Modern foraminiferal distributions are crucial for interpreting fossil assemblages in marginal seas, but surface-sediment data from the eastern China marginal seas (ECMS) remain fragmented. We compiled the largest basin-scale dataset of foraminiferal parameters from the Bohai Sea (BS), Yellow Sea (YS), East China Sea (ECS), and East China Sea-Taiwan Strait (ECS-TWS). Depending on the parameter, 1,869–3,432 stations were analyzed, with 1,657 matched stations used for correlation analysis. Results show a clear north–south gradient: benthic abundance increases markedly south of ~35°N, while planktonic abundance, species richness, and frequency (P%) shift abruptly near ~33.5°N. This turnover zone (33.5°N–35°N) is an ideal for studying warm–cold water convergence and East Asian monsoon dynamics. Planktonic foraminifera are nearly absent in the semi-enclosed BS and YS but abundant in the open ECS and ECS-TWS, reflecting temperature, hydrographic connectivity, and Kuroshio-related influence. Water depth plays a secondary, regionally dependent role via nearshore–offshore gradients (substrate, hydrodynamics, organic supply, etc.). Thus, latitudinal hydroclimatic belts are the primary control, with depth modifying local distributions. We establish quantitative P% thresholds for water-mass discrimination and key points for benthic proxies in bottom-water settings. This study provides a baseline reference for Late Quaternary paleoenvironmental reconstruction in the ECMS.

Sedimentary architecture dominated by transgression-regression cycles in the shallow Bohai shelf region contains information about global sea-level, climate and local tectonics. However, previous studies of transgression-regression cycles in this region at orbital timescales that extend back to the early Pleistocene are sparse. In this study, we present an integrated sedimentological, paleontological study of a 32.49 m (93kyr BP) core (HZK02) recovered from the Bohai Sea, China, for which an AMS 14C and five OSL dates-based age model is available. Compared with previous pollen study in the Bohai area, the results show that there were two significant transgressions that occur in MIS 5c, top part of MIS 2 and MIS 1, with abundant foraminifera from the near shore shallow sea of the continental shelf, corresponding with prevailing arboreal pollen dominated by Pinus and Quercus. While, terrestrial herbs such as Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae dominated during colder periods, such as MIS 4, MIS 5b, when sea levels dropped significantly, corresponding with a scarcity of foraminifera in terrestrial sediment layers from MIS 5b, MIS 5a, MIS 4, and MIS 3. We find that at depth of 8.18-6.10 m, with depth of only 2.08 m and very high sediment rate, the duration age last from 64,100 yr BP to 10,500 yr BP, which might indicate some missing part of the deposition of MIS 3 and MIS 2. The transgressions signal has been found in top part of MIS 2 sediment, hardly in MIS 3.

To investigate the carbon emissions and economic impacts arising from the participation China's provinces in global trade, this study analyzes carbon emission transfers between the provinces and other countries/regions. Additionally, the value-add-carbon emission imbalance among the provinces was also assessed by establishing a carbon imbalance index based on a compiled nested multi-regional input-output table (MRIOT) encompassing 30 provinces in China and 16 countries/regions worldwide. The results indicate that: ① Approximately two-thirds of provinces in mainland China received net carbon emissions from countries like the United States and the European Union, mainly in the less developed northwest, central, and northeast regions. ② International trade has led to significant carbon imbalances for China's provinces, with underdeveloped northwest regions experiencing the most severe imbalances. Specifically, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and Gansu Province exhibited much higher carbon imbalances than those of Yunnan Province in the southwest region and Shanghai and Guangdong in economically developed eastern and southern regions, respectively. ③ The disparity in industrial structure between eastern and western regions was a crucial factor contributing to trade-related carbon imbalances for provinces. Eastern regions primarily exported light industry, services, and electronic products, and southwestern region provinces exported agricultural products, with relatively low carbon emissions per unit value. Northern and northwestern regions mainly exported coal, steel, and chemical products, resulting in high carbon emission intensities. In summary, international trade has caused severe carbon imbalances for provinces in the northern and northwestern regions. Therefore, these provinces need to develop a new energy industry to lower the production-side carbon intensity and optimize industry structure. Furthermore, in future international trade negotiations, solutions should be proposed from the perspective of shared emission responsibilities to safeguard the interests of the underdeveloped central and western regions in China.

