Since its emergence, the COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly and extensively affected global health and society. Numerous studies have focused on detecting SARS-CoV-2 in air samples collected in healthcare indoor spaces, but few have analysed its presence in air samples from other public community spaces. In addition, limited studies have surveyed indoor spaces where it was not known if individuals with COVID-19 were present or had been present at the time of sampling. This study aimed to determine the SARS-CoV-2 genetic load in aerosol samples collected in public community indoor environments where prior knowledge of the presence of infected individuals with COVID-19 cases is not available at the time of sampling. Air samples (N = 497) were collected from healthcare settings, elderly care homes, and educational settings in the Valencian Community, Spain. RNA was extracted and the N1, N2, and E gene fragments of SARS-CoV-2 were quantified using RT-qPCR. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 8.9 % of air samples. The highest positivity rates were observed in hospitals (16.2 %), elderly care homes (15.3 %), and primary care centres (12.7 %). Concentration of the N1 gene in positive samples ranged 4.3–504 gc/m3 (n = 10), 6.2–77 gc/m3 (n = 8) and 5.1–14 gc/m3 (n = 7), respectively. The genes N2 and E were less frequently detected and generally reported lower concentrations. The frequency of detection of SARS-CoV-2 in aerosols increased at the same time that the population COVID-19 cumulative incidence increased.

Methods: Fluoride was measured in drinking water (DW) and in urine (1st and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy). The 369 mother-children pairs of the Spanish INMA cohort participating in the study reported their drinking water habits (Fluorinated DW, non-Fluorinated DW or bottled water (BW)). Maternal urine fluoride creatinine adjusted (MUFcr) levels at both trimesters were determined and neuropsychological assessment at 1 and 4 years of age was performed. For neuropsychological assessment the Bayley Scales (1 y) and the McCarthy Scales (4-5 years) were used. Multivariate linear regression models were built with the following neuropsychological domains as outcomes: Mental Index (Bayley) and Verbal, Perceptive-Manipulative, Numeric, Memory and General Cognitive (McCarthy)). Results: The percentage of mothers drinking FDW, NFDW and BW was 23.9%, 35% and 39.8% respectively. Fluoride mean levels were 0.81, 0.1-0.25 and <0.1-0.48 mg/L in FDW, non-FDW and BW, consecutively. MUFcr mean levels of entire pregnancy (mg F/g creatinine) (mean; 95% CI) were different (p<0.001) for those drinking FDW ((0.91 (0.83, 0.99), NFDW (0.45 (0.41, 0.49)) and BW (0.64 (0.6, 0.69)). No association was detected between MUFcr levels and Mental Index (Bayley). An increase of 1 unit in MUFcr during the entire pregnancy was related to a higher score on the perceptual-manipulative (5.13 (0.52, 9.74)) and the general cognitive (4.8 (0.13, 9.47)) McCarthy scales., MUFcr levels at 32th week of pregnancy were associated with higher verbal, memory and general cognitive scores in boys (p for interaction <0.05). Conclusions: Positive associations between fluoride levels during pregnancy and neuropsychological development at 4 years of age were found. Detrimental effects of fluoride in neurodevelopment were not supported by our data.

