Aims: We illustrate the application of Total Differential Value (TDV) optimization – a vegetation classification technique – and introduce methodological innovations for identifying syntaxa at different ranks and their diagnostic species. This approach produced a new syntaxonomic synthesis for the coastal cliff vegetation of the Cabo Verde archipelago. Study area: Cabo Verde archipelago. Methods: We analysed 167 relevés sampled on coastal cliffs using a five-step approach: (1) Initial characterization of communities based on dominant species using formal logic rules. (2) Analysis of each physiognomic group for patterns of differential species using TDV-optimization, supporting the identification of preliminary associations. (3) Validation of associations by confirming the presence of differential species across them. (4) Application of TDV-optimization to the synoptic table to establish preliminary higher-rank syntaxa. (5) Validation of higher-rank syntaxa with characteristic species by assessing species fidelity across all 484 known relevés from Cabo Verde using the Differential Value (DiffVal) index. Results: The five-step classification procedure revealed 17 physiognomic-floristic units at the association level, supported by differential species. TDV-optimization successfully identified higher-rank syntaxa – two alliances, one order, and one class – based on exclusive species and with clear biogeographic and ecological interpretations. Partial DiffVal scores proved useful for distinguishing characteristic species at higher ranks. Conclusions: Based solely on presence-absence data, TDV-optimization and the DiffVal index proved effective for vegetation classification at different scales, revealing co-occurrence/co-absence patterns. The identified syntaxa emphasize Cabo Verde’s distinctness from Mediterranean and Eurosiberian communities, confirming its affinity with the Warm deserts and semi-deserts subbiome and its biogeographical placement within the Tropical Sahara region. Further research should expand knowledge of Cabo Verdean and other African vegetation and numerically validate its syntaxonomy to support evidence-based conservation policies. Taxonomic reference: Plants of the World Online database (POWO 2025), except for Campylanthus glaber subsp. spathulatus (Brochmann et al. 1997), Fagonia latifolia (Pinto Basto 2002), Launaea arborescens subsp. melanostigma and Tetraena vicentina (Rivas-Martínez et al. 2017), and Lotus bollei (Chevalier 1935). Syntaxonomic references: Mucina et al. (2016); Rivas-Martínez et al. (2017) for the endemic Cabo Verde vegetation. Abbreviations: DiffVal = Differential Value; IAP = Internal Assignment Precision; pDiffVals = partial values used in the calculation of DiffVal; TDV = Total Differential Value.

Confronté à un (ou plusieurs) prédateur mammalien introduit, le gestionnaire d’un territoire insulaire est amené à définir une stratégie de lutte, en associant à sa réflexion des scientifiques et des opérateurs extérieurs compétents. Cette stratégie a pour objectif final le retour à une biodiversité et à un fonctionnement de l’écosystème proches de ceux qui précédaient l’arrivée de l’espèce introduite, en éliminant les effets néfastes qu’elle exerce sur les populations ou communautés d’espèces fragiles et rares. Elle s’appuie généralement sur un objectif opérationnel d’éradication, c’est-à-dire d’élimination de tous les individus de la population insulaire concernée. Nous détaillons ici l’historique des opérations d’éradication menées principalement envers des rongeurs, Rat surmulot Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) et Rat noir Rattus rattus (Linnaeus, 1758), et de façon plus limitée des carnivores, Furet Mustela furo Linnaeus, 1758 et Vison d’Amérique Neogale vison (Schreber, 1777), dans des îles de la façade atlantique française appartenant à six départements (Loire-Atlantique, Morbihan, Finistère, Côtes-d’Armor, Ille-et-Vilaine et Manche). Ces opérations ont débuté en 1994. Une ancienne opération, menée au début des années 1950 avec un poison violent sur l’île Rouzic (les Sept Îles), est également rappelée. Après un descriptif de la méthodologie préconisée pour l’éradication, nous détaillons les deux protocoles appliqués successivement dans le cas des rats. Le premier, de 1994 à 2010, était fondé sur l’utilisation d’une lutte mécanique (pièges non vulnérants) suivie d’une lutte chimique (rodenticides anticoagulants). Le second, mis en pratique depuis 2016, recourt uniquement à la lutte chimique. Nous passons en revue les aspects techniques (expertise écologique ; choix de la densité des postes, du type de piège et de la molécule toxique ; nécropsies et prélèvements de matériel biologique ; calcul d’indices d’abondance), ainsi que les normes réglementaires. Alors que 95 % des rats piégés à l’issue de l’opération (premier protocole) le sont en moyenne après onze jours, 95 % des appâts consommés (second protocole) le sont en moyenne après 17 jours. Le résultat des opérations d’éradication sur les îles françaises de la façade atlantique, appliquant l’un ou l’autre des deux protocoles, est de 13 succès sur 18 opérations aux résultats connus (avec une seule opération pour le Rat noir). Une analyse approfondie des échecs montre que les opérations d’éradication du Rat surmulot utilisant l’un ou l’autre des deux protocoles ont toujours été couronnées de succès, sauf dans deux cas. D’une part, lorsque la possibilité d’une recolonisation par l’estran n’avait pas été suffisamment prise en compte, c’est-à-dire si les mesures de biosécurité consécutives au piégeage et/ou à l’appâtage étaient insuffisantes. D’autre part, lorsque les conditions d’application des protocoles n’avaient pas pu être pleinement respectées, en raison de problèmes logistiques et/ou de perturbations anthropiques inévitables. Bien que nous considérions que les deux protocoles ont permis d’obtenir des résultats très satisfaisants, nous préconisons à l’avenir le second, utilisant uniquement la lutte chimique, pour des raisons purement logistiques.