The benthic foraminiferal assemblages are commonly used to indicate different oxygenation conditions. In the last few decades, pore characteristics of the benthic foraminiferal tests from the micro-perspective using high-spatial-resolution analysis have been extensively suggested to indicate redox changes. Based on the whole test of the living shallow-infaunal species Bolivina robusta using a more representative and comprehensive method, we observed a significant negative correlation between the pore density (PD) and bottom dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, and the average PD was about 36% higher in hypoxic environments (DO<3 mg/l) than in oxic environments (DO>3 mg/l). In terms of reproduction pattern in hypoxic environments, the species seemed to mainly choose the asexual life cycle (74.60%) to get more small generations with larger pore size (PS) (asexual 7 μm vs. sexual 4 μm) and exterior ornamentation (irregular papillae) as their survival strategy. The results provide new insight into the benthic foraminiferal ecology to reconstruct the pale-oceanography and paleo-ecology changes in the East China Sea. Moreover, this study has the potential to be applied in broad regions as an independent proxy by comparison to other widely-distributed benthic foraminiferal species.

The Holocene mud wedge that extends from the Yangtze River mouth to the Taiwan Strait along the Zhejiang-Fujian coast, East China Sea, has attracted considerable research attention; however, the pre-Holocene sedimentary evolution of the same area has been less well documented owing to limited data. We conducted an integrated analysis of 7000 km of high-resolution shallow seismic profiles and two -60-80-m-long borehole cores from the Zhejiang coast of eastern China to improve our understanding of the formation of the mud wedge in the context of the post-Late Pleistocene sedimentary evolution of the coastal area. Five major seismic units (numbered SU 1 to SU 5 in descending order) and various subunits that have formed since Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 5 were identified in the study area. SU 5 is recognizable only in the southeastern part of the study area and is interpreted to comprise subtidal to inner-shelf deposits (SU 5b) that were formed during MIS 5 and littoral to tidal-flat deposits (SU 5a) that were formed during the overall sea-level fall of MIS 4 and early MIS 3 (-60-40 ka). These two subunits are divided by an intervening erosional surface that was likely generated by subaerial exposure of the study area during the sea-level lowstand of MIS 4. During the period from late MIS 3 to MIS 2, the study area was gradually exposed subaerially owing to further sea-level fall, with numerous small rivers incising the underlying strata to form a subaerial unconformity surface (T4). During the early postglacial transgression between -15.0 and - 14.0 ka, the study area was progressively flooded, and the river channels were transformed into small estuaries (tidal rivers) that then coalesced into a large-scale, wave-dominated estuary during sea-level rise from -14.0 to -10.0 ka. The sandy fluvial and/or tidal-river deposits above T4 constitute SU 4. The wave-dominated estuary included a central estuarine bay on the landward side and an estuary-mouth complex on the seaward side, corresponding to fine-grained (muddy) deposits (SU 3a) and coarsegrained (sandy) deposits (SU 3b), respectively. The estuarine deposition concluded with the formation of a transgressive ravinement surface by erosional shoreface retreat during the rising sea level in the early MIS 1 from -13.5 ka in the southeasternmost part of the study area to -10.0 ka in the area closer to the shore. During the following transgressive phase, the study area was under coastal to shelf sedimentary environments during deposition of SU 2a. Tidal sand ridges (SU 2b) in the eastern part of the study area were formed at -11.5 ka and have been active since then. The maximum flooding surface was formed at -7.6 ka, and a mud wedge (SU 1) in the study area (except in the eastern part) has been developing since that time and is interpreted to have resulted from the deposition of sediments derived predominantly from the Yangtze River under the modern current system established since the maximum flooding in the Middle Holocene. The study provides new insights into the paleoenvironmental and paleogeographic evolution and facies architecture of the Zhejiang coast since MIS 5, which were controlled by preexisting geomorphological conditions and changes in sea level, hydrodynamics, and sediment supply.

