LED-based photobiomodulation has attracted increasing interest as a potential strategy to improve post-thaw sperm performance, but its biological relevance in canine semen remains poorly defined. This study investigated whether blue and red LED exposure influences baseline sperm quality and the dynamic pattern of post-thaw sperm deterioration in dogs. Semen from six healthy adult dogs was collected, diluted, allocated to control (no LED), blue LED, or red LED groups, and cryopreserved under standardized conditions. After thawing, sperm quality was evaluated by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA), hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST), eosin-nigrosin staining, and a rapid thermoresistance test. Relative motility retention at 10 min post-thaw was calculated as a synthetic indicator of short-term kinetic resilience. No significant baseline differences were detected among LED conditions for any seminal or CASA-derived parameter. In contrast, post-thaw sperm kinetics were clearly time-dependent and treatment-sensitive. Total motility showed a strong temporal decline and a significant treatment-dependent decay pattern, whereas progressive motility exhibited significant effects of treatment, time, and treatment × time interaction, indicating greater sensitivity for detecting functional differences among LED conditions. The red LED condition preserved a substantially greater fraction of both total and progressive motility during the first 10 min after thawing, demonstrating superior short-term post-thaw kinetic resilience. In conclusion, red LED was the most effective condition for preserving early post-thaw sperm kinetic resilience in canine semen, and progressive motility proved to be the most sensitive functional marker for detecting treatment-related differences.

Background/Objective: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. The TAB2/SUMO4 locus has been implicated in T1D susceptibility through a biochemical mechanism involving NF kappa B. Given that alterations in NF kappa B activity have been linked to the etiology of T1D, this study evaluated the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TAB2/SUMO4 region (rs6942381, rs237027, rs237025, and rs7896) and T1D in a population from southern Brazil. Methods: Two T1D groups, each comprising 150 with childhood-onset (aged <= 14 years) and 150 with adulthood-onset (aged >18 years) were compared with healthy controls (165 children aged <= 14 years and 150 adults aged >18 years, respectively). Genotyping of SNPs in the TAB2/SUMO4 region was performed using real-time PCR. Results: All polymorphisms were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The genotype and allele frequencies of the studied polymorphisms in the TAB2/SUMO4 region did not differ among groups in either children or adults. The MAF of the children and adults controls are respectively for rs6942381 49.1% (95% CI 44-54%) and 48.0% (95% CI 42-52%), rs237027 12.4% (95% CI 9-16%) and 11.7% (95% CI 8-15%), rs237025 45.5% (95% CI 40-51%) and 46.0% (95% CI 41-52%) and rs7896 18.2% (95% CI 14-22%) and 24.3% (95% CI 19-29%). The haplotype frequencies were also similar between groups. The observed minor allele frequencies were similar to those reported in European populations. Conclusions: TAB2/SUMO4 locus polymorphisms (rs6942381, rs237027, rs237025, and rs7896) were not associated with childhood- or adulthood-onset T1D in the studied population.

Background/Objectives: Prediabetes is a metabolic condition involving various phenotypes of glucose metabolism. Prediabetes increases the risk of heart disease, among other conditions. Hence, we employed machine learning tools to characterize phenotypes associated with cardiovascular disease using routine laboratory biomarkers. Methods: We processed laboratory records of over 1,000,000 de-identified individuals, resulting in a sample of 3024 individuals classified as prediabetic (fasting blood glucose 100-125 mg/dL combined with HbA1c 5.7-6.4%). Lipid profile parameters (total cholesterol [TC], HDL-C, LDL-C, and triglycerides) and associated indices (atherogenic index of plasma, Log10(TG/HDL-C), triglyceride-glucose index [TyG], TC/HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C, among others) were analyzed using the k-means algorithm. Two groups emerged based on biomarker concentrations, a pro-atherogenic cluster (P-AC; n = 1113) and a less-atherogenic cluster (L-AC; n = 1911) for cardiovascular disease. Results: We assessed the performance of biomarkers in the P-AC and L-AC clusters using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Triglycerides (area under the curve [AUC] 0.977), AIP (AUC 0.978), and triglyceride-glucose index (AUC 0.974) showed sensitivity and specificity >90%. The TC/HDL-C (AUC 0.903) and LDL-C/HDL-C (AUC 0.865) indices also performed well, with sensitivity and specificity of 80%. Binomial logistic regression applied to the groups generated by k-means using the biomarkers AIP and LDL-C/HDL-C showed an AUC of 0.984 and accuracy above 93%. Conclusions: The k-means algorithm enabled the identification of a P-AC for cardiovascular disease among prediabetics using cost-effective laboratory biomarkers that are widely accessible in laboratories. Individuals classified as P-AC may benefit from differentiated treatment to minimize this factor.

