Compared to the concept of biobanks, which include one type of biomaterials from patients or a library of DNA samples, new types of biobanks shouldn’t be only repositories, but also infrastructure, which allows for innovative and translational research using biomaterials from patients. Also, parallel biobanking, including the simultaneous collection of various types of biomaterials (whole blood, plasma, exosomes, DNA, microRNA, leukocytes, tumor cells and their microenvironment - frozen with preservation of their viability, etc.) will allow them to be used in in-vitro models to test the effects of drugs, as well as to predict the development of treatment-resistant populations of cancer cells and cellular transformation. This biobanking approach opens new opportunities to study precancerous niches, rare forms of cancer and to develop personalized therapeutic strategies, giving researchers new opportunities for in vitro recapitulation of tissue mechanical and molecular changes, changes of signaling molecules profile and secretome. По сравнению с традиционным представлением о биобанках, включающих в себя один тип заготовляемых биоматериалов пациентов или коллекцию образцов ДНК, биобанки нового типа должны представлять собой не только репозитории, но и инфраструктуру, которая позволит проводить трансляционные и поисковые исследования с использованием биоматериалов от пациентов. Также, паралельное биобанкирование, включающее одновременный забор различных типов биоматериалов (цельная кровь, плазма, экзосомы, ДНК, микроРНК, лейкоциты, замороженные с сохранением своей жизнеспособности клетки опухолей и их микроокружения и т.д.) позволит использовать их в in vitro моделях для проверки действия лекарственных препаратов, а также для прогнозирования развития резистентных к лечению популяций раковых клеток и клеточной трансформации. Такой подход к биобанкированию открывает новые возможности для изучения предраковых ниш, редких форм рака и разработки персонализированных стратегий лечения, также обеспечивая возможность воспроизведения in vitro механической и молекулярной перестройки тканей, изменение профиля сигнальных молекул и секретома клеток.

Significanceespite photodynamic therapy (PDT) for unresectable cholangiocarcinoma is widely used in clinical practice, there is a luck of intraductal video fluorescence diagnostics (VFD) for diagnosis and personalized control of PDT.ApproachПроводили внутрипротоковую флуоресцентную диагностику, как и терапию для контроля фотообесцвечивания тканей, с использованием видеофлуоресцентного модуля (BIOSPEC, Russia) с фотосенсибилизатором хлорин e6.Intraductal fluorescence diagnostics was performed along with the PDT in order to control tissue photobleaching. The specially designed video fluorescence module (BIOSPEC, Russia) was employed with chlorine-e6 based photosensitizer (Fotorun, RUSSIA).ResultsПовышенная концентрация фотосенсибилизатора в опухоли была подтверждена у всех пациентов (100%), а видеофлуоресцентное изображение опухоли было получено у 94%. ВФД улучшила диагностическую точность флуоресцентной оценки с наведением изображения. Персонализированный подход к ФДТ с оценкой фотобличинга улучшил медиану выживаемости и период без желтухи более чем в 2 раза.The increased concentration of the photosensitizer in the tumor was confirmed in all patients (100%), and the video-fluorescence image of the tumor was obtained in 94%. VFD has improved the diagnostic accuracy of image-guided fluorescence assessment. A personalized PDT approach, with the evaluation of photobleaching improved the median survival and jaundice-free period by more than 2 times.ConclusionsФототераностика и билиарное стентирование для билиарной декомпрессии улучшают результаты диагностики и лечения неоперабельной холангиокарциномы, осложненной механической желтухойPhototheranostics and biliary stenting for biliary decompression improve results of diagnostics and treatment of unresectable cholangiocarcinoma complicated by mechanical jaundice

The OBJECTIVE of this article was to present a clinical demonstration of the successful experience of using minimally invasive surgical treatment of a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) by percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA) of parathyroid adenoma, under ultrasound guidance. This method provides maximum effectiveness with minimal invasiveness, a shorter recovery period after surgery, and a better cosmetic effect. After the minimally invasive intervention, the patient had complaints related to hypocalcemia, which develops practically after any form of radical PHPT treatment. No other complications were observed. Further dynamic observation was carried out by an endocrinologist at the place of residence. The obtained positive results demonstrated a good perspective of PHPT treatment by using MWA.

