New financing mechanisms for tropical forest conservation, based on payments for ecosystem services, often involve the development of new business models. Suppliers of ecosystem services may include existing land users (e.g., farmers, foresters, tourism operators) or new business ventures (e.g., carbon accountants and traders, conservation bankers). Developing viable business models for biodiversity conservation is a major challenge, due to: the complexity of biodiversity itself (i.e., genes, species, and ecosystems, many still undocumented); the various linkages between business and biodiversity (which may be an economic input, output, competing resource use, or victim of pollution); insufficient consensus on biodiversity conservation priorities and performance indicators applicable at the enterprise level; weak or missing property rights, liability regimes, and/or incentive measures to penalize biodiversity loss and reward conservation effort; and concerns about potential adverse social impacts. This study presents a synthesis of experience across a range of sectors to develop more sustainable business models for biodiversity conservation, identifies key success factors, and outlines a new approach to building a biodiversity business that combines policy innovation, business development assistance, and financial support. KEYWORDS: ecosystem servicesconservation financebiodiversity business
(2000). Conflict, tensions and complexities: athletic training in Australia in the 1950s. The International Journal of the History of Sport: Vol. 17, Sport in Australasian society Past and Present, pp. 206-224.
For some years now, we have been experimenting at the University of Canberra with a range of different approaches to the teaching of information systems design, and in particular the problem of providing a realistic context for the development of user requirements. Three alternative strategies of teaching information systems design, involving traditional written problem specifications, staff role-playing users, and behavioral simulations in which students play both user and IT professional roles are compared, and their areas of applicability identified.