Abstract Multidrug resistance (MDR) remains a major obstacle to effective cancer chemotherapy, often driven by the overexpression of ABC transporters such as ABCG2. In this study, we identified the synthetic chalcone derivative, B5, as a selective ABCG2 inhibitor. Among the 20 chalcone analogs evaluated, B5, bearing an acetamide group at R1 and an ethoxy substituent at R2, was the only compound that produced more than 50% inhibition of ABCG2-mediated Hoechst 33342 transport at 10 μM, while showing no activity against ABCB1. B5 exhibited an IC50 of 2.7 μM for ABCG2 inhibition, consistent with the low-micromolar potency reported for chalcone-based ABCG2 modulators. Furthermore, B5 effectively reversed ABCG2-mediated resistance to the chemotherapeutic agent SN-38 in ABCG2-overexpressing cells, thereby restoring drug sensitivity. Notably, B5 was noncytotoxic at concentrations up to 5 μM and did not exhibit differential cytotoxicity between parental and ABCG2-overexpressing cells, suggesting that it was not efficiently transported under the experimental conditions. ATPase assays revealed that B5 stimulated, rather than inhibited, ABCG2 ATPase activity, a behavior previously reported for chemically distinct ABCG2 inhibitors. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations suggested that B5 bound within the central inhibitor-binding cavity of ABCG2, forming π–π interactions with Phe439 and hydrophobic contacts with Val546, although with a lower interaction frequency than the reference inhibitor Ko143. This binding mode, together with the physicochemical properties of B5, suggested that the electron-donating acetamide group enhanced its inhibitory activity, potentially by facilitating hydrogen-bonding interactions within the binding pocket. Collectively, these findings identified B5 as a promising lead compound for the development of selective ABCG2 inhibitors and provided structural insights to support the rational design of more potent analogs capable of overcoming MDR in cancer.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) mediated by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters remains a major obstacle to cancer chemotherapy, particularly at later disease stages with metastases. Among the 48 human ABC proteins, P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) are the most studied ABC transporters associated with MDR. Inhibition of ABC transporters has been considered as one possible strategy to overcome MDR. In this study, twelve N-methylpyrazole derivatives were evaluated as inhibitors of ABCB1, ABCC1, and ABCG2. Several compounds selectively inhibited ABCG2 while showing no activity against ABCB1 or ABCC1. The most potent derivative, 1l, inhibited more than 50% of ABCG2 activity at 10 μM and displayed substrate-independent inhibition, with IC50 values ranging from 1.6 to 3.8 μM depending on the fluorescent probe used. Compound 1l exhibited only mild cytotoxicity and was not transported itself by ABCG2. Mechanistic studies revealed that 1l induced conformational changes in ABCG2, as evidenced by increased binding of the 5D3 conformational antibody. Combination assays with established ABCG2 inhibitors, including chromone 4a and indeno-[1,2-b]indole 5e, showed neither synergistic nor antagonistic effects. Induced-fit docking simulations supported the experimental data, indicating that 1l binds within the central transmembrane cavity of ABCG2, engaging key residues such as Phe439 and stabilizing inward-facing conformations. Finally, co-treatment with 1l restored sensitivity of ABCG2-overexpressing cells to the anticancer drug SN38, effectively reversing the MDR phenotype. Collectively, these results identify N-methylpyrazole derivatives as promising selective inhibitors of ABCG2.

