在室内空气质量的研究中,通常用标记化合物来评估环境烟气(ETS)带来的可呼吸性悬浮颗粒物(RSP).研究测定了ETS-RSP和以下ETS-RSP标记物之间的比率:紫外颗粒物(UVPM)、荧光颗粒物(FPM)和茄尼醇,共测定了19个国家和地区的卷烟.在一个不通风的测试间内同时抽吸了每个国家和地区的6个主要牌号的卷烟,实时测定了CO、氮氧化物(NOx)、总碳氢化合物和颗粒物的质量浓度,还对烟碱、3-乙烯基吡啶(3-EP)、RSP、UVPM、FPM和茄尼醇都作了时间加权平均测定.各个国家和地区卷烟的CO、NOx1总碳氢化合物、烟碱、3-EP和颗粒物的浓度都很相似.计算得出ETS-RSP的平均产生量是14.3(12.5～18.7)mg/支.所测定的大多数国家和地区卷烟中标记物与ETS-RSP浓度的比率都是相似的.ETS-RSP与UVPM及FPM替代标准的平均比率分别是7.7和43.茄尼醇约占ETS-RSP重量的2.4％,其约定因子是41.除了少数几个例外,这些平均约定因子可以应用于不同国家或地区室内空气的研究.

The environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) generated by cigarettes from nine countries was examined to determine selected component yields and ETS marker ratios. The countries tested included: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, England, Japan, Korea, and the United States. Six leading brand styles from each country were smoked in an environmental test chamber. Concentrations of the gas phase ETS components CO, NO, NO2, nicotine, 3-ethenylpyridine, myosmine, and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) were measured. Particle mass concentrations were also measured along with the particulate phase markers ultraviolet particulate matter (UVPM), fluorescent particulate matter (FPM), and solanesol. The variation in the ETS generated by cigarettes from these nine countries was greater than observed in a previous test. Ratios of gravimetrically determined respirable suspended particles (RSP) to the surrogate standard concentrations for UVPM and FPM averaged 7.2 and 42, respectively. The average ratio of RSP to solanesol was determined to be 38. ETS component yields were relatively consistent among the countries tested and averaged 14, 59, 41, 1.3, and 0.4 mg/cig. for RSP, CO, TVOC, NO, and NO2, respectively.

A method was developed to reproducibly measure environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) components generated by different cigarettes. Measurements were carried out in an unventilated, controlled environment chamber. True ETS (the aged and diluted combination of exhaled mainstream plus sidestream smoke) was generated by human smokers. To reliably quantitate components normally present at trace levels, the comparisons were carried out at elevated ETS concentrations-greater than 40 times those typically encountered in "real-world" settings.The method was applied to four commercially available cigarettes and a cigarette prototype that primarily heats tobacco. Forty-three properties and components of the gas and particulate phases of ETS generated by the different cigarettes were measured. Good precision of measurement was obtained both within and between tests. Statistically significant differences in the concentration of ETS components were observed among the different commercial cigarettes and between the commercial and prototype cigarettes. Most ETS components from the prototype cigarette were reduced by >90% when compared to the commercial cigarettes. The method was used to determine the effect of cigarette design changes on the generation of ETS.

A survey of the environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) generated by cigarettes from 11 countries was performed. The countries included: the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Malaysia, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States. The six leading brand styles from each country were smoked in an environmental test chamber. Concentration of the gas phase ETS components CO, NO, NO2, nicotine, 3-ethenylpyridine, myosmine, and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) were measured. Particle mass concentrations were also measured along with the particulate phase markers: ultraviolet particulate matter (UVPM), fluorescent particulate matter (FPM), and solanesol. Qualitatively, the ETS generated by simultaneously smoking the six leading cigarettes did not differ greatly among countries. Apportionment factors for the particulate markers were determined for each country. Ratios of gravimetrically determined respirable suspended particles (RSP) to the surrogate standard concentrations for UVPM and FPM averaged 8.2 and 45, respectively. The average ratio of respirable suspended particles (RSP) to solanesol was 43.

A monitoring system, calibration system and bar code-based, computer sample tracking system For measuring personal exposures to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) are described. The monitoring system collects both vapor and particulate phase ETS analytes on a sorbent tube and filter, respectively, using a single sampling pump. Several battery pack configurations are described which enable continuous sampling times of 16, 28 and 48 h. Detailed methodologies are presented for determining nicotine, 5-ethenylpyridine and myosmine in the vapor phase and respirable suspended particles, solanesol, scopoletin, UVPM and FPM in the particulate phase. Experiments conducted in a controlled-environment test chamber show that all analytes increase linearly with the number of cigarettes smoked. In addition, 3-ethenylpyridine is shown to track closely the vapor phase of ETS (as measured by CO and FID) while nicotine poorly estimates the vapor phase. These data support previously published findings that 3-ethenylpyridine is superior to nicotine as an ETS vapor phase marker.

A rapid gas chromatographic procedure with an analysis time of 5 min was developed for the determination of environmental nicotine collected on sorbent tubes containing XAD-4 resin. In validating this procedure, severe temporal losses of nicotine were observed for solutions in glass sample vials waiting in a queue in an autosampler tray for analysis. These losses were traced to adsorptive interactions of nicotine with the glass surface of the vials. The use of N-ethylnornicotine as the internal standard or the addition of triethylamine to all solutions were both successful in producing constant response ratios of nicotine to internal standard. Owing to the limited availability and expense of N-ethylnornicotine, our current procedure calls for the addition of triethylamine to all nicotine solutions at the 0.01% V/V level and the use of quinoline as internal standard.