Based on the sedimentary features and pollen found in borehole BHS01, the Quaternary transgression and paleoenvironment of the Bohai Sea were reconstructed by divide the core into 13 spore-pollen assemblage zones that reflect environmental changes that have occurred since the late early Pleistocene. The results show paleovegetation zonation and paleogeographic changes, with paleoclimatic variations indicating significant fluctuations between cold and warm periods. Cold periods including Zones 1, 3, and 5 which correspond to terrestrial deposits, whereas warm periods in Zones 2, 4, and 6, and the paleoclimate warms between Zones 7 and 13 accompanied by an increase in the vegetation and number of plant species. In general, the Bohai Strait has stable sedimentary land development from 2.25 to 0.89 Ma when transgression began which may correspond to the development of the Bohai paleolake, and the strait began marine sedimentation later. The most recent transgression occurred during the Holocene (10.65 ka), the T-2 (MIS 3) transgression does not appear to have been recorded in the Bohai Strait, and the third marine phase was deposited no earlier than 0.24 Ma.

The environmental evolution and provenance of the sediments since 1.2 Ma penetrated by the borehole of JXC-1 in Northwestern Liaodong Bay are studied in this paper using the data from accelerator mass spectrometry C-14 dating, optically-stimulated luminescence dating, paleomagnetic dating, qualitative and quantitative analysis of benthic foraminifera, and the geochemistry analysis. Based on regional stratigraphic correlation, the evolution of sedimentary environment and provenance are discussed. The study suggests that large-scale transgression began by the end of Middle Pleistocene, and invaded into this region for three times from Late Middle Pleistocene to Holocene, in MIS 7, MI55, and MIS1, that is in consistent with the global pattern of sea level changes. The results of this study are different from previous researches in the Bohai Sea, which found three times of transgressions in MI55, MI53, and MIS1 respectively. There are two possibilities, either no transgression in the Bohai Sea, or the transgression did not enter Liaodong Bay during the time of MI53. Provenance analysis shows that the northwest of Liaodong Bay is a mixed depositional area. Sediments are mainly sourced from the Yellow River, Liaohe River (formerly Shuangtaizi River) and Daliao River. During the three marine phases, the sediments of the JXC-1 borehole came mainly from the Yellow River characterized by high content of CaO, and deposited under the control of Bohai Sea circulation and coastal currents. The sediments in depths of 36.00-46.00 m and 58.20-70.30 m of the borehole are high water level lacustrine sediments, mainly came from the Yellow River. However, the sediments in depths of 46.00-58.20 m are mainly brought in by the Liaohe and Daliao rivers. All these studies suggest that the sediments coming from the Yellow River may be distributed northward up to 40.5 degrees N. As a major conclusion different from previous understandings, this paper provides an important reference for the evolution of the sedimentary environment and the provenance of the Late Quaternary deposits of the Bohai Sea.