The ABCG2 transporter is an efflux pump that can transport various anticancer drugs and is strongly associated with multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer. A promising strategy to combat MDR mediated by this transporter is through functional inhibition. However, there are currently no potent selective ABCG2 inhibitors in clinical trials. Chalcone, a privileged scaffold, can be easily synthesized to produce a wide array of derivatives with diverse biological applications. Notably, chalcone derivatives have been identified as inhibitors of ABC transporters, including ABCG2. In this study, we synthesized and evaluated a series of twenty chalcone derivatives as potential ABCG2 inhibitors. Out of these, ten compounds were found to completely inhibit ABCG2 transport activity. Among them, compounds 10, 19, and 20 demonstrated particularly high potency, with EC50 values (compound concentrations giving a half-maximal inhibition) of 0.34, 0.83, and 0.94 μM, respectively. These three promising chalcone derivatives selectively inhibited ABCG2, enhanced the binding of the 5D3 conformational antibody, and exhibited low cytotoxicity, with estimated IG50 values (compound concentrations giving a half-maximal cell viability) exceeding 50 μM. The therapeutic ratio (TR), calculated as the ratio of IG50 to EC50 values, revealed that 10 had a TR greater than 147, nearly 3-fold higher than those of 19 (greater than 60) and 20 (greater than 53). Modeling studies, while biased towards the conformation of the selected starting compound, successfully reproduced relevant interactions with residues Phe439 and Asn436, which are consistent with ABCG2 inhibition. Finally, 10 was shown to chemosensitize cell lines that overexpress ABCG2, effectively overcoming the MDR phenotype mediated by this transporter.

One of the major challenges of studying biomarkers in tumor samples is the low quantity and quality of isolated RNA, DNA, and proteins. Additionally, the extraction methods ideally should obtain macromolecules from the same tumor biopsy, allowing better-integrated data interpretation. In this work, an in-house, low-cost, mixed-type tissue crusher combining blade and beating principles was made and the simultaneous isolation of macromolecules from human cells and tissues was achieved using TRIzol. RT-qPCR, genotyping, SDS-PAGE, and Western blot analysis were used to validate the approach. For tissue samples, RNA, DNA, and proteins resulted in an average yield of 677 ng/mg, 225 ng/mg, and 1.4 µg/mg, respectively. The same approach was validated using cell lines. The isolated macromolecule validation included the detection of mRNA levels of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters through RT-qPCR, genotyping of TNFR1 (rs767455), and protein visualization through SDS-PAGE following Coomassie blue staining and Western blot. This work contributed to filling a gap in knowledge about TRIzol efficiency for the simultaneous extraction of RNA, DNA, and proteins from a single human tissue sample. A low-cost, high yield, and quality method was validated using target biomarkers of multidrug resistance mechanisms. This approach might be advantageous for future biomarker studies using different tissue specimens.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) poses one of the primary challenges for cancer treatment, especially in cases of metastatic disease. Various mechanisms contribute to MDR, including the overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins. In this context, we reviewed the literature to establish a correlation between the overexpression of ABC proteins and MDR in cancer, considering both in vitro and clinical studies. Initially, we presented an overview of the seven subfamilies of ABC proteins, along with the subcellular localization of each protein. Subsequently, we identified a panel of 20 ABC proteins (ABCA1-3, ABCA7, ABCB1-2, ABCB4-6, ABCC1-5, ABCC10-11, ABCE1, ABCF2, ABCG1, and ABCG2) associated with MDR. We also emphasize the significance of drug sequestration by certain ABC proteins into intracellular compartments. Among the anticancer drugs linked to MDR, 29 were definitively identified as substrates for at least one of the three most crucial ABC transporters: ABCB1, ABCC1, and ABCG2. We further discussed that the most commonly used drugs in standard regimens for mainly breast cancer, lung cancer, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia could be subject to MDR mediated by ABC transporters. Collectively, these insights will aid in conducting new studies aimed at a deeper understanding of the clinical MDR mediated by ABC proteins and in designing more effective pharmacological treatments to enhance the objective response rate in cancer patients.

In the original publication [...].