TPS 741: Adverse birth outcomes 2, Exhibition Hall, Ground floor, August 28, 2019, 3:00 PM - 4:30 PM Background/Aim: Selenium (Se) plays an important role in preventing damage from oxidative stress during pregnancy. Although some studies have previously evaluated the relationship between Se concentration and anthropometric outcomes at birth, the results are inconclusive. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between maternal Se concentrations and anthropometric outcomes at birth, as well as prematurity, considering socio-demographic and dietary factors. Methods: Study subjects were 1249 mother–child pair participants in two Spanish areas of the INMA cohort (Valencia and Gipuzkoa, recruitment: 2003-2008). Se was measured in serum samples collected during the first trimester of pregnancy. Socio-demographic, lifestyle and dietary information was also collected through questionnaires during the same period. Anthropometric outcomes were measured as child weight, length and head circumference at birth, and data on preterm births were also collected. Multivariate generalised linear regression models were built in order to assess the association between prenatal exposure to Se and both anthropometric outcomes and preterm birth. Results: The mean Se concentration was 79.57 ± 9.64 μg/L. A significant inverse association was observed between Se levels and child's head circumference (p-value 0.083). Se was also negatively, but not significantly, related to the newborn's weight and length, and a non-significant positive relationship was found with preterm birth. Several covariates were associated with outcomes, such as: smoking, which decreases anthropometrics; parents' height and male gender, which increases anthropometrics; parity, which increases anthropometrics and decreases prematurity; and mother's age, which increases prematurity. Conclusions: Maternal serum Se levels in our population are similar to those observed in the rest of the country and they are within the range of recommendations. Results of the present study suggest that higher maternal Se serum levels are related to lower anthropometric birth outcomes and higher prematurity. Funding: CP15/0025, FIS16/1288, FIS PI06/0867, FISPI09/00090, FISPI13/22187, FI17/00260, Basque Government 201511106

TPS 931: Water and foodborne chemicals, Exhibition Hall, Ground floor, August 28, 2019, 3:00 PM - 4:30 PM Background / Aim: The fluorination of drinking water is a public health measure used to prevent dental caries in children. Epidemiological studies carried out in areas with very high fluoride levels in drinking have shown that children living in these areas have lower scores on neuropsychological functions compared to those living in control areas. Methods: Fluorine levels in urine were determined in pregnant women from 438 mothers (INMA Project) http://www.proyectoinma.org/) in the 1st and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy. Infant neuropsychological development was assessed around 14 months of age by the Bayley Scales and at 4-5 years of age using a standardized version of the McCarthy Scales. Multivariate linear regression models were built for the six conventional domains (Verbal, Perceptive-Manipulative, Numeric, Memory, Motor and General Cognitive). Results: 37% of mothers resided in fluoridated drinking areas (1mg/l in water).The mean fluoride level in urine of the residents in fluorinated areas (0.83 mg/l) was significantly higher than in the non-fluorinated areas (0.45 mg/l). No association was found between fluoride levels in maternal urine and standardized scores for mental and psychomotor development at 14 months. At the age of 4-5 years, an increase of 1 mg/l in the level of fluoride in urine during pregnancy (mean level of 1st and 3rd trimesters) was related to a higher score on the perceptual-manipulative scale of 4.44 (0.13, 0.75) points. Taking into account the window of prenatal exposure, at week 32 the level of fluorine was associated with an increase of 4.11 (0.28, 7.94) points in verbal function, 3.57 (-0.03, 7.18) in perceptive-manipulative and 3.97 (0.29, 7.65) in general cognitive. Conclusions: Prenatal exposure at the levels found in fluorinated drinking water may exert a beneficial effect on the development at 4 years of age. At low doses, fluoride could present a dose-response pattern with a beneficial effect.

Traditionally, concrete has been used in radiotherapy rooms, in nuclear fuel containers, in nuclear power plant foundations and other structures using large thicknesses to shield the radiation. Currently, the development of concrete technology allows us to produce cement-based composite materials incorporating fibers, improving mechanical properties, additives and additions, increasing certain properties such as the shielding against ionizing radiation. This paper explores the possibility of building protective walls using different specialized concrete skins, which protect against neutron radiation generated by nuclear fuels. The paper validates a lightweight neutron protection concrete for high and low activity containers considering the worst conditions of use. It has been proven that the mechanical properties, durability and behavior under fast increases of temperature are suitable for purpose. The studied concrete incorporates natural limestone aggregate, polyvinyl alcohol fibers and boron carbide as a neutron absorber. After exposure to thermal gradients of 100 degrees C, 300 degrees C, 500 degrees C, 700 degrees C and 1000 degrees C, the concrete is characterized by its residual physical and mechanical properties and its microstructural topography. Results show a reduction in mechanical properties, a decrease in the continuity of the material detected by ultrasonic impulse propagation and an increase in the presence of voids in the microstructure.

