To compare shear-wave elastography (SWE) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)-derived apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in the differentiation of benign and malignant breast lesions, and to assess the correlation and potential interchangeability between these imaging biomarkers. In this retrospective study, 53 female patients (mean age: 55.2 ± 11.7 years) with biopsy-proven BI-RADS 4 or 5 breast lesions underwent both SWE and breast MRI, including DWI. SWE parameters (Emax, Emean, Emin) and ADC values were quantitatively analyzed and compared using Mann–Whitney U tests. Diagnostic performance was evaluated via ROC analysis. Correlation and interchangeability between SWE and ADC were assessed using Spearman’s rank correlation, regression analysis, and Bland–Altman plots. Among 53 lesions (26 malignant, 27 benign), SWE Emax demonstrated the best diagnostic performance among SWE parameters (AUC = 0.74), with an optimal cut-off of > 69.47 kPa (sensitivity: 62

Metastases to the breast from non-mammary malignancies are rare, accounting for 0.1-5% of all breast malignancies. Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) rarely metastasize to the breast. PET-CT somatostatin receptor imaging plays a pivotal role in the staging and follow-up of NETs, leveraging tracers like 68Ga-DOTATOC that bind to somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) expressed on tumor cells. While both primary and metastatic NETs express SSTRs, primary breast tumors may also exhibit an uptake of 68Ga-somatostatin analogs, making the differential diagnosis between primary breast tumors and neuroendocrine metastases challenging. Additionally, imaging characteristics of breast metastases from NETs are poorly documented in the literature, posing a diagnostic challenge that extends to pathology, particularly when in the absence of clinical suspicion. Misdiagnosis in such cases can lead to inappropriate therapeutic interventions. We report the case of a 75-year-old female patient with a history of pancreatic NET who presented to our breast clinic for further evaluation of a breast mass after a PET-CT scan revealed moderate 68Ga-DOTATOC uptake. Multimodality breast examination, including mammography and multiparametric US with B-mode, Color Doppler, Strain Elastography (SE), Shear Wave Elastography (SWE), and contrast-enhanced US (CEUS), was performed. Following a core biopsy, the lesion underwent surgical excision, revealing the diagnosis of NET metastasis. This case highlights a rare instance of neuroendocrine tumor metastasis to the breast, assessed using various ultrasound techniques, with detailed imaging and quantitative analysis. The comprehensive multimodal assessment contributes to the limited body of literature and provides elements for the differential diagnosis of a rare breast lesion that should always be considered in the presence of a known primary NET.

Pathological conditions affecting the male breast (MB) share some similarities with those found in women, while others are specific to men. The first part of this review provides an overview of MB disorders, exploring the most common types of MB diseases. The second part then emphasizes the state-of-the-art approaches proposed in the literature for screening and follow-up with MB cancer patients, which highlights the importance of tailored strategies for diagnosis, follow-up, and identifying high-risk populations. Considering the increasing attention in recent years on the topic, transgender individuals are also included in this review. Together with the MB, it is an understudied category thus far. This review aims to raise awareness among radiologists that MBs should be approached differently from female breasts, contributing to the advancement of medical knowledge, improving patient outcomes, and promoting early detection of MB disorders. The review also provides an update on breast cancer and screening in the transgender population.

Breast metastasis from extra-mammary neoplasm is a rare condition, accounting for approximately 1.2%‐2% of all breast malignancies. Melanoma, lung cancer, gynecological, and hematological cancers can metastasis to the breast. Male breast metastasis is extremely rare and, no evidence of metastasis from cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in a male breast have been reported to our knowledge. We describe a case of an 81-year-old man who came to our attention for a palpable solid mass in the upper-outer aspect of the left breast with the final histological diagnosis of breast metastasis from non-keratoblastic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

Gastrointestinal angiodysplasia (GIAD) represents one of the most frequent causes of recurrent lower gastrointestinal bleeding in the elder population. Clinical manifestations are highly variable, diagnosis is done with colonoscopy or CT and management consists of either endoscopic or, more conservatively, endovascular approach. Trans-arterial embolization (TAE) reduces blood flow into the lesion and may complicate with perforation, dissection, vasospasm and bowel ischaemia. To date, coils and Gelfoam represent the most employed embolizing agents, followed by PVA and onyx. We report the successful embolization of GIADs in four patients with n-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) and Lipiodol Ultra-Fluid (LUF): despite the reported higher risk of bowel infarction when compared with the other agents, no major complication or short-term recurrence occurred in our series.