This study aimed to optimize the extraction of bioactive compounds from the pulp, seeds, and leaves of grumixameira (Eugenia brasiliensis Lam.) and evaluate its antioxidant and cytotoxic effects for direct use in creamy cheeses for conservation purposes. Through the response surface methodology, the best mixtures of solvents (water:ethanol:acetone volume fractions) were identified for each plant part: pulp (0.42: 0.16: 0.42), leaves (0.49: 0.26: 0.25) and seeds (0.54: 0.30: 0.16); which promoted an increase in the yield of the extraction of bioactive compounds. Leaves extracts showed the greatest index of total phenolic content (187.03 mg GAE/g) and highest antioxidant activities through DPPH (486.55 mg Trolox/g) and FRAP (680.81 mg ferric sulfate/g) assays. The pulp extracts, in turn, presented the highest indexes of content of total flavonoids (20.17 mg QE/g) and total anthocyanins (62.32 cyanidin-3-glucoside/g). The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses identified quercetin as the major compound in all extracts, followed by catechin. The rutin also stood out in leaves and pulp extracts.The extracts obtained from the leaves and pulp of grumixama showed a low cytotoxic effect on human embryonic kidney cells. Using the three optimized extracts in creamy cheeses contributed to preserving the physical-chemical and microbiological characteristics, emphasizing the leaves extracts when used at a concentration of 2 wt. %. Thus, the results obtained in this study demonstrated the bioactive potential of these natural extracts, which can be exploited for technological applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

The breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) plays a major role in the multidrug resistance of cancers toward chemotherapeutic treatments. It was demonstrated that cholesterol regulates the ABCG2 activity, suggesting that lower levels of membrane cholesterol decrease the ABCG2 activity in mammalian cells. However, the precise mechanism remains unclear. To better understand the role of cholesterol in the ABCG2 activity, we studied the ABCG2-mediated efflux of different substrates in the presence of different concentrations of cholesterol. Moreover, we synthetized derivatives of cholesterol linked either to known ABCG2 inhibitors or fluorescents probes. A chalcone-cholesterol was synthetized to investigate the influence of cholesterol on ABCG2 inhibition, and a BODIPY-cholesterol was developed to track cholesterol trafficking on mammalian cells and investigate the behavior of cholesterol as an ABCG2 substrate. The obtained results with three different substrates of ABCG2 showed that cholesterol did not affect the intracellular amount of substrates nor the transport activity.

This study explored eco-friendly technology to optimize the production of hydroalcoholic peppermint natural extracts (NEP) and extend the shelf life of strawberries with natural, nontoxic substances while preserving their characteristics. Validated Response Surface Models for solid-liquid extraction demonstrated that optimal yields of total phenolic compounds (TPCop) at 38 Given the rising interest in sustainable and natural methods for food preservation, our research explored the remarkable potential of peppermint extracts. Our experimental findings revealed that hydroethanolic extracts of peppermint, confirmed to be nontoxic, can serve as effective natural additives for extending the shelf life of strawberries. Our findings open up potential routes for using natural extracts to preserve a wide range of food products. Solid-liquid extraction optimized yields of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Rosmarinic acid was the dominant compound in hydroalcoholic peppermint extracts. Cell viability assays suggest that NEP solutions are biocompatible. Peppermint extracts extended strawberry shelf life by up to 92

Cancer treatment is challenged by the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR). MDR is often caused by the overexpression of certain ABC transporters, such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp, ABCB1) in the plasma membrane of tumor cells and tumor stem cells. Inhibition of ABC transporter-mediated efflux of anticancer drugs might be a plausible approach to overcome MDR. Here, we studied the interaction of 16 tetrahydroquinoline/4,5-dihydroisoxazole derivatives (A1 - D4) with human P-gp to identify and characterize new P-gp inhibitors. We found that compounds C1 and D1 inhibited the P-gp-mediated efflux of rhodamine 123 (R123), with IC50 values of 41.5 and 6.6 μM, respectively. Both compounds showed low cytotoxicity on NIH3T3 and NIH3T3-ABCB1 cells over a broad concentration range. Interestingly, C1 and D1 increased the ATPase activity of P-gp at sub-micromolar concentrations, showing EC50 values of 0.17 and 0.62 μM, respectively. However, thermal inactivation and UIC2 reactivity assays supported that, similar to potent P-gp inhibitors, C1 and D1 can hinder the dimerization of the nucleotide binding domains (NBDs), when applied at higher concentrations (≥10 μM). In addition, docking studies showed that D1 preferentially interacts with the central substrate binding cavity of P-gp. Finally, D1 chemosensitized drug-resistant KB-V1 cells overexpressing P-gp. In view of our previous findings that C1 and D1 also inhibit ABCG2 and MRP1, they can be considered as novel pan-ABC transporter inhibitors offering potential for treating chemotherapy-resistant tumors.

