At the end of the last century, criminalisation has become a globally accepted mode of governing social problems. Using two policy fields, sea rescue in the Mediterra- nean and combating hate speech on the internet, we propose a cultural anthropological perspective on the punitive turn and the politics of criminalisation. Using the concept of crimscapes, we describe the dynamic landscapes that unfold around criminal justice interventions, in which new figures of threat and vulnerability emerge, moral orders are restructured and new constellations of actors and practices are brought to the fore. By relating different policy fields, understood as local articulations of global dynamics of criminalisation, the concept also points to the ambivalences of this policy, which can also have an enabling and protective effect alongside exclusionary, stratifying and punitive effects. This underlines the need for critical cultural anthropological research that highlights the ambivalences and contradictions of criminalisation and contributes to an informed critique that is not based solely on normative evaluations, but can also draw attention to unintended effects and contradictions in political debates.

At the end of the last century, criminalisation has become a globally accepted mode of governing social problems. Using two policy fields, sea rescue in the Mediterranean and combating hate speech on the internet, we propose a cultural anthropological perspective on the punitive turn and the politics of criminalisation. Using the concept of crimscapes, we describe the dynamic landscapes that unfold around criminal justice interventions, in which new figures of threat and vulnerability emerge, moral orders are restructured and new constellations of actors and practices are brought to the fore. By relating different policy fields, understood as local articulations of global dynamics of criminalisation, the concept also points to the ambivalences of this policy, which can also have an enabling and protective effect alongside exclusionary, stratifying and punitive effects. This underlines the need for critical cultural anthropological research that highlights the ambivalences and contradictions of criminalisation and contributes to an informed critique that is not based solely on normative evaluations, but can also draw attention to unintended effects and contradictions in political debates.

During the 1990s, the Berlin women’s prison was reformed to do justice to female inmates. This redesigning of space and programs was intended to meet women-specific conditions and needs. The present paper engages with this prison reform as transformation in the name of gender justice. Based on interviews with prison reformers, criminologists, and policymakers, as well as on the analysis of historical documents, we illuminate how a specific figure of the “criminalized woman” helps to translate the abstract notion of social justice into situated practice. From the 1970s onward, a new knowledge of women’s crime would emerge: it constituted female offenders as victims of patriarchal oppression and victimization, allowing the prison system to be criticized as androcentric and discriminatory against women. We argue that subsequent reform pursued gender justice in the form of difference-based, gender-responsive programs and spaces targeting individual inmates’ character and mindset. Thereby, the reformers’ initial critique of social justice would be unintentionally depoliticized and so gender, economic, and political inequalities remained unaddressed. Our purpose is hence twofold: first, to review the recent history of women’s incarceration in Germany, and second, to add a social justice focus to the international criminological debate on gender, prison, and reform.

Abseits des verbandlich organisierten Fußballs versuchen zahlreiche Fußballinitiativen, mit dem Leistungsprimat des hegemonialen Fußballmodells zu brechen. Dieser Artikel analysiert anhand eines internationalen feministischen Fußballfestivals die spielerischen und organisatorischen Praktiken, mit denen Leistungsstreben und Wettstreit zugunsten von Vergemeinschaftung, Solidarität und gegenseitiger Befähigung austariert werden. Diese praktische Umgestaltung und die Grenzen, an die sie stoßen, werden vor dem Hintergrund eines leistungszentrierenden Sportbegriffs und der daran geübten feministischen Kritik diskutiert. Im Mittelpunkt steht dabei die Frage, ob die Dezentrierung des Wettstreits als Entsportlichung oder eigensinniger Gegenentwurf verstanden werden kann. Der Artikel plädiert für einen praxistheoretischen und feministisch informierten Sportbegriff, der nicht auf Leistung und Wettstreit basiert, sondern sich für die vielfältigen Praxisformen des Fußballs öffnet. Das der Analyse zugrunde liegende empirische Material wurde im Rahmen einer mehrjährigen ethnografischen Feldforschung bei einer Frauenrechts- und Frauenfußballorganisation erhoben.

