will serve as a starting point in order to design educational strategies that will permit direct intervention of the community and improve their quality of life. Key words: Primary prevention, qualitative research, personal interactions, participatory action, social Interactions, oral hygiene, oral health knowledge.