Annals of the New York Academy of SciencesVolume 127, Issue 1 p. 780-799 MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN SWINE* J. E. French, J. E. French Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, EnglandSearch for more papers by this authorM. A. Jennings, M. A. Jennings Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, EnglandSearch for more papers by this authorH. W. Florey, H. W. Florey Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, EnglandSearch for more papers by this author J. E. French, J. E. French Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, EnglandSearch for more papers by this authorM. A. Jennings, M. A. Jennings Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, EnglandSearch for more papers by this authorH. W. Florey, H. W. Florey Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, EnglandSearch for more papers by this author First published: September 1965 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1965.tb49444.xCitations: 74 * This work was supported by Grant No. H5932 from the National Heart Institute, U. S. Public Health Service. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References 1 GOTTLIEB, H. & J. J. LALICH. 1954. The occurrence of arteriosclerosis in the aorta of swine. Am. J. Pathol. 30: 851. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 2 SKOLD, B. H. & R. GETTY. 1961. Spontaneous atherosclerosis in swine. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 139: 655. Web of Science®Google Scholar 3 JENNINGS, M. A., H. W. FLOREY, W. E. STEHBENS & J. E. FRENCH. 1961. Intimal changes in the arteries of a pig. J. Pathol. Bacteriol. 81: 49. 10.1002/path.1700810107 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 4 FRENCH, J. E., M. A. JENNINGS, J. C. F. POOLE, D. S. ROBINSON & H. W. FLOREY. 1963. Intimal changes in the arteries of ageing swine. Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) Ser. B 158: 24. 10.1098/rspb.1963.0032 CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar 5 ROWSELL, H. C., H. G. DOWNIE & J. F. MUSTARD. 1958. The experimental production of atherosclerosis in swine following the feeding of butter and margarine. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 79: 647. CASPubMedGoogle Scholar 6 ROWSELL, H. C., H. G. DOWNIE & J. F. MUSTARD. 1960. Comparison of the effect of egg yolk or butter on the development of atherosclerosis in swine. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 83: 1175. 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Google Scholar 27 LÜGINBUHL, H. & J. E. T. JONES. 1965. Morphology and morphogenesis of atherosclerosis in aged swine. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. This Annal. Google Scholar 28 SEIFERT, K. 1962. Elektronmikroskopische Untersuchungen der Aorta des Hauschweines. 2. Zellforsch. Mikroskop. Anat. Abt. Histochem. 58: 331. 10.1007/BF00501489 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 29 PRIOR, J. T. & D. B. JONES. 1952. Structural alterations within the aortic intima in infancy and childhood. Am. J. Pathol. 28: 937. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 30 MOVAT, H. Z., R. H. MORE & M. D. HAUST. 1958. The diffuse intimal thickening of the human aorta with ageing. Am. J. Pathol. 34: 1023. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 31 GEISSINGER, H. D., J. F. MUSTARD & H. C. ROWSELL. 1962. The occurrence of microthrombi on the aortic endothelium. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 87: 405. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Citing Literature Volume127, Issue1Comparative CardiologySeptember 1965Pages 780-799 ReferencesRelatedInformation

1. Twelve pigs between 4 and 10 years of age were examined for atherosclerosis of the aorta, coronary arteries, and other main arteries. Light- and electron-microscopy were used for study of the lesions. 2. All the pigs had intimal thickenings in the coronary arteries and aorta with a similar distribution to those of atherosclerosis in man. The structure of the thickenings showed many of the features of early human atherosclerotic lesions including changes in elastic tissue and accumulation of lipids, though the later complications found in human disease were not present. Similar lesions in other arteries were particularly well developed in the vessels supplying the mammary glands and uterus. 3. In general, the thickenings increased in extent and in histological development with increasing age. 4. The lipid content of the plasma and the lipid distribution in the high- and low-density lipoproteins were determined. The total plasma lipid concentrations were low when compared with those of man. In the females a higher proportion of the total plasma lipid was associated with the low-density lipoproteins than in most laboratory mammals, while in the two males examined the greater part of the plasma lipid was in the high-density fraction. 5. This investigation supports the idea that natural atherosclerosis in the pig is a suitable model for the experimental study of atherosclerosis in man.