TPS 631: Metals and health 1, Johan Friso Foyer, Floor 1, August 27, 2019, 3:00 PM - 4:30 PM Background/Aim: Manganese (Mn) is an essential element for humans, its main source being the diet. Some epidemiological studies have found that a prenatal excess of Mn could negatively affect neuropsychological development during infancy. However, the evidence is inconclusive and the shape of this relationship has been scarcely evaluated. The aim of this study was to explore the association between maternal Mn concentrations and child neuropsychological development assessed at 1 year of age. Methods: Study subjects were 1179 mother–child pairs from two Spanish areas (Valencia and Gipuzkoa) of the INMA (Environment and Childhood) study (recruitment: 2003-2008). Mn was measured in serum samples collected during the first trimester of pregnancy. Children's neuropsychological development was assessed at around 12–14 months of age using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID), composed of mental and psychomotor scales. Sociodemographic, lifestyle and dietary information was collected through questionnaires during pregnancy and during the child's first year of life. Multivariate linear regression models were built. Generalised additive models were used to assess the shape of the relation between prenatal exposure to Mn and the neuropsychological test. Results: The geometric mean and 95% confidence interval of maternal serum Mn was 1.50 (1.48–1.53) μg/L. Levels of Mn were higher among working mothers and in those with a higher consumption of nuts. No statistically significant association was observed between Mn and the BSID scales. The best shape describing the relationship between Mn and the Bayley scales was a linear relation for both scales. Conclusions: Maternal serum Mn levels in our population are similar to those observed in other European populations. Results of the present study suggested that early prenatal levels of Mn did not affect neuropsychological development during the first year after birth. Funding: MS15/0025, FI17/00260, FIS16/1288, FIS17/00663, FISPI06/0867, FISPI09/00090, FISPI13/22187, Basque Government 2015111065.

MeDALL (Mechanisms of the Development of ALLergy; EU FP7-CP-IP; Project No: 261357; 2010-2015) has proposed an innovative approach to develop early indicators for the prediction, diagnosis, prevention and targets for therapy. MeDALL has linked epidemiological, clinical and basic research using a stepwise, large-scale and integrative approach: MeDALL data of precisely phenotyped children followed in 14 birth cohorts spread across Europe were combined with systems biology (omics, IgE measurement using microarrays) and environmental data. Multimorbidity in the same child is more common than expected by chance alone, suggesting that these diseases share causal mechanisms irrespective of IgE sensitization. IgE sensitization should be considered differently in monosensitized and polysensitized individuals. Allergic multimorbidities and IgE polysensitization are often associated with the persistence or severity of allergic diseases. Environmental exposures are relevant for the development of allergy-related diseases. To complement the population-based studies in children, MeDALL included mechanistic experimental animal studies and in vitro studies in humans. The integration of multimorbidities and polysensitization has resulted in a new classification framework of allergic diseases that could help to improve the understanding of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of allergy as well as to better manage allergic diseases. Ethics and gender were considered. MeDALL has deployed translational activities within the EU agenda.

AllergyVolume 71, Issue 11 p. 1513-1525 Review ArticleOpen Access Paving the way of systems biology and precision medicine in allergic diseases: the MeDALL success story Mechanisms of the Development of ALLergy; EU FP7-CP-IP; Project No: 261357; 2010–2015 J. Bousquet, Corresponding Author J. Bousquet jean.bousquet@orange.fr University Hospital, Montpellier, France MACVIA-LR, Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en Languedoc-Roussillon, European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site, France INSERM, VIMA: Ageing and Chronic Diseases, Epidemiological and Public Health Approaches, UVSQ, Université Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Paris, FranceThe first two authors contributed equally to the paper. Correspondence J Bousquet, CHRU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France. Tel.: 33 4 67 41 67 00 E-mail: jean.bousquet@orange.frSearch for more papers by this authorJ. M. Anto, J. M. Anto Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), ISGLoBAL, Barcelona, Spain IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, SpainThe first two authors contributed equally to the paper.Search for more papers by this authorM. Akdis, M. Akdis Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorC. Auffray, C. Auffray European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, CNRS-ENS-UCBL, Université de Lyon, Lyon, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorT. Keil, T. Keil Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorI. Momas, I. Momas Department of Public Health and Health Products, Paris Descartes University-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France Paris Municipal Department of Social Action, Childhood, and Health, Paris, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorD.S. Postma, D.S. Postma Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Tuberculosis, GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this authorR. Valenta, R. Valenta Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, AustriaSearch for more papers by this authorM. Wickman, M. Wickman Sachs’ Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm and Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenSearch for more papers by this authorA. Cambon-Thomsen, A. Cambon-Thomsen UMR Inserm U1027 and Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorT. Haahtela, T. Haahtela Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, FinlandSearch