ABSTRACT Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a complex autoimmune disease resulting from pancreatic insulin-producing cell destruction. Numerous studies have investigated the association between the Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier 4 (SUMO4) gene and the risk of T1D development. However, these findings are not consistent, particularly in non-Asian populations. This scoping review aims to comprehensively assess the association between the SUMO4 gene and TD1 in individuals of non-Asian origin. A systematic search of electronic databases was performed, including Web of Science, PubMed, Embase and Scopus. Case-control studies and prospective cohorts that provided relevant information for the association analysis were included. 6,841 articles were initially identified through database searches. After removing duplicates, 3,835 articles remained for screening. Twenty-five studies underwent full-text analysis, with nine being included in the scoping review after 16 were excluded. These studies utilized various genotyping methods, including PCR-ARMS, SSCP, RFLP, and genotyping platforms such as ILMN and SQMN. While some studies reported the male/female ratio, others focused on family studies or diabetic probands. The research was predominantly conducted in North America, Europe, Oceania, and Argentina. Across these studies, no significant evidence linking SUMO4 SNPs to T1D was found, except for marginal associations or those dependent on high-risk HLA genotype positivity. No significant association was detected between the SUMO4 gene and T1D in non-asian individuals. This finding suggests that polymorphisms in this gene might not play a substantial role in susceptibility to T1D in the investigated population.

Current cancer treatments are challenged by multidrug resistance (MDR). MDR can be a result of overexpression of ABC transporters, such as the multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1). They act as efflux pumps expelling chemotherapy outside of the cells, and ABC transport inhibitors can overcome MDR. To identify and characterize new MRP1 inhibitors, 16 tetrahydroquinoline/4,5-dihydroisoxazole derivatives (A1 - D4) were tested in stably transfected cells overexpressing MRP1 (BHK21-MRP1). Compounds A1 and D1 showed the best results (IC50 of 0.58 and 2.74 μM, respectively). They showed low cytotoxicity and were not transported by MRP1. Compound A1 showed a therapeutic ratio (TR) higher than 170. Our structural model's analysis suggests that A1 fluctuates between the P and H-pockets in the MRP1. A1 interacts with Gln377 and Lys332 and is further supported by π-contacts with Trp1246 and Phe594. The different binding site of A1 and the substrate calcein-AM, as revealed by the molecular modelling analysis, was confirmed by the non-competitive inhibition observed by flow cytometry. The major significance lies in the confirmation of the A1 and D1 inhibition, as they improved the effect of chemotherapeutics (etoposide and daunorubicin) in cells overexpressing MRP1. Together, these results demonstrated the potential of A1 to follow in pre-clinical studies.