The Yangtze shoal lies east of the Yangtze (Changjiang) River estuary, China, at water depths of similar to 25-55 m and is one of the largest subaqueous, sheet-like sand banks in the world. Previous studies have not reached a consensus regarding its origin and timing of formation, mainly due to the scarcity of coring and high-resolution seismic profiling in the shoal. We recovered a 70.20-m-long sediment core (CRE-1402) through the sand shoal and acquired 1586 km of high-resolution shallow seismic profiles across the estuary and shoal. We conducted systematic analyses of the core, including its sedimentary characteristics, down-core changes in benthic for-aminiferal assemblages, and C-14 and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating. We also analyzed the seismic stratigraphy and integrated these results with data from other previously well-studied cores onshore and offshore of the Yangtze River mouth. Our results indicate that the stratigraphic architecture in the paleo-Yangtze estuary (i.e., the area from the present-day delta plain to the subaqueous delta and Yangtze Shoal) was controlled mainly by changes in sea level during the post-glacial transgression. The post-14 ka sedimentary successions in the paleo-estuary rest unconformably on fluvial or coastal deposits that formed mainly before MIS 1, and are separated by three distinctive bounding surfaces corresponding to MWP-1A, MWP-1B (?) or the rapid sea-level rise at ca. 11.5 ka shortly after the Younger Dryas cold period, and the 8.2 ka event, respectively, and the maximum marine flooding surface (MFS). The depositional unit of the Yangtze Shoal ranges in thickness from 6 to 32 m. The shoal exhibits large-scale, SW-dipping (generally 0.5 degrees-2 degrees) foresets with local cross-cutting of foresets, which are composed mainly of very fine- to medium-grained sands. The shoal is underlain by muddy intertidal to subtidal flat deposits that formed during the Younger Dryas, with an erosional surface corresponding to MWP-1B (?) or the rapid sea-level rise at ca. 11.5 ka between these and the shoal deposits. The Yangtze Shoal came into being mainly between ca. 11.5 and 7.0 ka in the form of tidal sand ridges actively moving southwestwards under intense and reciprocal tidal currents on a tidal shelf. The tidal sand ridges have evolved into sheet-like tidal sand banks with relatively low relief as a result of tidal remobilization under rotary tidal currents since ca. 7.0 ka when the MFS formed. Therefore, the Yangtze Shoal can be considered to comprise quasi-active tidal sand banks.

We have examined the possible use of Mn/Ca ratios in benthic foraminifera as a proxy for hypoxia, which has increasingly become a serious environmental issue in many coastal zones. We collected samples from the Yangtze River Estuary, one of the largest and most intense seasonally hypoxic zones in the world. In order to obtain high quality Mn/Ca data, unaffected by contamination, we examined two different cleaning protocols and instrument-based analysis methods. Our results showed that a relatively simple physical cleaning approach coupled to laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) provided excellent results on single specimens. Our observations were comparable to ICP analyses of solutions made up from dozens or even hundreds of specimens and involving complicated sample pretreatments. Using the LA methodology, we analyzed Mn/Ca ratios from living Florilus decorus (F. decorus) specimens from stations in the Yangtze River Estuary with varying bottom water dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations. Our results showed that Mn/Ca ratios in penultimate chambers of living benthic foraminifera are sensitive to bottom water DO concentrations. We also observed significant variations of both Mn/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios from different chambers within foraminiferal shell specimens. These fluctuations were likely a response to changing ambient water DO and temperature during the specimen’s growth history. Combined use of foraminiferal Mn/Ca ratios together with other proxies could provide a powerful tool for historical reconstruction of low oxygen conditions in seasonal hypoxia areas.

Foraminiferal taphocoenose characteristics, notably allochthonous tests in surface sediment samples from the Yangtze River Estuary and adjacent areas in the East China Sea, were examined during (July 2016) and after typhoon Nepartak (February 2017) crossed this region. A comparison of transport indices from five sample stations reveals that this typhoon significantly strengthened sediment transport, although the transport in predominate direction (TWCnorth branch) occurs all year. Moreover, findings from a comprehensive impact of currents, topography, test size, and shape, as well as other abiotic factors, show that transport occurs in the order (from stronger to weaker): south-north path >> southeast-northwest path>nearshore-northeast path. Along the south-north path, the TWCnorth branch transports larger tests of taxa Ammonia compressiuscula and Cavarotalia annectens as bed load along the gentle seabed in a rolling or saltating process. Results from the southeast-northwest path show smaller and bulging tests of the dominant species Epistominella naraensis and Bolivina robusta may be transported as suspension load along the steep submarine valley by the TWCnorthwest branch. On the nearshore-northeast path, only part of allochthonous tests Ammonia beccarii vars. was transported, probably due to distance traveled and weakening of the typhoon. Furthermore, we also infer the northeastern area as a sink zone that accumulates grains of allochthonous tests predominantly from the southern source zone, and a selection of tests from littoral species originating from the nearshore source zone. It is important to identify and independently count allochthonous test samples if a large number of these tests are recorded. Findings from this study provide a reference to identify and investigate typhoon modern effects in areas with complex currents and frequent strong physical dynamic events, as well as their geological records. Plain Language Summary This paper should be of interest to a broad readership, including those interested in evaluating the influence of typhoon to the bottom currents in shallow sea, the living and dead benthic foraminiferal studies, and the relationship between bottom currents with transport of foraminiferal tests. The study is the first time to use the foraminiferal taphocoenose characteristics, notably the allochthonous tests collected from surface sediments during (2016) and after typhoon Nepartak (2017), to documents the impact of typhoon on Yangtze River Estuary and adjacent areas in the East China Sea. The results also revealled a clear pathway for foraminiferal transport. Some of our results would provide a reference to identify and investigate typhoon modern effects in areas with complex currents and frequent strong physical dynamic events, as well as their geological records.