for more papers by this authorB. N. Lambrecht, B. N. Lambrecht VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, BelgiumSearch for more papers by this authorK. C. Lodrup Carlsen, K. C. Lodrup Carlsen Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwaySearch for more papers by this authorG. H. Koppelman, G. H. Koppelman Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this authorJ. Sunyer, J. Sunyer Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), ISGLoBAL, Barcelona, Spain IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorT. Zuberbier, T. Zuberbier Secretary General of the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN), Allergy-Centre-Charité at the Department of Dermatology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorI. Annesi-Maesano, I. Annesi-Maesano EPAR U707 INSERM, EPAR UMR-S UPMC, Paris VI, Paris, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorA. Arno, A. Arno Onmedic Networks, Barcelona, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorC. Bindslev-Jensen, C. Bindslev-Jensen Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, Odense, DenmarkSearch for more papers by this authorG. De Carlo, G. De Carlo EFA European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients’ Associations, Brussels, BelgiumSearch for more papers by this authorF. Forastiere, F. Forastiere Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Service Lazio Region, Rome, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorJ. Heinrich, J. Heinrich Institute of Epidemiology I, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorM. L. Kowalski, M. L. Kowalski Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, PolandSearch for more papers by this authorD. Maier, D. Maier Biomax Informatics AG, Munich, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorE. Melén, E. Melén Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Tuberculosis, GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands Stockholm County Council, Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, SwedenSearch for more papers by this authorS. Palkonen, S. Palkonen EFA European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients’ Associations, Brussels, BelgiumSearch for more papers by this authorH. A. Smit, H. A. Smit Julius Center of Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this authorM. Standl, M. Standl Institute of Epidemiology I, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorJ. Wright, J. Wright Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UKSearch for more papers by this authorA. Asarnoj, A. Asarnoj Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SwedenSearch for more papers by this authorM. Benet, M. Benet Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), ISGLoBAL, Barcelona, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorN. Ballardini, N. Ballardini Sachs’ Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm and Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UKSearch for more papers by this authorJ. Garcia-Aymerich, J. Garcia-Aymerich Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), ISGLoBAL, Barcelona, Spain IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorU. Gehring, U. Gehring Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this authorS. Guerra, S. Guerra Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), ISGLoBAL, Barcelona, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorC. Hohman, C. Hohman Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorI. Kull, I. Kull Sachs’ Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm and Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenSearch for more papers by this authorC. Lupinek, C. Lupinek Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, AustriaSearch for more papers by this authorM. Pinart, M. Pinart Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), ISGLoBAL, Barcelona, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorI. Skrindo, I. Skrindo Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwaySearch for more papers by this authorM. Westman, M. Westman Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of ENT Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SwedenSearch for more papers by this authorD. Smagghe, D. Smagghe Inserm Transfert, Paris, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorC. Akdis, C. Akdis Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorR. Albang, R. Albang Biomax Informatics AG, Munich, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorV. Anastasova, V. Anastasova UMR Inserm U1027 and Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorN. Anderson, N. Anderson Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenSearch for more papers by this authorC. Bachert, C. Bachert ENT Department, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, BelgiumSearch for more papers by this authorS. Ballereau, S. Ballereau European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, CNRS-ENS-UCBL, Université de Lyon, Lyon, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorF. Ballester, F. Ballester Environment and Health Area, Centre for Public Health Research (CSISP), CIBERESP, Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, Valencia, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorX. Basagana, X. Basagana Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), ISGLoBAL, Barcelona, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorA. Bedbrook, A. Bedbrook MACVIA-LR, Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en Languedoc-Roussillon, European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorA. Bergstrom, A. Bergstrom Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenSearch for more papers by this authorA. von Berg, A. von Berg Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Marien-Hospital, Wesel, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorB. Brunekreef, B. Brunekreef Julius Center of Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this authorE. Burte, E. Burte INSERM, VIMA: Ageing and Chronic Diseases, Epidemiological and Public Health