Sustainability education and conservation have become an international imperative due to the rising cost of energy, increasing scarcity of natural resource and irresponsible environmental practices. This paper presents Makahiki, an open source serious game framework for sustainability, which implements an extensible framework for different organizations to develop sustainability games. It provides a variety of built-in games and content focused on sustainability; game mechanics such as leaderboards, points, and badges; a variety of common services such as authentication, real-time game analytics and ability to deploy to the cloud, as well as a responsive user interface for both computer and mobile devices. The successful implementation of six sustainability educational games in different organizations provided evidence regarding the ability to customize the Makahiki framework successfully to different environments in both organizational and infrastructure aspects. A serious game stakeholder experience based access method (SGSEAM) was used to formally evaluate Makahiki in order to understand the strengths and weaknesses of Makahiki as a useful serious game framework for sustainability.

The chemical development of a 2,3-disubstituted 4,7-diazaindole is described. The requisite tertiary carbinol substrate was prepared employing in situ-generated CH3TiCl3 as a chemoselective and preferred reagent compared to CH3MgX for methyl addition to an enolizable ketone. The 4,7-diazaindole ring system was efficiently assembled via an intramolecular Chichibabin transformation. The optimized processes were performed on pilot-plant scale to provide kilogram quantities of the target molecule.

The N-amination of indoles on large scale, utilizing a portable Coriolis mass flow metering and pumping system that provides precise dispensing of two reagent streams simultaneously and proportionally, is described.

The Kukui Cup is an advanced dorm energy competition whose goal is to investigate the relationships among energy literacy, sustained energy conservation, and information technology support of behavior change. Two general purpose open source systems have been implemented: WattDepot and Makahiki. WattDepot provides enterprise-level collection, storage, analysis, and visualization of energy data. Makahiki is a web application framework that supports dorm energy competitions of varying degrees of complexity, including a personalized homepage where participants can complete tasks designed to increase energy literacy that can be verified by competition administrators. The technology and approach will be evaluated in a dorm energy competition to take place in the Spring of 2011, with hundreds of University freshmen. The energy use of each pair of dormitory floors will be metered in near-realtime, and the energy literacy of participants will be assessed before and after the competition.

Route selection, process development and large-scale preparation of selectively benzoylated and fluorinated D-glucopyranoses, required as glycosyl donors for the synthesis of the SGLT inhibitor SAR7226, are discussed.

A compound of the formula ##STR1## is prepared by reacting an N-acylated-o-toluidine of the formula ##STR2## with n-alkyllithium to form a dilithio intermediate of the formula ##STR3## which can then be quenched with N-benzylidenemethylamine to fore compound II. Hydrolysis of compound(II) yields the free base ##STR4## or its salt, which can be cyclized to form 4,5-dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-4-phenyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine or its physiologically acceptable salts, which are useful as pharmacological agents.

8-Methoxy-15,16-dinor-6,8,10-trichothecatriene 12,13 alpha-epoxide (5) and 12,13 beta-epoxide (3) were prepared; the stereochemistry of the epoxides was assigned on the basis of 13C NMR. The epoxide 5 was active against 9KB in vitro and P388 in vivo, while the isomeric epoxide 3 was inactive in both test systems.

The agricultural system in Saskatchewan has undergone an adaptive change in the past fifty years. This change is in large part due to the technology adopted by the farmers in Saskatchewan. This paper examines some of the changes that have occurred in Saskatchewan agriculture and employs the indirect innovation model of technical change to explain these changes. The relative price change in fuel, machinery, labour and land explained most of the change in the land/labour ratio in Saskatchewan. Implications were then drawn from the analysis regarding farm size in agricultural research.Le systéme agricole en Saskatchewan a subi un changement approprié au cours des cinquante derniéres années. Ce changement est dû, en grande partie, à la technologie adoptée par les fermiers de la Saskatchewan. Cette étude examine certaines des modifications apparues dans l'agriculture de la Saskatchewan et, afin de les expliquer, elle utilise comme modéle les innovations indirectes intervenues dans le changement technologique. La relative fluctuation des prix de l'essence, des machines, de la main‐d'oeuvre et des terres a entrainé en grande partie le changement du rapport terre/main‐d'oeuvre en Saskatchewan. Des implications ont ensuite été tirées de l'analyse se rapportant à la grandeur des fermes dans la recherche agricole.

Many farmer service institutions have provided a comparative analysis service to their clients. The generally accepted rationale is that comparative analysis reports aid the farmer‐manager in identifying problematic areas with respect to his operation.This study provides a quantitative analysis of the potential usefulness of comparative analysis reports to participating farmers. A simulation model is utilized as the testing vehicle.Plusieurs institutions ďaide aux agriculteurs out offert un service ďanalyses comparatives de régistres, à ses clients. Ľapprobation générate el rationnelle est basée sur Ľaide que procure les rapports ďanalyses comparatives aux producteurs, à identifier les secteurs problématiques ďopération.Cette étude procure line analyse quantitative de potentiel ďutilité, des analyses comparatives de rapports de gestion, en vertu des exploitations agricoles. Un model de simulation est utilise comme méthode de verification.