The phenomena of hypoxia and acidification in river estuary and offshore areas are increasing influenced by the anthropogenic activities and global change.The problem has being a hot topic in scientific researches and a-roused an extensive attention.This is a review about the marine hypoxia and acidification indicated by microscopic features in the benthic foraminiferal tests,and summarized the theoretical basis and methods of these indicators u-sing on the test features(diameter and weight),pore features(density,size and shape),test ornamentation(teeth and/or tubercules,flaps),test dissolution and abnormal tests caused by the recalcification,and identified the inter-ference factors in the results.We have pointed out several problems needed to pay more attention in the future re-searches,raised some operable advices and research orientations.The paper also aimed to more exactly use the in-dicators mentioned above in the future studies of our coastal hypoxia and acidification environment,and be used in the similar palaeoenvironmental evolution.

深海沉积物中有孔虫壳体的微量元素、同位素测试技术已较为成熟,而河口近海沉积物中有孔虫壳体元素微区测试却鲜有报道.本文报道了一种利用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)分析法测试取自长江口外沉积物中的有孔虫壳体元素/钙比值的技术,研究了氦气载气流量、能量密度、束斑大小、激光剥蚀频率等参数对测试结果的影响,优化了活体有孔虫原位分析方法.应用确定的测试条件对2016年7月取自长江口外的底栖有孔虫优美花朵虫样品(Florilus decors)进行测试,发现Mg、Sr等元素/钙比值在壳体不同位置上无显著差异,而Mn的数据较为离散,可能与有孔虫生长过程中经历的水环境及其变化有关.

Assessing pollen distribution patterns in the sea is essential to understanding pollen provenance, upon which subsequent interpretation of Quaternary pollen data from marine sediments in the same study area should be soundly based. Here we present palynological data from seafloor sediments in Laizhou Bay and analogous samples from its inflowing rivers to elucidate the distribution patterns and provenance of modern palynomorphs. Our results demonstrate that the pollen assemblages of marine areas are dominated by arboreal pollen types, especially Pinus, and herbaceous pollen types are dominated by Chenopodiaceae and Artemisia. The higher pollen concentrations occur in the southwest area of Laizhou Bay, and the lower pollen concentrations are mainly distributed in the nearshore area of the Yellow River estuary. Such pollen distribution patterns are tightly correlated with the distribution features of grain size of the surface sediments. Specifically, the sediments with higher pollen concentrations are of very fine and fine silts, whereas those with lower pollen concentrations are of fine sands. The results of PCA analysis suggest that pollen grains in the nearshore areas are mainly transported by water flows, of which herbaceous pollen show relatively higher concentrations; while pollen grains in the offshore areas are largely carried by winds, especially those pollen types with sacs, such as Pinus. Dissimilarity analysis between marine and alluvial samples indicates that the pollen spectrum show close linkage with the regional vegetation in the surrounding watersheds. Pollen quantitative characteristics and pollen assemblage changes in different parts of the marine areas indicate various pollen provenance and changing landscape of terrestrial vegetation, particularly along the inflowing rivers. Our Assessments on pollen distribution patterns and provenance based on palynological investigation would strongly aid Quaternary palaeoecological and palaeoclimatological interpretation for our study area.

