目的 比较Victoria blue法(A组)和Verhoeff法(B组)弹力纤维染色在染色过程、染色时间、染色效果方面对肺癌胸膜侵犯和结直肠癌浆膜或静脉侵犯判读的差异.方法 A组、B组均分别纳入肺癌怀疑胸膜侵犯标本50例和结直肠癌怀疑浆膜或静脉侵犯标本20例,进行弹力纤维染色.对比2组染色过程、染色时间、染色效果;根据染色稳定性、清晰度、对比度等综合评价胸膜侵犯和浆膜或静脉侵犯情况,并对染色质量及判读准确性进行评分.结果 A组比B组操作简单,染色质量稳定,肿瘤细胞与脏层胸膜、浆膜或静脉的关系显示更清晰.A组判读评分高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 Victoria blue法染色有助于准确评估肺癌的胸膜侵犯和结直肠癌浆膜或静脉的侵犯,提高判读准确性.

Esophageal submucosal tumors are rare, but their pathological types are diverse. In addition to the relatively common leiomyomas, some rare submucosal lesions are occasionally reported. Waldeyer’s ring is described as a unique subtype of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, located in the naso-oropharynx. Studies have reported that Waldeyer’s ring is the most common site of primary extranodal lymphoma in the head and neck. Interestingly, we encountered an esophageal submucosal tumor-like lesion similar to the tonsillar structures of Waldeyer’s ring. A 38-year-old man underwent esophagoscopy after experiencing swallowing discomfort for 3 months. A protruding submucosal mass with slightly rough mucosa was found at the cervical esophagus approximately 20 cm from the incisors. Considering the possibility of the coexistence of a submucosal tumor and a mucosal lesion, as well as the continuous symptoms of swallowing discomfort, the patient underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection. The lesion was removed en bloc. However, histology revealed a lesion similar to the tonsillar structure of Waldeyer’s ring between the lamina propria and submucosa. The patient was followed up for 6 months without recurrence or complaints. We report a new submucosal lesion and discuss its origin and treatment. Diagnostic ESD might be an effective option until its malignant potential is clarified.

目的 观察自制珍黄亚微乳喷雾对急性咽炎模型大鼠的治疗作用.方法 将大鼠随机分为5组(模型组、空白组、空白亚微乳组、六神丸组、珍黄亚微乳组),每组6只,除空白组不进行处理外,其他各组通过15％氨水连续喷喉3 d的方法制备大鼠急性咽炎模型;造模成功后,模型组大鼠腹主动脉取血,处死,摘除咽壁组织,备用;空白亚微乳组、六神丸组、珍黄亚微乳组分别给予空白亚微乳、六神丸、珍黄亚微乳等药物治疗4 d,后腹主动脉取血,处死,摘除咽壁组织,备用.观察各组对模型动物病理状态和血清中白细胞介素-1(IL-1)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)表达的影响.结果 与模型组相比,六神丸组、珍黄亚微乳组可明显改善大鼠急性咽炎的炎症病变、同时对模型动物血清中的IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α的表达有抑制作用.结论 珍黄亚微乳对大鼠的急性咽炎有治疗作用,但治疗效果与六神丸没有明显差异性.

AbstractEsophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is more prevalent than esophageal adenocarcinoma in Asia, especially in China, where more than half of ESCC cases occur worldwide. Many studies have reported that the automatic detection of lymph node metastasis using semantic segmentation shows good performance in breast cancer and other adenocarcinomas. However, the detection of squamous cell carcinoma metastasis in hematoxylin‐eosin (H&E)‐stained slides has never been reported. We collected a training set of 110 esophageal lymph node slides with metastasis and 132 lymph node slides without metastasis. An iPad‐based annotation system was used to draw the contours of the cancer metastasis region. A DeepLab v3 model was trained to achieve the best fit with the training data. The learned model could estimate the probability of metastasis. To evaluate the effectiveness of the detection model of learned metastasis, we used another large cohort of clinical H&E‐stained esophageal lymph node slides containing 795 esophageal lymph nodes from 154 esophageal cancer patients. The basic authenticity label for each slide was confirmed by experienced pathologists. After filtering isolated noise in the prediction, we obtained an accuracy of 94%. Furthermore, we applied the learned model to throat and lung lymph node squamous cell carcinoma metastases and achieved the following promising results: an accuracy of 96.7% in throat cancer and an accuracy of 90% in lung cancer. In this work, we organized an annotated dataset of H&E‐stained esophageal lymph node and trained a deep neural network to detect lymph node metastasis in H&E‐stained slides of squamous cell carcinoma automatically. Moreover, it is possible to use this model to detect lymph nodes metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma from other organs. This study directly demonstrates the potential for determining the localization of squamous cell carcinoma metastases in lymph node and assisting in pathological diagnosis.

Liposarcoma of the stomach is extremely rare, and only 37 cases have been reported worldwide. We herein report two cases of liposarcoma of the stomach. The first patient was referred to our hospital with upper abdominal discomfort. The endoscopic examination revealed a tumor mass about 3 cm in diameter. The patient underwent a partial gastrectomy and had an uneventful recovery. The histopathological examination revealed a well-differentiated liposarcoma. The second patient had symptoms of upper abdominal discomfort combined with nausea and anorexia. Several palpable masses were found with endoscopy. Endoscopic submucosal dissection was the treatment used, and the postoperative course was uneventful. The histopathological diagnosis was a well-differentiated liposarcoma. The two patients did not undergo any adjuvant therapy. They are both currently in good condition without recurrence. Therefore, we believe that the outcome of liposarcoma of the stomach is positive, and surgical resection may be the first choice for treatment at present.