Approaches, UVSQ, Université Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Paris, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorK. H. Carlsen, K. H. Carlsen Department of Paediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwaySearch for more papers by this authorL. Chatzi, L. Chatzi Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, GreeceSearch for more papers by this authorJ. M. Coquet, J. M. Coquet VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, BelgiumSearch for more papers by this authorM. Curin, M. Curin Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, AustriaSearch for more papers by this authorP. Demoly, P. Demoly Department of Respiratory Diseases, Montpellier University Hospital, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorE. Eller, E. Eller Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, Odense, DenmarkSearch for more papers by this authorM. P. Fantini, M. P. Fantini Department of Medicine and Public Health, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Bologna, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorB. Gerhard, B. Gerhard Biomax Informatics AG, Munich, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorH. Hammad, H. Hammad VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, BelgiumSearch for more papers by this authorL. von Hertzen, L. von Hertzen Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, FinlandSearch for more papers by this authorV. Hovland, V. Hovland Department of Paediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwaySearch for more papers by this authorB. Jacquemin, B. Jacquemin Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), ISGLoBAL, Barcelona, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorJ. Just, J. Just Allergology Department, Centre de l'Asthme et des Allergies, Hôpital d'Enfants Armand-Trousseau (APHP), Sorbonne Universités, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorT. Keller, T. Keller Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorM. Kerkhof, M. Kerkhof Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Tuberculosis, GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this authorR. Kiss, R. Kiss Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, AustriaSearch for more papers by this authorM. Kogevinas, M. Kogevinas Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), ISGLoBAL, Barcelona, Spain IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorS. Koletzko, S. Koletzko Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorS. Lau, S. Lau Department for Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charité Medical University, Berlin, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorI. Lehmann, I. Lehmann Department of Environmental Immunology/Core Facility Studies, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, Leipzig, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorN. Lemonnier, N. Lemonnier European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, CNRS-ENS-UCBL, Université de Lyon, Lyon, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorR. McEachan, R. McEachan Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UKSearch for more papers by this authorM. Mäkelä, M. Mäkelä Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, FinlandSearch for more papers by this authorJ. Mestres, J. Mestres Chemotargets SL and Chemogenomics Laboratory, GRIB Unit, IMIM-Hospital del Mar and University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorE. Minina, E. Minina Biomax Informatics AG, Munich, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorP. Mowinckel, P. Mowinckel Department of Paediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwaySearch for more papers by this authorR. Nadif, R. Nadif INSERM, VIMA: Ageing and Chronic Diseases, Epidemiological and Public Health Approaches, UVSQ, Université Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Paris, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorM. Nawijn, M. Nawijn Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this authorS. Oddie, S. Oddie Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UKSearch for more papers by this authorJ. Pellet, J. Pellet European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, CNRS-ENS-UCBL, Université de Lyon, Lyon, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorI. Pin, I. Pin Département de Pédiatrie, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble Cedex 9, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorD. Porta, D. Porta Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Service Lazio Region, Rome, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorF. Rancière, F. Rancière Department of Public Health and Health Products, Paris Descartes University-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorA. Rial-Sebbag, A. Rial-Sebbag UMR Inserm U1027 and Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorY. Saeys, Y. Saeys VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, BelgiumSearch for more papers by this authorM. J. Schuijs, M. J. Schuijs VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, BelgiumSearch for more papers by this authorV. Siroux, V. Siroux Inserm, U823, Grenoble, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorC. G. Tischer, C. G. Tischer Institute of Epidemiology I, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorM. Torrent, M. Torrent Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), ISGLoBAL, Barcelona, Spain ib-salut, Area de Salut de Menorca, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorR. Varraso, R. Varraso INSERM, VIMA: Ageing and Chronic Diseases, Epidemiological and Public Health Approaches, UVSQ, Université Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Paris, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorJ. De Vocht, J. De Vocht EFA European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients’ Associations, Brussels, BelgiumSearch for more papers by this authorK. Wenger, K. Wenger Biomax Informatics AG, Munich, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorS. Wieser, S. Wieser Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, AustriaSearch for more papers by this