Usually, gastrointestinal tumors (GIT) invading great vessels are acknowledged to be irresectable. Along with that, we can expect positive oncological results only when there is combination treatment with radical surgery (R0 resection). In this article we share the first experience of small intestinal autotransplantation as a method of radical surgery in locally advanced GIT. We conducted the analysis of outcomes of three patients (with pancreas cancer (n=2) and neuroendocrine tumor of caecum (n=1), with neoplastic process involving to superior mesenteric artery and vein. We analyzed intraoperative aspects and algorithm of small intestinal autotransplantation. Long-term outcomes with 1.5-13 months of observing time are presented. On the basis of conducted analysis the authors suggest the possibility of small intestinal autotransplantation in referral centers with strict personalized approach and multidisciplinary surgical team.

Cholangiocellular cancer (CCC) is a malignant neoplasm of the hepatobiliary system that is difficult to diagnose and treat. Currently, the most effective treatment of CCC is demonstrated under the control by fluorescent diagnosis. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has also shown good results in the treatment of this disease, and fluorescence analysis of the photosensitizer is a good approach to control PDT. This article presents the results of a comparison of spectroscopic and quantitative video-fluorescent analysis of chlorin e6 photosensitizer fluorescence in vivo during cholangiocellular cancer surgery. Spectroscopic analysis provides accurate information about the concentration of the photosensitizer in the tumor, while the video-fluorescence method is convenient for visualizing tumor margins. A direct correlation is shown between these two methods when comparing the fluorescence signals before and after PDT. The applied paired Student's t-test shows a significant difference between fluorescence signal before and after PDT in both diagnostic methods. In this regard, video-fluorescence navigation is not inferior in accuracy, sensitivity, or efficiency to spectroscopic methods.

The creation and use of biobanks is an actively growing field that plays an important role in the development of many branches of biotechnology and biomedicine, including oncology and translational medicine. In this review, based on the analysis of more than 80 Russian and foreign publications, we describe the current state of biobanking and its future perspectives. The diversity of biobanking and the problems arising from it, including the limits of applicability to different types of research, as well as the prospects for development are discussed. The role of biobanks in the study of malignant neoplasms, including rare/orphan diseases, and in the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, personalised medicine and pre-clinical screening studies, are highlighted.

We describe a case of a 35-year-old patient with recurrent non-resectable pleural mesothelioma cT4N0M0 with a confirmed malignant pericardial effusion, threatening for cardiac tamponade. We performed and described our experience of intrapericardial photodynamic therapy which was well tolerated and with a good survival result. After 12 months of follow-up our patient showed no signs of pericardial effusion and in stable condition, keeping high level of quality of life. This clinical case is an example of the excellent palliative effect of photodynamic therapy together with concomitant immunotherapy.

New research on Methylene Blue (MB), carried out in 2020, shows that it can be an effective antiviral drug as part of COVID-19 treatment. According to the research findings, MB has potential as a direct antiviral drug for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 in the first stages of the disease. However, the MB accumulation by various types of tissues, as well as by immune cells, has not been previously studied. Therefore, the objective of this study was to obtain spectral data on the interstitial distribution of the administered drug in endothelial tissues in primates. The data on interstitial MB distribution obtained by spectroscopic measurement at both macro- and microlevels during oral administration to Hamadryas baboon individuals demonstrate that MB accumulates in mucous membranes of gastrointestinal tract and the tissues of the respiratory, cardiovascular, immune, and nervous systems. Additionally, it was found that MB was present in lung and brain myeloid cells in significant concentrations, which makes it potentially useful for protection from autoimmune response (cytokine storm) and as a tool for the correction of immunocompetent cells’ functional state during laser irradiation. Since the cytokine storm starts from monocytic cells during SARS-CoV-2 cellular damage and since tumor-associated macrophages can significantly alter tumor metabolism, accumulation of MB in these cells provides a reason to conclude that the immune response correction in COVID-19 patients and change in macrophages phenotype can be achieved by deactivation of inflammatory macrophages in tissues with MB using laser radiation of red spectral range.

ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ МУЛЬТИСПИРАЛЬНОЙ КОМПЬЮТЕРНОЙ ТОМОГРАФИИ В УСТАНОВЛЕНИИ РАСПРОСТРАНЕННОСТИ НЕКЛОСТРИДИАЛЬНОЙ АНАЭРОБНОЙ ФЛЕГМОНЫ ПЕРЕДНЕЙ БРЮШНОЙ СТЕНКИ