The permeability of reservoirs is a key factor affecting the exploitation and utilization of geothermal resources. This test used a core flow meter and other advanced experimental devices to investigate the evolution of the permeability characteristics of loose sandstone samples (with a diameter of 25 mm and a length of 50 mm) in the Zijiao Town area under various temperatures, confining pressures, injection rates, and cyclic loading and unloading conditions. The results show that (1) as the temperature increases, the overall trend of rock permeability decreases, which is mainly related to the thermal expansion of rock particles. In addition, the higher the temperature, the greater the gravel outflow. (2) The critical pressure for pore closure in the unconsolidated sandstone in the region is approximately 15 MPa. (3) The permeability change of loose sandstone under low injection rate conditions is relatively small and can be neglected. However, there is reason to believe that under high-flow injection conditions, the permeability of this type of rock mass will undergo significant changes. (4) Under the condition of loading and unloading, the permeability ratio curve of the unloading stage at three temperatures is almost a straight line. The higher the temperature, the smaller the slope, and the permeability at 20 °C with the highest recovery degree is only about 50% of the initial one.

为进一步探究山东埕宁隆起区域内热储资源量,制定合理可持续的开发方案,为地热资源的进一步勘探和综合开发提供科学依据,本次研究结合野外地质调查测试结果及以往成果资料,分析了区内地热流体成因,并采用热储法与综合指数法,对寒武系—奥陶系岩溶热储进行资源量估算及开发前景分析.结果表明:区内寒武系—奥陶系岩溶热储可利用地热资源量为1.97×1019 J,折合标准煤6.72×108 t;地热流体年均可采量为29 777.40万m3/a;具备未来开采条件的区域面积为1 538.29 km2,占岩溶热储总面积的86.18％.区内寒武系—奥陶系岩溶热储具有较高的开发利用潜力,应加大勘查力度,推进开发利用进程.

D19井是雄安新区地热清洁能源调查评价项目中的一个勘探井.钻探施工过程中,对多种钻进工艺、钻具钻头、钻井液等关键技术进行研究应用,提高了深部地热钻探施工效率,解决了D19井中复杂地层钻进困难的难题,实现了对目标热储层的保护,顺利地完成了钻探施工任务,通过测录井及抽水试验等手段查明了地质构造及热储特征.文章对D19井钻探关键工艺技术及成果进行了总结,可以为类似钻探项目提供技术支撑,有利于推动深部地热钻探的发展.

针对目前地热钻探中,在花岗岩、片麻岩等硬岩地层中机械钻速低的问题,引入一种机械式旋冲螺杆钻具,先后在JHR-1井花岗岩地层及HG-1井片麻岩地层中进行了试验应用.与普通螺杆钻具相比,旋冲螺杆钻具在JHR-1井Ø215.9 mm井段、HG-1井Ø215.9 mm井段和Ø311.2 mm井段机械钻速分别提高了10%、8.4%和7.6%,同时,旋冲螺杆钻具使用过程中未产生其他副作用.试验证明使用旋冲螺杆钻具可以有效地提高花岗岩、片麻岩等硬岩地层的机械钻速,为旋冲螺杆钻具在硬岩地层地热钻探中的应用推广打下了基础.

The application potential and environmental benefits of ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems have become the focal points of decarbonization in the building sector. Synchronized and scientific analysis of GSHP systems' environmental and economic performance, however, remains lacking. This study analyzes the application prospects of GSHP systems via a life cycle assessment-based life cycle costing method, and considers China's actual status quo. The internal and external annual costs of a GSHP system per square meter are $ 4.05 and $ 1.37, respectively. Electricity generation and steel production are key processes to improve the environmental performance of a GSHP system further. Compared with coal-based heating, a GSHP system can mitigate 65%-95% of the environmental impact and 85% of external costs, except for the metal depletion impact which is 1.5 times higher than that of coal-based heating. In Shandong Province, promoting GSHP systems can substitute up to 69.4% of the district heating area, which implies reductions in fossil depletion, greenhouse gas emissions, human health impact, ecosystem quality impact, and external costs by up to 2.37 x 10(10) kg oil eq, 1.08 x 10(11) kg CO2 eq, 3.87 x 10(5) DALY, 1.18 x 10(3) Species. year, and $ 2.51 x 10(10), respectively. In consideration of environmental and economic aspects, a GSHP system can exhibit benefits compared with coal-based heating after 2.34 years of operation. To improve the economic and environmental performance of GSHP systems, a series of recommendations on financial subsidies, renewable energy development, inter-regional power transmission, steel scrap utilization, and hydrogen reduction steelmaking is provided.