Because the Bohai Sea is a semi-enclosed sea connected to the North Yellow Sea only via the Bohai Strait, its sedimentary evolution during the Quaternary has been complex. In particular, the timing of Quaternary transgressions, especially Pleistocene transgressions, in the region, has long been a matter of controversy. Thus, the sedimentary history of the Bohai Sea in the Quaternary is still poorly understood. Borehole core YRD-1101 (200.30m long), drilled in 2011 on the northern coast of the modern Yellow River delta, covers the last ~1.90Ma, as indicated by paleomagnetic measurements. Here we report the results of integrated analyses of the core, including its sedimentary characteristics, downcore changes in environmental proxies (benthic foraminifers and ostracods), and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dates. From ~1.9 to ~0.83Ma, the environment was fluvial. The first Quaternary transgression occurred at ~0.83Ma (the latest Early Pleistocene), presumably caused by minor subsidence of the Miaodao Islands Uplift. Several relatively weak transgressions occurred from ~0.83Ma to the end of the Middle Pleistocene, and three major marine sedimentary beds, here called T-3, T-2, and T-1 in ascending order, recorded in the early to middle MIS 5, the early MIS 3, and the middle to late Holocene, respectively, were presumably caused by major subsidence of the Miaodao Islands Uplift. In transgression strength, T-3 was weaker than T-2, which was basically the same as T-1. We interpret the change in transgression strength to reflect the interplay of sea-level changes, neotectonic subsidence, and sediment supply changes. Comparisons with other cores from around the Bohai Sea showed that the thickness of the Quaternary sedimentary sequence differs significantly among them, and both the T-2 and T-3 clearly display differences in thickness, facies sequence, and completeness among the cores, highlighting the important role of tectonic activity in the evolution of the Quaternary stratigraphy in the Bohai Bay Basin.

Surface sediment samples at 80 stations were collected from Laizhou Bay in the Bohai Sea, and the live and dead foraminifera were analyzed in order to understand the relationship between foraminiferal assemblages and environmental factors. Four representative zones (A, B, C and D) of natural stations were classified by the Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), based on the total (live plus dead) relative abundances of 25 species commonly observed in the study area. The distribution patterns of benthic foraminifera, especially the characteristic species, responded well to the slightly varying environment. In Zone A, the nearly consistent structural components of live and dead foraminifera indicate that there was no massive transportation process. Their distribution was mainly controlled by the deeper water depth, a higher bottom salinity and coarse sandy silt (ST) content. In Zone B, the high proportion of living miliolid tests might be related to the high-salinity tongues along the southern Laizhou Bay towards its center. The dilution effect of high sedimentation rate along the southern Yellow River (Huanghe) mouth led to the sparse amount of foraminiferal tests in Zone C. However, complex environmental factors limited the distribution and postmortem taphonomic process of the benthic foraminifera in Zone D. Under the coactions of large amounts of freshwater and nutrient from the Yellow River and some small rivers located in the western study area, and silt (T) substrates mainly from the suspended sediments of the Yellow River, the living group Cribrononion subincertum (Asano) and agglutinated species dominated in Zone D. Besides, part of the allochthonous miliolid tests from Zone B might have been transported and reburied along with the autochthonous species in Zone D due to the bottom circulation. Moreover, the small- and thin-shelled species C. subincertum that dominated in the living assemblages was poorly preserved or totally absent in the dead groups. It may have been transported as suspended load and redeposited by the circulation flowing towards the outer bay.

