Introduction: In this study, we explored if low vision or blindness affects adaptive functioning in individuals with and without intellectual disabilities, using the adaptive ability performance test (ADAPT). Method: Two hundred and nine ADAPTs were collected from individuals with low vision and blindness who were in care or lived independently. ADAPT scores were compared with 2642 ADAPT scores from sighted individuals. Separate comparisons were made for intellectually disabled and nonintellectually disabled groups. Results: ADAPT scores of low vision and blind individuals in both intellectually disabled and nonintellectually disabled groups were significantly lower than those of sighted individuals. ADAPT scores did not differ significantly between low vision and blind individuals. Reference values were established for individuals with visual impairments with and without intellectual disabilities. Discussion: Despite some limitations of this study, we conclude that adaptive skills are lower in individuals with visual impairments than in sighted individuals. Cross-cultural studies are required. Information for Practitioners: The results of this study provide insight into adaptive skills in individuals with visual impairments. Reference data on the ADAPT can be used for the classification of (the severity of) intellectual disabilities and assessment of the need for support or training of adaptive skills, which makes the ADAPT a useful instrument for professionals who work with individuals with visual impairments with and without intellectual disabilities.

BACKGROUND:The adaptive ability performance test (ADAPT) was developed to assess adaptive skills in individuals with intellectual disabilities and borderline intellectual functioning, with or without mental disorders. As a follow-up to earlier research on the ADAPT, a factor analytic study was conducted.METHOD:One thousand and sixty six ADAPTs from clients with (suspected) intellectual disabilities or borderline intellectual functioning and 129 ADAPTs from participants from the general population were collected along with other characteristics (e.g., IQ, psychiatric classifications, living situation).RESULTS:An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed and resulted in good fit indices. Subsequent confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and multigroup CFA showed acceptable to good fit indices. This resulted in an instrument with eight factors and 62 items.CONCLUSION:Factor analytic results suggest that the ADAPT is a valid instrument that measures adaptive skills in individuals with intellectual disabilities or borderline intellectual functioning.

Community safety skills for people with intellectual disabilities to ensure personal safety and are valued by individuals with intellectual disability and their carers alike, although individuals with intellectual disability remain at greater risk of injuries than the general population. This chapter reports the results of a systematic review of the safety literature. Studies that addressed responding to lures from strangers, being lost in the community, road safety, bullying, first aid, and putting out a fire. Results on acquisition of these skills through procedures, such as modeling, behavioral skills training were quite positive. Data on generalization were mixed and there was insufficient data on long-term maintenance. The chapter concludes with practitioner recommendations and a case study illustrating the applications of these research findings.

Abstract Background Since the DSM‐5, adaptive functioning has taken a prominent place in the classification of intellectual disability (ID). The ADAPT was developed to assess adaptive skills in individuals with ID. Method A total of 2,081 ADAPTs from clients with suspected ID or borderline intellectual functioning and 129 ADAPTs from people from the general population (non‐ID) were collected, along with background characteristics. Results Internal consistency of the ADAPT was high (α = 0.98). ADAPT scores were positively associated with IQ, educational level and level of independent living. Furthermore, individuals without ID scored significantly higher than the clients on all of the 65 ADAPT items. Reference values were established for different IQ groups and living situations. Conclusion Results suggest that the ADAPT is a valid instrument for measuring adaptive skills in individuals with ID. The reference values may be used for the purpose of estimating the level of ID and the needed intensity of support.

Routine Outcome Monitoring (ROM) wordt door veel professionals vooral geassocieerd met benchmarking en zorgverzekeraars, oftewel met ‘ROM omdat het moet’. ROM is echter primair een klinisch ondersteuningsinstrument, met aangetoond nut voor behandelaar en cliënt.