为保证地热资源可持续开发利用,深入开展回灌工程采灌井合理井距研究、防止短时间内发生热突破是地热领域的重大关切.本文根据全井段测温结果,对砂岩热储不同采灌工程地温场变化特征进行了分析.研究表明:随着回灌年度的增加,冷水范围越来越大,热量对回灌井有效补给路径变长,回灌井热储段温度曲线波动幅度越小;当采灌井距较小、底部温度相对较低时,回灌冷水会对开采井造成影响,致使开采井热储温度降低;在回灌初期热对流在热量恢复中占主导作用,随着回灌年数的增加,冷水范围越来越大,热对流对温度场恢复的作用逐渐减弱,周边和相邻隔水层热传导在温度恢复中的作用越来越显著,温度恢复越来越慢,因此,在规模化回灌条件下,热突破是必然的.

Geothermal energy is considerably encouraged by governments because it offers a low-carbon renewable option to satisfy the long-term heat demand. However, to date research on systematic and scientific evaluations of the environmental benefits of geothermal heating is limited. Therefore, compared with the traditional coal-fired heating system, the cleanliness of geothermal heating is examined by employing the life cycle assessment approach in this study. Results show that the environmental impacts of geothermal heating are considerably less than those of coal-fired heating, and geothermal heating with water reinjection is the most ideal scenario. Environmental benefits linearly increase with the injection rate growth of geothermal water. Compared with coal-fired heating for per GJ of heat generation, geothermal heating can lead to 77%, 76%, and 78% reductions in terms of particulate formation, carbon emission, and fossil energy depletion, respectively. The electricity consumption process is the main contributor to the overall environmental burden of geothermal heating. Instead of coal power for geothermal heating, the actual hybrid electricity of China in 2017 (i.e., 64.7% coal power, 18.6% hydropower, 4.7% wind power, 1.8% solar energy) can lead to 27%, 33%, and 27% reductions in fossil depletion, carbon emission, and particulate formation for per GJ of heat production, respectively. These findings not only indicate the feasibility of using geothermal resources to address carbon emissions, energy crisis, and air quality issues, but also demonstrate benefits for human health and ecosystem quality. Furthermore, the results highlight the importance of generating electricity with clean energy in geothermal heating. Thus, generating electricity with clean energy instead of coal is necessary to further reduce the environmental impact of geothermal heating.

为保证地热资源的可持续开采,防止地热尾水回灌时发生热突破现象,文章系统整理了地热井权益保护半径的计算方法.通过理论推导,发现开采井权益保护半径的计算方法有3个不足之处:(1)公式中参数f定义为水比热与热储岩石比热的比值,存在缺陷;(2)热储回收率取值0.15,较为片面,不能代表不同岩性热储回收率的取值;(3)计算时间固定为36500 d,较为片面,不适用于地热井间歇开采期.针对上述问题,该文重新给定了参数f的定义,并将热储回收率和开采时间以变量符号替代,可根据不同热储层和具体开采时间加以确定.通过研究不同回灌井权益保护半径计算方法的适用条件,提出应根据(β-1-α)与3λ的大小关系选择不同的计算公式.对开采井和回灌井权益保护半径计算公式进行对比,发现开采井权益保护半径恒大于回灌井权益保护半径,并以德城区水文家园开采系统和回灌系统为例进行计算,验证了理论推导的结果.

The features of a life cycle toxicity assessment (LCTA) model include regionalization, uncertainties, and geographical variability. This study provides a simplified and regionalized LCTA to improve the evaluation of regional toxicity impact based on a case study of deep-brine well drilling in China. Uncertainty analysis was conducted using Taylor series expansions. The proposed LCTA can efficiently quantify the toxicity impact and identify its key contributing factors. Results show that the key factors contributing to the toxicity impact of deep-brine well drilling are steel, electricity, and direct pollutant emissions generated from fluid loss and waste (i.e., waste drilling fluid and drilling cuttings) disposal during drilling. The most significant substances are mercury and arsenic to water, copper and barium to soil, and vanadium to air. Selecting a drilling fluid with low heavy metals, decreasing the consumption of energy and raw materials, reducing the drilling fluid loss, and optimizing the waste disposal are effective approaches to reduce the overall toxicity impact of deep-brine well drilling.