Cette étude présente l’évaluation des images satellitaires Pléiades pour la discrimination des habitats naturels côtiers sur un site Natura 2000 de 22 km2 en Bretagne (France). Un Modèle Numérique de Surface (MNS) a été généré à 0,5 m de résolution spatiale à partir d’images tri-stéréoscopiques acquises en juillet 2021 en utilisant le service de calcul en ligne Formater DSM-OPT (Digital Surface Models from OPTical stereoscopic very-high resolution imagery). Ensuite, un modèle numérique de hauteur (MNH) a été calculé en soustrayant un Modèle Numérique de Terrain (MNT) dérivé de données LiDAR (RGE ALTI, IGN®) au MNS. La précision verticale du MNH et son apport pour la discrimination des habitats naturels ont été évalués en utilisant une centaine de relevés floristiques collectés sur le terrain, spécifiquement pour cette étude. L’effet de la pente du terrain sur la précision du MNH a aussi été évalué. Les résultats montrent que la précision verticale de la hauteur de végétation dérivée des images Pléiades (MNH) est bonne (erreur absolue moyenne de 0,49 m) et n’est pas significativement impactée par la pente. De plus, ils indiquent qu’une grande part (43%) de la variance du MNH est expliquée par les types d’habitats naturels. Cette étude souligne l’intérêt des images tri-stéréoscopiques Pléiades pour discriminer les habitats naturels côtiers en vue de leur cartographie et leur suivi. Elle montre également que le service en ligne DSM-OPT permet de générer facilement et rapidement un MNS.

This study provides a phytosociological characterization of the forest and pre-forest communities of the Zarifet forest (Tlemcen), using the sigmatist approach. The vegetation is dominated by Quercus suber, Quercus rotundifolia, and their specific associations. Seven plant associations have been identified and mapped, the majority of which are linked to five alliances and two orders of the Quercetea ilicis. - Quercus suber formations can be divided into three main types: (I) Quercus suber forests assigned to Cytiso villosi-Quercetum suberis Braun-Blanquet 1953; (II) high scrubland dominated by Quercus suber, Erica arborea, and Quercus coccifera, linked to Erico arboreae-Quercetum cocciferae Qu & eacute;zel, Barbero, Benabid & Rivas-Martinez 1992; (III) degraded scrubland with Cistus ladanifer, corresponding to Cisto ladaniferi-Quercetum suberis Bouzahar 2022. - Quercus rotundifolia is represented by two distinct communities: one linked to Festuco triflori-Quercetum rotundifoliae Dahmani-Megrerouche 1984, the other to Calicotomo intermediae-Quercetum rotundifoliae Dahmani-Megrerouche & Loisel ex Meddour & Mucina 2021. - Tetraclinis articulata appears in heavily degraded formations, belonging to Calycotomo intermediae-Tetraclinetum articulatae Barbero, Qu & eacute;zel & Rivas-Martinez 1981 and Ampelodesmo mauritanicae-Chamaeropetum humilis Qu & eacute;zel, Barbero, Benabid & Rivas-Martinez 1992. - These results highlight a complex mosaic of vascular plants, reflecting the regressive dynamics and anthropogenic pressures weighing on these Mediterranean ecosystems.