The white head of the artificial thrombus which forms when rat blood is made to flow continuously round a loop of plastic tubing consists mostly of aggregates of platelets. At the centres of the aggregates the platelets retain their characteristic organelles; they are bounded by a well-defined, intact membrane, but they are closely packed together and for the most part there is no visible material between them. At the periphery of the aggregates a fringe of similarly packed bodies appears to consist of platelets which have lost their granules. Leucocytes can be seen adherent to these non-granular bodies. The tight packing of the platelets and the loss of granules occurs at an early stage in the formation of the artificial thrombus and precedes widespread fibrin formation. Appearances indicate that the contents of granules are extruded into the space between platelets when the limiting membrane of a granule joins with the platelet boundary membrane. The morphology of the platelet aggregates is unaffected by anticoagulant doses of heparin.

The Journal of Pathology and BacteriologyVolume 79, Issue 1 p. 11-19 Article The uptake and storage of lipid particles in lymph-glands in the rat J. E. French, J. E. French Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of OxfordSearch for more papers by this authorB. Morris, B. Morris Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of OxfordSearch for more papers by this author J. E. French, J. E. French Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of OxfordSearch for more papers by this authorB. Morris, B. Morris Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of OxfordSearch for more papers by this author First published: January 1960 https://doi.org/10.1002/path.1700790103Citations: 18AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Citing Literature Volume79, Issue1January 1960Pages 11-19 RelatedInformation

The intestinal lymphatics play only a small part in the absorption of vitamin B12 from the gut in the rat. The activity which appears in the intestinal lymph after a small dose of the labelled vitamin (5 µmg.) is probably due mainly to recirculation and transfer from the plasma. When ten times this dose is given, there is a higher concentration of activity in lymph than in plasma, which suggests that there is then direct uptake by the lymph from the intestinal wall.

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology and Cognate Medical SciencesVolume 44, Issue 2 p. 190-199 ArticleFree Access THE METABOLISM OF CHYLOMICRON FAT IN EXPERIMENTAL NEPHROSIS Bede Morris, Bede Morris The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of OxfordSearch for more papers by this authorJ. E. French, J. E. French The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of OxfordSearch for more papers by this author Bede Morris, Bede Morris The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of OxfordSearch for more papers by this authorJ. E. French, J. E. French The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of OxfordSearch for more papers by this author First published: 07 April 1959 https://doi.org/10.1113/expphysiol.1959.sp001385Citations: 5 We should like to acknowledge the interest and encouragement of Professor Sir Howard Florey and the technical assistance of Miss Margrit Hoffmann. We are grateful also to Mr. J. F. Scott of the Department of Biometry, Oxford University, for his assistance in the statistical treatment of the data. This research was carried out during the tenure (by Bede Morris) of an Australian and New Zealand Life Insurance Medical Research Travelling Fellowship. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume44, Issue2April 7, 1959Pages 190-199 RelatedInformation

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology and Cognate Medical SciencesVolume 44, Issue 3 p. 239-243 ArticleFree Access THE SYNTHESIS AND HYDROLYSIS OF CHOLESTERYL ESTER BY CELLS OF THE RETICULO-ENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM A. J. Day, A. J. Day The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of OxfordSearch for more papers by this authorJ. E. French, J. E. French The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of OxfordSearch for more papers by this author A. J. Day, A. J. Day The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of OxfordSearch for more papers by this authorJ. E. French, J. E. French The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of OxfordSearch for more papers by this author First published: 16 July 1959 https://doi.org/10.1113/expphysiol.1959.sp001396Citations: 13 We are indebted to Professor Sir Howard Florey for his interest in this work and to Mr. Harold Wheal for technical assistance. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume44, Issue3July 16, 1959Pages 239-243 RelatedInformation

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology and Cognate Medical SciencesVolume 43, Issue 2 p. 180-188 ArticleFree Access THE UPTAKE AND METABOLISM OF 14C LABELLED CHYLOMICRON FAT BY THE ISOLATED PERFUSED LIVER OF THE RAT B. Morris, B. Morris The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of OxfordSearch for more papers by this authorJ. E. French, J. E. French The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of OxfordSearch for more papers by this author B. Morris, B. Morris The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of OxfordSearch for more papers by this authorJ. E. French, J. E. French The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of OxfordSearch for more papers by this author First published: 07 April 1958 https://doi.org/10.1113/expphysiol.1958.sp001315Citations: 108 We should like to thank Professor Sir Howard Florey for his encouragement of this work and Miss Margrit Hoffmann for her technical assistance. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume43, Issue2April 7, 1958Pages 180-188 RelatedInformation