authorC. Xu, C. Xu Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Tuberculosis, GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this author J. Bousquet, Corresponding Author J. Bousquet jean.bousquet@orange.fr University Hospital, Montpellier, France MACVIA-LR, Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en Languedoc-Roussillon, European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site, France INSERM, VIMA: Ageing and Chronic Diseases, Epidemiological and Public Health Approaches, UVSQ, Université Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Paris, FranceThe first two authors contributed equally to the paper. Correspondence J Bousquet, CHRU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France. Tel.: 33 4 67 41 67 00 E-mail: jean.bousquet@orange.frSearch for more papers by this authorJ. M. Anto, J. M. Anto Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), ISGLoBAL, Barcelona, Spain IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, SpainThe first two authors contributed equally to the paper.Search for more papers by this authorM. Akdis, M. Akdis Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorC. Auffray, C. Auffray European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, CNRS-ENS-UCBL, Université de Lyon, Lyon, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorT. Keil, T. Keil Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorI. Momas, I. Momas Department of Public Health and Health Products, Paris Descartes University-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France Paris Municipal Department of Social Action, Childhood, and Health, Paris, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorD.S. Postma, D.S. Postma Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Tuberculosis, GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this authorR. Valenta, R. Valenta Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, AustriaSearch for more papers by this authorM. Wickman, M. Wickman Sachs’ Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm and Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenSearch for more papers by this authorA. Cambon-Thomsen, A. Cambon-Thomsen UMR Inserm U1027 and Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorT. Haahtela, T. Haahtela Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, FinlandSearch for more papers by this authorB. N. Lambrecht, B. N. Lambrecht VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, BelgiumSearch for more papers by this authorK. C. Lodrup Carlsen, K. C. Lodrup Carlsen Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwaySearch for more papers by this authorG. H. Koppelman, G. H. Koppelman Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this authorJ. Sunyer, J. Sunyer Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), ISGLoBAL, Barcelona, Spain IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorT. Zuberbier, T. Zuberbier Secretary General of the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN), Allergy-Centre-Charité at the Department of Dermatology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorI. Annesi-Maesano, I. Annesi-Maesano EPAR U707 INSERM, EPAR UMR-S UPMC, Paris VI, Paris, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorA. Arno, A. Arno Onmedic Networks, Barcelona, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorC. Bindslev-Jensen, C. Bindslev-Jensen Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, Odense, DenmarkSearch for more papers by this authorG. De Carlo, G. De Carlo EFA European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients’ Associations, Brussels, BelgiumSearch for more papers by this authorF. Forastiere, F. Forastiere Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Service Lazio Region, Rome, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorJ. Heinrich, J. Heinrich Institute of Epidemiology I, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorM. L. Kowalski, M. L. Kowalski Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, PolandSearch for more papers by this authorD. Maier, D. Maier Biomax Informatics AG, Munich, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorE. Melén, E. Melén Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Tuberculosis, GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands Stockholm County Council, Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, SwedenSearch for more papers by this authorS. Palkonen, S. Palkonen EFA European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients’ Associations, Brussels, BelgiumSearch for more papers by this authorH. A. Smit, H. A. Smit Julius Center of Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this authorM. Standl, M. Standl Institute of Epidemiology I, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorJ. Wright, J. Wright Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UKSearch for more papers by this authorA. Asarnoj, A. Asarnoj Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SwedenSearch for more papers by this authorM. Benet, M. Benet Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), ISGLoBAL, Barcelona, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorN. Ballardini, N. Ballardini Sachs’ Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm and Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UKSearch for more papers by this authorJ. Garcia-Aymerich, J. Garcia-Aymerich Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), ISGLoBAL, Barcelona, Spain IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorU. Gehring, U. Gehring Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this authorS. Guerra, S. Guerra Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), ISGLoBAL, Barcelona, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorC. Hohman, C. Hohman Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorI. Kull, I. Kull Sachs’ Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm and Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenSearch for more papers by this authorC. Lupinek, C. Lupinek Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, AustriaSearch for more papers by this