The first comprehensive phytosociological classification of all vegetation types in Europe (EuroVegChecklist; Applied Vegetation Science, 2016, 19, 3-264) contained brief descriptions of each type. However, these descriptions were not standardized and mentioned only the most distinct features of each vegetation type. The practical application of the vegetation classification system could be enhanced if users had the option to select sets of vegetation types based on various combinations of structural, ecological, and biogeographical attributes. Based on a literature review and expert knowledge, we created a new database that assigns standardized categorical attributes of 12 variables to each of the 1106 alliances dominated by vascular plants defined in EuroVegChecklist. These variables include dominant life form, phenological optimum, substrate moisture, substrate reaction, salinity, nutrient status, soil organic matter, vegetation region, elevational vegetation belt, azonality, successional status and naturalness. The new database has the potential to enhance the usefulness of phytosociological classification for researchers and practitioners and to help understand this classification to non-specialists.

While fine-scale maps of vegetation alliances are required for conservation, their distribution is usually known at broad scales. Open-access field and spatial data are increasingly available worldwide, but their contribution to modelling vegetation alliances remains to be assessed. This study aimed to map the suitability area of six heath alliances distributed along ecological gradients throughout France. We used 20 broad and local variables derived from WorldClim, the European Union DEM, SoilGrids, and the Global Wind and Solar Atlases that describe bioclimatic and environmental conditions. For each alliance, two nested MaxEnt models were calibrated and validated using archive field data: one at a broad scale (1000 x 1000 m) to define its bioclimatic area, and the second at a local scale (25 x 25 m) to predict its environmental area. The results showed complementarity of the variables used to discriminate the alliances, and the accuracy of spatial modelling at broad (AUC = 0.83-0.99) and local scales (AUC = 0.91-0.99). They also highlighted the gradients of continentality and temperature that differentiate the alliances. These new maps provide additional knowledge about alliance distribution areas and could support natural vegetation conservation at a national scale.

Atlantic coastal cliff heathlands are chamaephytic vegetation dominated by Ericaceae , most often associated to Fabaceae (Ulex) and integrated from a phytosociological point of view into alliance of Dactylido oceanicae-Ulicion maritimi Géhu 1975 (class of Calluno vulgaris-Ulicetea minoris Braun-Blanq. & Tüxen ex Klika & Hadač 1944). This alliance gathers coastal heathlands under marine influences whose physiognomy is marked by prostrate or halo-anemomorphic chamaephytes. All Atlantic heathlands are included into habitats of European community interest which justify the designation of Natura 2000 sites. Within these protected areas, heathland conservation or restoration management issues raise the question of the choice of nature and frequency of management methods. For that, it seems important to understand the dynamics of cliff-top coastal heathlands. Stable heathlands, considered as permanent vegetation of primary character, can be managed without any intervention, while heathlands characterized by a progressive dynamic may be subject to interventionist management. The aim of this work is to present the main determinant abiotic and biotic factors driving the cliff-top coastal heathlands. Human uses may influence the composition and structure of these vegetation. This approach helps to assess the primary or secondary character of cliff-top coastal heathlands vegetation, their stability or dynamic. This article clarifies the notions of primitive, primary and secondary coastal heathlands. It proposes criteria to differentiate stable heathlands and unstable heathlands which are characterized by a progressive dynamic towards coastal scrublands or forest: abiotic conditions, floristic combination, physiognomy. The synphytosociological methodology is useful for establishing the typology of the series, permaseries and minoriseries, in which the different types of cliff-top coastal heathlands are included.