Breast lesions with uncertain malignant behavior, also known as high-risk or B3 lesions, are composed of a variety of pathologies with differing risks of associated malignancy. While open excision was previously preferred to manage all high-risk lesions, tailored management has been increasingly favored to reduce overtreatment and spare patients from unnecessary anxiety or high healthcare costs associated with surgical excision. The purpose of this work is to provide the reader with an accurate overview focused on the main high-risk lesions of the breast: atypical intraductal epithelial proliferation (atypical ductal hyperplasia), lobular neoplasia (including the subcategories lobular carcinoma in situ and atypical lobular hyperplasia), flat epithelial atypia, radial scar and papillary lesions, and phyllodes tumor. Beyond merely presenting the radiological aspects of these lesions and the recent literature, information about their potential upgrade rates is discussed in order to provide a useful guide for appropriate clinical management while avoiding the risks of unnecessary surgical intervention (overtreatment).

What do you do to start reading ct a scan? Searching the book that you love to read first or find an interesting book that will make you want to read? Everybody has difference with their reason of reading a book. Actuary, reading habit must be from earlier. Many people may be love to read, but not a book. It's not fault. Someone will be bored to open the thick book with small words to read. In more, this is the real condition. So do happen probably with this ct a scan.

Biliary fistula and bile leakage are complications that can occur during hepato-biliary or intestinal surgery and percutaneous biliary intervention. In some cases, spontaneous resolution is possible but more often re-intervention (surgical or percutaneous) is necessary. We present the case of a 45 y-o male patient who underwent duodenocefalopanreasectomy (Whipple procedure) with bilio-digestive anastomosis for adenoma of the duodenal papilla of Vater, complicated by the formation of a fistula through the bilio-digestive anastomosis. Conservative treatment with percutaneous biliary drainage was attempted in order to promote spontaneous resolution of the fistula. The persistence of the fistula brought the patient to treatment through interventional techniques. Sealing of the bilio-peritoneal fistula was obtained using N-butil-Cyanoacrylate .

Within the gastrointestinal system, the small bowel represents the most difficult site to approach with imaging modalities. During the last decades, magnetic resonance enterography has reached an increasing interest, up to be considered an essential part in the diagnostic framework of Crohn's disease patients. Nevertheless, the distention of the intestinal loops provided by the administration of oral contrast medium, the possibility of a dynamic evaluation, and the lack of radiation exposure are huge advantages that can be exploited for the assessment of other clinical conditions affecting the small bowel. Physicians and radiologists should be aware of the possibilities offered by this technique, looking at it as a trustful alternative to the well-worn radiological examinations. In this respect, the purpose of this work is to show some uncommon clinical conditions that can be assessed with magnetic resonance enterography and that fall within the various differential diagnosis of the intestinal disorders.

The portal vein derives from the vitelline veins, a component of the extraembryonic venous system, and is normally formed by the confluence of the superior mesenteric and splenic vein. The knowledge of the anatomy of the portal vein and its abnormalities is important for interventional and surgical procedures. Variant portal architecture is a common finding during imaging studies. Ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance are non-invasive methods for studying and understanding portal vein's anatomy and abnormalities. We describe a rare case of variation in the formation and course of the portal vein. To the best of our knowledge, there is no evidence of this kind of abnormality in literature.

Duodenal duplication cyst is a rare congenital anomaly that develops during the embryonic stage and could remain unknown until the adult age. Although often asymptomatic, duodenal duplication cysts can lead to various clinical scenarios with different degree of severity, from nonspecific abdominal pain up to cholestasis, intussusception or pancreatitis.

Purpose of this report is to describe safety and effectiveness of selective artery embolization in the treatment of bleeding angiomyolipomas (AMLs) of the kidney using a mixture of Lipiodol and Cyanoacrylate. Two patients with bleeding AMLs underwent to superselective embolization of the lesions using microcatheter and Lipiodol mixed with Cyanoacrylate in the ratio 3:1. Primary bleeding control rate was 100% with no major complications. Follow-up CT (mean time 18 months) demonstrated a significant reduction in size (about 50%) of the lesions. In conclusion, selective artery embolization with Lipiodol and Cyanoacrylate appear to be safe and effective in the treatment of bleeding AMLs.