We use the concept of the ‘monster’ in this article as an analytical tool to grasp a variety of persons who – understood to be criminals in their countries of residence, and living with or thought to be particularly vulnerable to HIV – are perceived as threats from across the European region. Building on the field of monster studies, we focus here on strategies undertaken to shift the ‘monstrous’ towards the ‘human’ along what we describe as monster–human continuums. Relying on ethnographic fieldwork from Germany, Poland and Greece, four case studies examine processes of (re-)humanisation in the fields of migration, prisons, drug use and sex work that emerge at the intersections of humanitarianism, public health, human rights and citizenship. In particular, we propose that these strategies can entail the production of dissimilar forms of political subjectivity, the redistribution of responsibility or vulnerability and a reshuffling of blame within the moral economy of innocence and guilt – strategies that produce particular norms and forms of the human. These strategies, moreover, involve the normalisation or suppression of ‘abnormal’, ‘irrational’ or ‘guilty’ dimensions of criminalised subjects, thereby taming their capacity to confuse or confront societies’ worldviews, and ultimately foreclosing the possibility to imagine a being-in-the-world otherwise. We thus conclude by asking how embracing the monstrous might facilitate the navigation of cultural, social and moral anxieties that leave room for complex and conflicting practices and subjectivities.

Wie zirkulieren Politiken zwischen geographischen und sozialen Kontexten und politischen Feldern? Der Beitrag fuhrt in das Panel ›Translokale Zirkulationen‹ ein, in dem wir uns analytisch und empirisch der Mobilisierung und Formatierung von Politiken nahern. In der Einleitung gehen wir darauf ein, mit Hilfe welcher Wissenspraktiken Politiken so ›zugerichtet‹ werden, dass sie translokal mobilisiert und in lokale Kontexte eingepasst werden konnen.

For more than 30 years, AIDS activists have been fighting for harm reduction - i.e. needle and syringe programs, and opioid substitution treatment - in German prisons. From the 1990s onwards, international and national legal contexts emerged around HIV/AIDS, prisons, and drug use, significantly impacting activists' engagements with the law. Based on archival research, interviews and observations of AIDS prison activism in (West) Germany, this paper explores how activism focused on enhancing access to a right to health for imprisoned people who inject drugs (PWID) has shifted from medical disobedience and radical critique to judicial action. Building on anthropological debates about biological citizenship and juridification, I argue that the citizenship status of prisoners has transformed with the juridification of health activism. Disobedient acceptance-based activism, morally calling upon human rights, evoked imprisoned PWID as self-determined and worthy members of the body politic. As judicialized activism adopts the biomedical discourse on drug 'addiction', the prisoner is reconfigured into a deserving patient, whose rights are bound to the responsibility to normalize. Accounting for the varied means and channels through which prisoner biological citizenship is negotiated allows for better understanding the different and shifting responses to the unfolding epidemic from a heterogeneous European civil society.

In diesem Jahr feiert der Frauenfusball sein 50-jahriges offizielles Bestehen. Das ist nicht nur ein guter Grund, den mutigen Pionierinnen auf dem Rasen und in den Verbanden zu gratulieren. Es ist auch ein Anlass, die Kritik am modernen Fusball ernst zu nehmen. Ob Korruption und Wettskandale, uberbordende Kommerzialisierung und Gewalt gegen Schiedsrichter*innen oder Rassismus und Homophobie auf den Tribunen – die negativen Konsequenzen des sportlichen Leistungsstrebens sind nicht mehr zu ubersehen. Auch ist die Sorge berechtigt, dass sie nicht auf den Mannerfusball beschrankt bleiben, sondern mit fortschreitender Popularitat des Frauenfusballs auch diesen erfassen. Die gute Nachricht ist: Ein anderer Fusball ist moglich! Gegenwartig wird er vor allem abseits der Verbande und Vereine von politisch motivierten Fusballer*innen organisiert. Neben LGBTI-Turnieren oder antirassistischen Fusballfestivals wird auch an feministisch inspirierten Alternativen gearbeitet. Dieser Beitrag widmet sich der frauenbewegten und feministischen Kritik am modernen Fusball und zeigt Moglichkeiten, wie Konkurrenz und Wettstreit zugunsten von Solidaritat und Gemeinschaft dezentriert werden konnen.

Fußball, ein Männersport? Was lange selbstverständlich war, wird zunehmend bezweifelt. Die Geschlechterverhältnisse sind in Bewegung geraten und Frauen fordern ihren Platz auf dem Rasen. Die ethnografische Studie begleitet eine feministische Frauenfußballorganisation bei ihren lokalen und internationalen Aktivitäten und zeigt die Chancen, aber auch Grenzen, die entstehen, wenn die vermeintlichen Gegensätze „Fußball“ und „Feminismus“ aufeinandertreffen.