authorM. Pinart, M. Pinart Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), ISGLoBAL, Barcelona, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorI. Skrindo, I. Skrindo Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwaySearch for more papers by this authorM. Westman, M. Westman Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of ENT Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SwedenSearch for more papers by this authorD. Smagghe, D. Smagghe Inserm Transfert, Paris, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorC. Akdis, C. Akdis Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorR. Albang, R. Albang Biomax Informatics AG, Munich, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorV. Anastasova, V. Anastasova UMR Inserm U1027 and Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorN. Anderson, N. Anderson Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenSearch for more papers by this authorC. Bachert, C. Bachert ENT Department, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, BelgiumSearch for more papers by this authorS. Ballereau, S. Ballereau European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, CNRS-ENS-UCBL, Université de Lyon, Lyon, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorF. Ballester, F. Ballester Environment and Health Area, Centre for Public Health Research (CSISP), CIBERESP, Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, Valencia, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorX. Basagana, X. Basagana Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), ISGLoBAL, Barcelona, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorA. Bedbrook, A. Bedbrook MACVIA-LR, Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en Languedoc-Roussillon, European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorA. Bergstrom, A. Bergstrom Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenSearch for more papers by this authorA. von Berg, A. von Berg Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Marien-Hospital, Wesel, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorB. Brunekreef, B. Brunekreef Julius Center of Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this authorE. Burte, E. Burte INSERM, VIMA: Ageing and Chronic Diseases, Epidemiological and Public Health Approaches, UVSQ, Université Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Paris, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorK. H. Carlsen, K. H. Carlsen Department of Paediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwaySearch for more papers by this authorL. Chatzi, L. Chatzi Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion,

Agricultural and residential use of organophosphate (OP) pesticides has increased in recent decades after banning some persistent pesticides. Although there is evidence of the effects of OPs on neurodevelopment and behaviour in adults, limited information is available about their effects in children, who might be more vulnerable to neurotoxic compounds. This paper was aimed at analysing the scientific evidence published to date on potential neurodevelopmental and behavioural effects of prenatal and postnatal exposure to OPs. A systematic review was undertaken to identify original articles published up to December 2012 evaluating prenatal or postnatal exposure to OPs in children and effects on neurodevelopment and/or behaviour. Articles were critically compared, focusing on the methodology used to assess exposure and adverse effects, as well as potential contributing factors that may modify both exposure and outcomes, such as genetic susceptibility to certain enzymes involved in OPs metabolisation (e.g. paraoxonase-1) and gender differences. Twenty articles met the inclusion criteria, 7 of which evaluated prenatal exposure to OPs, 8 postnatal exposure and 5 both pre- and postnatal exposure. Most of the studies evaluating prenatal exposure observed a negative effect on mental development and an increase in attention problems in preschool and school children. The evidence on postnatal exposure is less consistent, although 2 studies found an increase in reaction time in schoolchildren. Some paraoxonase-1 polymorphisms could enhance the association between OPs exposure and mental and psychomotor development. A large variability in epidemiological designs and methodologies used for assessing exposure and outcome was observed across the different studies, which made comparisons difficult. Prenatal and to a lesser extent postnatal exposure to OPs may contribute to neurodevelopmental and behavioural deficits in preschool and school children. Standardised methodologies are needed to allow results to be better compared and to perform a quantitative meta-analysis before drawing any final conclusions.

The different role of prenatal and postnatal exposure to tobacco smoke in respiratory outcomes in infants has not yet been clearly established. Our objective is to assess the effects of these exposures on the risk of respiratory outcomes during the first year of life of infants from a Spanish multicenter cohort study. A total of 2506 women were monitored until delivery. About 2039 infants made up the final population. The outcomes were caused by the occurrence of the following: otitis, cough persisting for more than 3 weeks, lower respiratory tract symptoms (wheezing or chestiness), and lower respiratory tract infections (bronchitis, bronchiolitis, or pneumonia). The relationship between prenatal and postnatal exposure and health outcomes was explored using logistic regression analysis. Maternal smoking during pregnancy increased the odds for wheezing (OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 0.99-2.01) and chestiness (OR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.03-2.01). Postnatal exposure from fathers was associated with otitis (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.01-1.54). Passive exposure at work of non-smoking mothers during pregnancy was related to cough (OR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.05-2.51). Exposure to tobacco smoke was related to a higher risk of experiencing respiratory outcomes in young infants. Prenatal exposure was that most clearly associated with the respiratory outcomes analyzed.