Worldwide, ecosystems are suffering important taxonomic and functional modifications in response to anthropogenic disturbances, operating at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Awareness on biodiversity losses has led to the adoption of conservation policies and the development of programs devoted to the conservation and the restoration of terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems. The assessment of the ecological health of ecosystems requires measuring and characterizing restoration or degradation dynamics and their consequences on the ecological quality with respect to reference conditions defined pragmatically as conservation targets. Methodological innovations, in terms of data collection, analysis, and visualization, have an important influence on the ability of ecologists to understand biodiversity changes. The assessment of the quality of ecosystems with respect to reference conditions requires to address, notably, three main challenges: the definition of reference conditions, the assessment of the degree of achievement of conservation objectives, and the qualitative and quantitative characterization of recovering and departing patterns. We propose here the ecological quality assessment (EQA) framework as a data-driven approach to track ecological quality focusing on the distance of the tested stations with respect to a chosen reference envelope using fuzzy logic and trajectory analysis. We take advantage of those analytical tools to propose a general and flexible multivariate framework by quantifying the achievement of reference conditions, measuring restoration and degradation dynamics when temporal series are available, and representing and synthesizing this information. To take into account the natural spatiotemporal variability of sites considered as reference, we gave two variants to our framework: a state-based variant when no temporal replications are available and a trajectory-based variant specially devoted to compare whole trajectories to a trajectory reference envelope defined by a set of reference trajectories. These two complementary approaches were illustrated through two terrestrial and marine ecological applications using the R package "ecotraj" in order to evidence ecological observations that meet conservation objectives from those that do not meet them. EQA constitutes a flexible framework for the assessment and reporting of ecosystem quality, including restoration and degradation dynamics adaptable to multiple questions in the different fields of ecology and conservation.

This is a database of the occurrence of 1105 phytosociological alliances in 82 European territorial units and distribution maps generated from this database. The data correspond to those published by Preislerová et al. (2022). This article also contains a description of the methods.

Abstract Mapping natural habitats remains challenging, especially at a national scale. Although new open‐access variables for vegetation and its environment and increased spatial resolution derived from satellite remote sensing data are available at the global scale, the relevance of these new variables for fine‐grained mapping of natural habitats at a national scale remains underexplored. This study aimed to map the fine‐grained pattern of four heathland habitats throughout France (550 000 km2). Environmental (bioclimatic, soil and topographic) and spectral (vegetation) variables derived from MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer, and Sentinel‐2 satellite data were analyzed using the MaxEnt classifier. Open‐access field databases were used to calibrate and validate the classification, based on the threshold‐independent area under the curve (AUC) index and the conventional F1‐score. For each heathland habitat, potential and actual areas were mapped using environmental and spectral variables, respectively. The results showed high classification accuracy for potential (AUC 0.92–0.99) and actual (AUC 0.88–0.99) suitability maps of the four heathland habitats. Visual interpretation of maps of the probability of occurrence indicated that the fine‐grained distribution of heathland habitat was detected satisfactorily. However, although the accuracy of the crisp map of combined classifications of actual heathland habitats was high (overall accuracy 0.72), estimated producer's accuracies in terms of proportion of area were low (<0.25). This study provides the first fine‐grained pattern maps of heathland habitats at a national scale, thus highlighting the value of combining environmental and spectral variables derived from open‐remote sensing data and open‐source field databases. These suitability maps could support the identification of heathland habitats in the framework of national conservation policies.

The class 'Carici caryophylleae-Genistetea lobelii Klein 1972' corresponds to Cyrno-Sardian oromediterranean cushion-scrubs and related grasslands. In France, this class is only present in Corsica and the syntaxonomic scheme is debated among phytosociologists. This paper aims to highlight the main plant associations of the Carici caryophylleaeGenistetea lobelii Klein 1972 and to define the diagnostic species for each phytosociological unit. Diagnostic species are defined as species with a distinct concentration of occurrence or abundance in a particular vegetation unit. We compiled 519 vegetation plots and we applied the EuroVegChecklist expert system for the classes of European vegetation to only retain vegetation plots belonging to the Carici caryophylleae-Genistetea lobelii. We obtained a dataset with 189 vegetation plots, and we classified them using the Modified TWINSPAN classification. Our analyses identified six plant associations and three sub-associations that have already been described in the literature; and we were able to describe a new alliance corresponding to supramediterranean plant communities (Genistion salzmannii). For each of them, we identified diagnostic, constant, and dominant species and produced their distribution map. Formal definitions were then written for each phytosociological unit (from sub-association to class) and grouped in an expert system to classify the plant communities of the Carici caryophylleae-Genistetea lobelii.