Journal Article REMOVAL OF LIPIDS FROM THE BLOOD STREAM Get access J. E. FRENCH, D.M. D.Phill, J. E. FRENCH, D.M. D.Phill Sir William Dunn School of Pathology University of Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar B. MORRIS, B.V.Sc. D.Phill, B. MORRIS, B.V.Sc. D.Phill Sir William Dunn School of Pathology University of Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. S. ROBINSON, M.A. Ph.D. D. S. ROBINSON, M.A. Ph.D. Sir William Dunn School of Pathology University of Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar British Medical Bulletin, Volume 14, Issue 3, September 1958, Pages 234–238, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a069689 Published: 01 September 1958

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology and Cognate Medical SciencesVolume 42, Issue 2 p. 151-163 ArticleFree Access THE HEPARIN CLEARING REACTION AND FAT TRANSPORT D S. Robinson, D S. Robinson Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, OxfordSearch for more papers by this authorJ. E. French, J. E. FrenchSearch for more papers by this author D S. Robinson, D S. Robinson Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, OxfordSearch for more papers by this authorJ. E. French, J. E. FrenchSearch for more papers by this author First published: 07 April 1957 https://doi.org/10.1113/expphysiol.1957.sp001246Citations: 108AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume42, Issue2April 7, 1957Pages 151-163 RelatedInformation

1. In the rat, the clearing of chyle by heparinized plasma allows the subsequent clearing of turbid suspensions of cholesterol.2. This secondary clearing of cholesterol is probably due to solution of the cholesterol in the fatty acid‐protein complexes produced during the clearing of chyle.3. This process is presumably related to the solution of cholesterol suspensions in colloidal soaps, and some observations on this system are presented.

1. Chyle from rats or rabbits fed a mixture of cholesterol and olive oil can be cleared when added to heparinized plasma in vitro.2. The plasma of rabbits fed cholesterol contains lipoid particles which have a much greater relative concentration of cholesterol than lipoid particles from the chyle. These particles clear slightly or not at all when added to heparinized plasma in vitro.3. The plasma of rabbits fed cholesterol has an inhibitory effect on the rate of clearing of added chyle by heparinized plasma in vitro.4. The lipæmia in rabbits fed cholesterol can be attributed primarily to failure in the disposal of the cholesterol‐containing residue of the chylomicra rather than to failure in the mechanism for breakdown of these particles in the blood.

1. It has been confirmed that during the absorption of olive oil in the rat there is an increase in the ability of the animal's plasma to clear chyle in vitro. The conditions whereby this post‐absorption clearing can best be demonstrated have been described.2. A comparison has been made between the clearing of chyle by a post‐absorption plasma and by a plasma withdrawn 15 minutes after the injection of 5 units of heparin per kg. of body weight. The two clearing systems have been shown to behave similarly with regard to temperature, pH, and inhibitors such as Triton derivatives, sodium tauroglycocholate and protamine. In both systems, as clearing of the chyle proceeds, fatty acid is released with the subsequent formation of a soluble fatty acid‐albumin complex in the plasma.3. In normal plasma a 0·85 per cent sodium chloride extract of rat pancreas has been shown to clear added chyle slowly. This clearing is markedly accelerated in the presence of sodium tauroglycocholate.4. The similarity between the post‐absorption and heparinized plasma‐clearing systems is discussed. It is suggested that the post‐absorption clearing reaction may represent the physiological mechanism for the dissolution of chylomicrons in the blood. If this is the case, it is shown that plasma albumin can play only a transient role as an acceptor of the dissolved lipid.

1. When chyle is added to the plasma of rats which have received an intravenous injection of heparin, the extent of clearing is determined by the quantity of plasma albumin present.2. After clearing, the lipid which has become soluble can be recovered quantitatively from the albumin fraction of the plasma proteins in the form of fatty acid.

1. When chyle is added in vitro to the plasma of rats which have received an intravenous injection of heparin, there is a progressive fall in turbidity.2. The rate of clearing depends on the concentration in the plasma of a factor which is formed following the injection of heparin. The concentration of this factor depends in turn on the amount of heparin injected, but the relationship between the two is not linear.3. The amount of chyle cleared is independent of the amount of heparin injected over the range 5 to 500 units heparin per kg. of body weight. It does depend on a second factor which is present in normal as well as in heparinised plasma.4. When chyle is added in excess to plasma containing the heparin factor, the particulate lipid which is not cleared shows changed properties and can then be cleared by normal plasma.