Background/Objectives: Glycated albumin (GA) serves as a biomarker for short-term glycemic control (2–3 weeks), playing a role in diabetes management. Our goal was to establish reference intervals (RIs) for serum GA, and the ratios of 1,5-anhydroglucitol to GA (AGI) and GA to HbA1c in a Euro-Brazilian pediatric population (10 y, n = 299), adults (43.5 y; n = 290), and pregnant women (26 y, n = 406; 26.5 ± 3.1 gestation weeks). Methods: Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was employed to determine RIs for type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children (n = 148) and adults (n = 81), type 2 diabetes (T2D, n = 283), and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM, n = 177). Results: Both non-pregnant and pregnant women exhibited GA RIs of 10.0–13.3% and 10.6–14.7%, respectively. The AGI ratio varied from 1.2–4.3 in children, 0.9–3.6 in adults, and 0.8–3.1 in pregnant women. Meanwhile, the GA/HbA1c ratio ranged from 1.8–2.6 in children and adults to 2.3–3.6 in pregnant women. GA and AGI ratios accurately differentiated between T1D and T2D, demonstrating high sensitivity (>84%) and specificity (>97%), with AGI showing superior performance (AUC > 0.99). The GA/HbA1c ratio exhibited moderate discriminatory power (AUC > 0.733) but was less effective in distinguishing adult-onset T1D and T2D, suggesting its limited utility in certain groups. Conclusions: The proposed RIs are consistent with those of other Caucasian populations, affirming their relevance for Euro-Brazilian patients. The GA and AGI ratios emerge as valuable diagnostic tools for T1D and T2D, though their reduced sensitivity in diagnosing GDM warrants further investigation. Clinicians might leverage GA and AGI ratios for more tailored diabetes management, especially when HbA1c results are not optimal.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory infection caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). In the current scenario of COVID-19, more than 6 million people have died worldwide, and near seven hundred thousand only in Brazil alone. The objective this work is designer a database using MySQL to develop a system for geolocating COVID-19 affected individuals and their close contacts. Patient addresses registered in the laboratory database were used to search for coordinate (latitude and longitude) using the OpenStreetMap Application Programming Interface. The user interface was developed in PHP using HTML, JavaScript, CSS, and AJAX. A dashboard displaying the geolocation information of selected patients was presented on the screen for public health agents. A system called G-CoV.2 was developed. The makers produced by G-CoV.2 had 100% accuracy when manually compared with the same patient address records. G-CoV.2 can be used as a computational system to aid health managers in identifying regions with the most people infected by COVID-19 or other pathological processes. The submitted work can meet the third goal of sustainable development of the United Nations for Latin America, ensuring a healthy life and thus promoting well-being for all people, at all ages. One of the ways is through the monitoring of COVID-19 and other pathologies as a preventive measure, applying the system developed G-CoV.2 that was the subject of the writing of the article, which may reduce the mortality rate at all ages, with the premise of ending epidemics of serious and communicable diseases, directing health managers to increase investment in health in critical areas, as well as creating actions in favor of prevention and promotion of the population's health.

The breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) transporter mediates the efflux of numerous antineoplastic drugs, playing a central role in multidrug resistance related to cancer. The absence of successful clinical trials using specific ABCG2 inhibitors reveals the urge to identify new compounds to attend this critical demand. In this work, a series of 13 magnolol derivatives was tested as ABCG2 inhibitors. Only two compounds, derivatives 10 and 11, showed partial and complete ABCG2 inhibitory effect, respectively. This inhibition was selective toward ABCG2, since none of the 13 compounds inhibited neither P-glycoprotein nor MRP1. Both inhibitors (10 and 11) were not transported by ABCG2 and demonstrated a low cytotoxic profile even at high concentrations (up to 100 mu M). 11 emerged as the most promising compound of the series, considering the ratio between cytotoxicity (IG50) and ABCG2 inhibition potency (IC50), showing a therapeutic ratio (TR) higher than observed for 10 (10.5 versus 1.6, respectively). This derivative showed a substrate-independent and a mixed type of inhibition. The effect of compound 11 on the ABCG2 ATPase activity and thermostability revealed allosteric protein changes. This compound did not affect the expression levels of ABCG2 and increased the binding of the conformationalsensitive antibody 5D3. A docking study showed that 11 did not share the same binding site with ABCG2 substrate mitoxantrone. Finally, 11 could revert the chemoresistance to SN-38 mediated by ABCG2.

Trunk barks of Sacoglottis ceratocarpaDucke (ScTB) are used in Amazonian folk medicine against hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, although scientific information on efficacy and quality control is lacking. Thus, pharmacognostic parameters, qualitative phytochemical profile, antioxidant properties (DPPH, TEAC and FRAP), toxicity and cytotoxicity were evaluated. The purity tests in the quality control performed for the vegetable raw material showed compliance with the specifications in official compendiums. Tannins, catechins, terpenes and steroids were characterized. Bergenin, a gallic acid derivative, was isolated and identified. The ScTB was rich in total phenolic (0.420-0.562 g/g) and flavonoid (11.37-24.31 mg/g) content, and considerable antioxidant potential. ScTB did not demonstrate cytotoxicity for human erythrocytes and renal fibroblasts, nortoxicity for brine shrimp. The results demonstrated the importance of the pharmacognostic study for the immediate knowledge of the quality and qualitative chemical profile of the trunk barks, contributing to the safe and effective use of the species.

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