Carici-Genistetea lobelii Klein 1972 corresponds to cyrno-sardinian oromediterranean cushion scrub and related grasslands. In France, this class is only present in Corsica and the syntaxonomic scheme is debated among phytosociologists. The aim of this paper is to highlight the main plant associations of Carici-Genistetea lobelii Klein 1972 and to define the diagnostic species for each phytosociological unit. We compiled 519 vegetation plots and we applied EuropeanVegetationChecklist expert system for the classes of European vegetation to retain only vegetation plots belonging to Carici-Genistetea lobelii. We obtained a dataset with 189 vegetation plots and we classified them with Modified TWINSPAN classification. Our analyses recognized 6 plant associations and 3 sub-associations already described in the literature; and to describe a new alliance corresponding to the supra-mediterranean vegetations (Genistion salzmannii), a new association (Brimeuro fastigiatae-Juniperetum nanae) and its sub-association (alnetosum suaveolentis). For each of them, we identified diagnostic, constant and dominant species and produced their distribution map. Formal definitions were then written for each phytosociological unit (from subassociation to class) and grouped in an expert system to automatically classify the vegetations of Carici-Genistetea lobelii.

Aim Humans influence species distributions by modifying the environment and by dispersing species beyond their natural ranges. Populations of species that have established in disjunct regions of the world may exhibit trait differentiation from native populations due to founder effects and adaptations to selection pressures in each distributional region. We compared multiple native, expansive and introduced populations of a single species across the world, considering the influence of environmental stressors and transgenerational effects. Location United States Gulf and Atlantic coasts, United States interior, European Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts, east coast of Australia. Taxon Baccharis halimifolia L. (eastern baccharis). Methods We monitored seed germination, seedling emergence, survival and early growth in a common garden experiment, conducted with over 18,200 seeds from 80 populations. We also evaluated the influence of environmental stress and maternal traits on progeny performance. Results Introduced European Atlantic populations had faster germination and early growth than native populations. However, this was not the case for the more recently naturalized European Mediterranean populations. Introduced Australian populations grew faster than native populations in non-saline environments but had lower survival in saline conditions commonly encountered in the native range. Similarly, expansive inland US populations germinated faster than coastal native populations in non-saline environments but grew and germinated more slowly in saline environments. Maternal inflorescence and plant size were positively related with seed germination and seedling survival, whereas flower abundance was positively correlated with seedling early growth and survival. However, maternal traits explained a much lower fraction of the total variation in early demographic stages of B. halimifolia than did distributional range. Main conclusions Phenotypic differentiation could allow B. halimifolia to adapt to different biotic and abiotic selection pressures found in each distributional range, potentially contributing to its success in introduced and expansive ranges.

Research on the habitats protected by the European Union's Habitats Directive (HD) has increased rapidly since its adoption in 1992. However, the methods and tools used to assess their conservation status are varied. In this context, we reviewed and summarized the scientific literature related to the coastal Natura 2000 habitats to list and sort parameters used to assess and map their conservation status. We found 225 papers that specifically focused on the assessment of conservation status of coastal habitats. An analysis of the papers was conducted based on the four parameters ("Range", "Area", "structure and functions", "Future prospects") specified in the guidelines. Results highlight knowledge gaps regarding the availability of data and methods that measure the "Range", "Area", "Structure and functions" and "Future prospects". Most of the papers focused on coastal dunes and were located in the Mediterranean biogeographic region. Therefore, the process of assessing the conservation status of coastal habitats remains complicated to implement because methodological approaches are mainly dominated by expert statements. Moreover, all the procedures of the HD are carried out within each member country and the final assessments are often the synthesis of these partial assessments. However, the multiscalar approach and the use of innovative technologies (databases, remote sensing) can be particularly relevant to develop replicable approaches and facilitate monitoring and the implementation of management measures.

Colour is the most used visual element in cartography for symbolising vegetation because, more than many other signs, it translates information in an implicit and condensed way. While the diversity of vegetation and thematic mapping preclude the possibility of a universal colorimetric norm, certain pioneer works have tended to establish a methodological framework allowing the rendering of ecological and bioclimatic conditions. Thus, the evolution of colorimetric models, linked to the progression of infographic tools, make it possible to consider novel approaches. This article proposes an intuitive method for using colorimetric parameters to represent phytosociological and synphytosociological units. It allows, through colour only, without any overlay, the representation of three to four ecological dimensions. Hue and luminosity are used for representing vegetation types or vegetation series and their physiognomy. Saturation, an overlooked parameter in mapping, represents the level of anthropization. Used in GIS applications, the system permits easy establishment of numerically calibrated palettes and contributes to improving map understanding.