Poplar species increase expressions of transcription factors to deal with salt environments. We assessed the salt-induced transcriptional responses of heat-shock transcription factor (HSF) and WRKY1 in Populus euphratica, and their roles in salt tolerance. High NaCl (200mM) induced PeHSF and PeWRKY1 expressions in P. euphratica, with a rapid rise in roots than in leaves. Moreover, the salt-elicited PeHSF reached its peak level 6h earlier than PeWRKY1 in leaves. PeWRKY1 was down-regulated in salinized P. euphratica when PeHSF was silenced by tobacco rattle virus-based gene silencing. Subcellular assays in onion epidermal cells and Arabidopsis protoplasts revealed that PeHSF and PeWRKY1 were restricted to the nucleus. Transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing PeWRKY1 showed improved salt tolerance in terms of survival rate, root growth, photosynthesis, and ion fluxes. We further isolated an 1182-bp promoter fragment upstream of the translational start of PeWRKY1 from P. euphratica. Promoter sequence analysis revealed that PeWRKY1 harbours four tandem repeats of heat shock element (HSE) in the upstream regulatory region. Yeast one-hybrid assay showed that PeHSF directly binds the cis-acting HSE. To determine whether the HSE cluster was important for salt-induced PeWRKY1 expression, the promoter–reporter construct PeWRKY1–pro::GUS was transferred to tobacco plants. β-glucuronidase activities increased in root, leaf, and stem tissues under salt stress. Therefore, we conclude that salinity increased PeHSF transcription in P. euphratica, and that PeHSF binds the cis-acting HSE of the PeWRKY1 promoter, thus activating PeWRKY1 expression.

Light spectrum affects the yield and quality of greenhouse tomato, especially over a prolonged period of monochromatic light treatments. Physiological and chemical analysis was employed to investigate the influence of light spectral (blue, green and red) changes on growth, photosynthesis, stomatal behaviour, leaf pigment, and micronutrient levels. We found that plants are less affected under blue light treatment, which was evident by the maintenance of higher A, gs, Tr, and stomatal parameters and significantly lower VPD and Tleaf as compared to those plants grown in green and red light treatments. Green and red light treatments led to significantly larger increase in the accumulation of Fe, B, Zn, and Cu than blue light. Moreover, guard cell length, width, and volume all showed highly significant positive correlations to gs, Tr and negative links to VPD. There was negative impact of monochromatic lights-induced accumulation of Mn, Cu, and Zn on photosynthesis, leaf pigments and plant growth. Furthermore, most of the light-induced significant changes of the physiological traits were partially recovered at the end of experiment. A high degree of morphological and physiological plasticity to blue, green and red light treatments suggested that tomato plants may have developed mechanisms to adapt to the light treatments. Thus, understanding the optimization of light spectrum for photosynthesis and growth is one of the key components for greenhouse tomato production.

以信息计量学为支撑的资源语义化是当前数字图书馆领域逐渐兴起的研究热点.围绕发文共现与耦合、引文共现与耦合、发文-引文共现3个层面对数字文献资源中的元数据概念及其中的计量语义关系进行全面揭示和扩散推演,进一步系统化地构建了由计量分析产生的概念与关系所构成的,具有本体模型、语义网络以及社会网络的共有特性的数字文献资源计量语义网络.

The records of benthic foraminifera and lithology of a 35.60-m-long core in the East China Sea off the Changjiang (Yangtze River) estuary were used to decipher the paleoenvironmental changes over the last 13,000 years. The result suggests three stages of environmental evolution: a littoral environment dominated by tide influence in the period of Younger Dryas (YD) (about 13,000–11,500calyrBP), a nearshore to shallow-sea environment in the early-mid Holocene (11,500–4600calyrBP), and a shallow-sea environment with significant hypoxia since the last 4600 years. The alternation of the low-oxygen foraminiferal assemblages (LOFA) and oxic foraminiferal assemblages (OFA) suggests a weakening hypoxia condition during 4600–2000calyrBP, which may be linked to factors such as the weakening of Taiwan Warm Current (TWC), a stronger East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM), a moderate water depth with stable sea-level and sufficient supply of terrigenous organic materials. Together with the above mentioned factors, human activities might explain the low-oxygen conditions over the past 400 years. However, the hypoxic process was discontinued during the period of 0.6–0.4calkaBP, possibly due to the cold climate during Little Ice Age (LIA), which weakened EASM and reduced Total Solar Irradiance (TSI). This study confirms that the species of Epistominella naraensis, Bolivina spp., Bulimina marginata and Ammonia convexidorsa could be used as indicators for hypoxia while the Quinqueloculina spp. as a sensitive indicator of bottom oxygen levels at the core site.