SummaryWhat is already known about this subject Genome‐wide association studies have identified susceptibility loci, conferring only small effects to obesity. We selected 12 from the most accepted susceptibility genes to overweight, which have been corroborated in different populations and series of thousands of adult individuals. Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms variants can have a cumulative effect on common forms of obesity, to create a genetic risk score. What this study adds We concentrated on 109 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in 12 loci previously reported in association to body mass index at genome‐wide significant level, for individuals of European ancestry. To identify the frequency and effect size of common obesity SNPs in a discovery subsample of a group of children with high familial predisposition to morbid obesity. To select those genetic variants that best associate individuals with high‐susceptibility genetic profiles to overweight, and to create and validate a genetic risk score (GRS). We compared the predictive power of each approach in an independent birth cohort, not aimed at studying obesity, and which can be considered as a suitable proxy to measure the clinical relevance of our GRS. ObjectiveThe objective of this study was the description of a valid genetic risk score (GRS) to predict individuals with high susceptibility to childhood overweight by their genetic profiles.Design and methodsCase‐control study including a group of children with high‐risk familial predisposition to morbid obesity. Birth cohort from general population constituted the validation sample. For the discovery sample, 218 children with non‐syndromic obesity and 190 control individuals were included. The validation sample was 653 children from two birth cohorts belonging to the INMA (Infancia y Medio Ambiente [Environment and Childhood] )project. 109 SNPs located in the genes FTO, SEC16B, BDNF, ETV5, SH2B1, GNPDA2, LYPLAL1, MSRA, TFAP2, KCTD15, MTCH2 and NEGR1, previously reported in association to body mass index (BMI) were analysed. For the validation sample, association between genome‐wide data and BMI measurements between 3.5 and 5 years of age, were evaluated.ResultsThe GRS includes six SNPs in the genes FTO, TFAP2B, SEC16B, ETV5 and SH2B1. The score distribution differs among cases and controls (P = 9.2 × 10−14) showing a significant linear association with obesity (odds ratio [OR] per allele = 1.69; confidence interval [CI] 95% = 1.46–1.97; P = 4.3 × 10−1 and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.727; CI 95% = 0.676–0.778). The results were validated by the INMA cohort (OR per allele = 1.23 CI 95% = 1.03–1.48 and AUC = 0.601 CI 95% = 0.522–0.680).ConclusionsThe use of our proposed genetic score provides useful information to determine those children who are susceptible to obesity. To improve the efficiency of clinical prevention and treatment of obesity, it is essential to design individualized based protocols in advance knowledge of the molecular basis of inherited susceptibility.

Background: Normal reference values in healthy subjects for T-lymphocytes for both types of receptors, alpha beta and gamma delta, and their subsets are yet to be defined. The aim of this study was to measure peripheral blood alpha beta and gamma delta total T-lymphocytes and their subsets in a population of healthy subjects, in order to obtain valid reference values for studies in human pathology. Methods: We studied a total of 157 healthy subjects, 78 men and 79 women, establishing their levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD56+, alpha beta CD3+, alpha beta CD3+CD4+, alpha beta CD3+CD8+, alpha beta CD3+CD56+, gamma delta CD3+, gamma delta CD3+CD4-CD8-, gamma delta CD3+CD8+, and gamma delta CD3+CD56+ T-cells by flow cytometry. The T-cell subsets were compared for different age and gender groups. Results: A significant decrease in CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD4+ alpha beta, and CD3+ gamma delta T-cells was observed in elderly subjects. CD3+, CD3+ alpha beta, and CD3+CD4+ alpha beta T-cells increased in women, while CD3+CD56+ alpha beta T-cells increased in men. Conclusions. These reference values could be useful in further research studies for assessing changes that occur in the different a beta and gamma delta T subsets in human pathology. (c) 2012 International Clinical Cytometry Society