Underground brine in Shandong province mainly distributed in Bohai Sea and Jiaozhou Bay coastal areas .The total distribution areas are about 3003 .11km2 ,total static reserves (333+334)is about 807734 . 3m3 ,and total recoverable amount is about 28721 .9m3/a .Exploitation of brine resources mainly concen-trated in south bank of Laizhou Bay ,such as Shouguang city ,Hanting district ,Changyi city ,Laizhou cit-y ,and the Yellow River Delta as Zhanhua county ,Dongying district and Guangrao county .Development and utilization are shallow brine resources buried within 100m .It is mainly used for extracting salt and bromine .Brine extraction amount is about 31697 .9 × 104 m3 in 2008 .Due to the different levels of brine ex-ploitation ,over exploitation areas have been formed in some areas ,and formed groundwater depression cone .Using exploitation potentiality coefficient method ,brine resources distribution area have been divid-ed into potentiality area ,balanced area and over exploited area .

Abstrct:Deep karst thermal reserves distribute in Jiyang depression area,convex(latern)area of Linqing depression and Luzhong uplift area,southwestern latern uplift area in Shandong province and Yishu fault belt.Its distribution square is about 44000km2,and the distribution ranges are the same with the strata in Cambrian-Ordovician period.Deep karst reserves can be divide into deep crack-karst reserve and deep karst-crack reserve with the characters of layer type and strip type.On the basis of previous research results and the ideas of the authors,burying,distribution,water quality,characteristics of geothermosite,developing law of deep karst and the forming condition of geothermal fluid have been analyzed.It will provide help for development and utilization of thermal reserve.

电测深曲线的理论解释方法有量板法、辅助量板法和计算机反演等,但这些方法不适用于野外操作,本文结合鲁西北地区抗旱打井论述了利用拐点切线法解释电测深曲线的基本方法.

Due to over exploitation of underground brine water in many years,many underground brine funnels have been formed in south coast of Laizhou Bay.Based on long term observational datas of water level in brine mining field,dynamic changes of underground brine water level are analyzed systematically,the relationship between the brine water level and the mining amount is identified,and the correlation equation is established.As showed by the equation,the water level is directly determined by the mining amount.It will provide a scientific basis for improving geological environment and rational use of brine resources.

Due to massive exploitation of geothermal water in Dezhou city in many years, geothermal water level continued to decline, and formed a geothermal water depression cone centered in Dezhou City. Based on the analysis of water dynamics and geothermal exploitation rate in Guantao geothermal reservoir, the relationship between the amount of geothermal water withdrawed and water dynamics has been verified, and the impact of human activities have been furtherly revealed, and the correlation equation between the amount of geothermal water withdrawed and water dynamics has been set up. Through analysis on the e- quation trend, a warning exploitation rate of geothermal water in Guantao reservoir is put forward. It will provide a rational and scientific basis for the sustainable development and utilization of geothermal resource.

On the basis of collecting and analyzing the newly gained information,major ecological environment problems occurred in the downstream of the Yellow river are introduced in this paper,such as water pollution,water resource deficiency,ground subsidence,ground crack,ground collapse,sand liquefaction,soil salinization and instability of the dyke.Countermeasures for protecting ecological environment problems are put forward as well.It will have a high reference value in national resource exploitation,flood control,disaster protection and prevention,and eco-geological environment protection.

In order to study soil recovery quality by using air sparging method, 13 days experiment is carried out in the field. Its is proved that adsorption type and residual type oil hydrocarbon in soil can contacted each other by using air sparging method, which can get rid of oil hydrocarbon through volatiliztion and aerobiont plants. It provides scientific basis for recovering plants polluted by oil.

Due to long-time exploitation of deep underground water in Decheng district of Dezhou city, large square of funnels have been formed, and surface collaspe have been formed as well. In order to protect geological environment and deep underground water resource in Dezhou city, artificial recharge experiment of deep underground water was carried out in 2002. Achievements of artificial recharge experiment is introduced in this paper, possibility, social and economic, environment efficacy have been analysed as well.