Coastal cliff vegetation is spatially organized into parallel belts according to ecological gradients caused by salt spray, wind exposure, relief energy, substrate nature and depth. Along the French Atlantic coasts, a recent research programme set up in 2011 is dedicated to a geosynphytosociological study of coastal vegetation. The present work focuses on permanent vegetation of the French Atlantic coastal rocky cliffs, corresponding to permaseries. Permaseries occuring within homogeneous geomorphological units are listed within geosynrelevés. The analysis of a set of geosynrelevés from northern France up to the Pyrenees-Atlantic allows us to characterise phytocoenotical diversity and to propose a preliminary typology of coastal cliff vegetation. The geopermaseries assemblies follow Dupias’s and Rey’s phytoecological regions. These biogeographical units are more precisely characterized by substrate and climate. This analysis completes Géhu’s works about sigma-association description of French Atlantic cliffs. Eleven geopermaseries of rocky coast are defined: Sandstone or marly-cliff geopermaseries of Boulonnais; Marly and chalky cliff geopermaseries of Boulonnais; Chalky-cliff geopermaseries of Pays de Caux; Crystalline-cliff geopermaseries of the Gulf Normand-Breton; Crystalline-cliff geopermaseries of the western Massif Armoricain, under a hyper Atlantic climate; Crystalline-cliff geopermaseries of the southern Massif Armoricain, under a thermo-Atlantic climate; Crystalline-cliff geopermaseries of islands of the southern Massif Armoricain, under a thermo-Atlantic climate; Cliff-top fossil dune geopermaseries on sandy decalcified substrates; Calcareous cliff geopermaseries of the right-bank of the Gironde estuary, under a thermo-Atlantic climate; Chalky and sandstone cliff geopermaseries of the south-Aquitan Basin; and marly-chalky or sandstone cliff geopermaseries of the Corniche Basque.

The authors accomplish a phytosociological study of the salt thermomineral spring vegetation in Auvergne. They follow a ‘braun-blanqueto-tuxenian’ approach of the association. Despite a large number of releves carried out on the salty sites of Auvergne, the communities stay unknown as it seems necessary to synthesize them and clarify their phytosociological status.The authors carry out an analysis and a synthesis of 176 phytosociological releves illustrating the communities of the twenty salty localities known in Auvergne. From 16 sites, 69 releves were specifically produced as part of this study.Nine communities are presented on the floristical and synecological plan : three new associations and six new sub-associations are described.

Mapping plant communities, which is essential to assess the conservation status of natural habitats, is currently based mainly on time-consuming field surveys without the use of satellite data. However, free image time-series with high spatial and temporal resolution have been available since 2015. This study assessed the contribution of Sentinel-2 time-series images to mapping the spatial distribution of 18 plant communities within a Natura 2000 site (1978 ha) located on the Mediterranean biogeographical region (Corsica, France). The method was based on random forest modeling of six Sentinel-2 images acquired from 26 February to 24 October 2017, which were calibrated and validated using a field vegetation map. The results showed that the 18 plant communities were modeled correctly, with 72% overall accuracy. The uncertainty map associated with the model indicated areas that required additional field observations.

Les auteurs réalisent une étude phytosociologique de la végétation des sources thermominérales salées d’Auvergne, en s’inscrivant dans une approche «braun-blanqueto-tüxenienne» de l’association. Malgré un grand nombre de relevés réalisés sur les sites salés d’Auvergne, les groupements restent méconnus et il semblait nécessaire d’en réaliser la synthèse pour en préciser le statut phytosociologique. Après une rapide présentation du contexte physiographique des localités étudiées et un bref rappel des travaux phytosociologiques antérieurs, les auteurs réalisent une analyse et une synthèse de 176 relevés phytosociologiques illustrant les communautés de la vingtaine de localités salifères connues en Auvergne. Provenant de 16 sites, 69 relevés ont été spécifiquement réalisés dans le cadre de cette étude. Neuf groupements de rang association sont présentés sur le plan floristique et synécologique : trois associations et six sous-associations nouvelles sont décrites.