This paper explores the use of the Outcome Rating Scale (ORS) and the Session Rating Scale (SRS) in clinical practice through the perspective of the client. These assessment tools are designed to provide clinicians with direct feedback from clients about the client’s views on progress in therapy and their views on the quality of each session provided by the clinician. In this qualitative study, 13 clients were interviewed to explore their perceptions of the use of the ORS and SRS in their sessions. Results indicate generally highly favorable reactions to use of these assessment tools with some exceptions. There is a discussion of the implications of these findings for clinical practitioners who wish to use the ORS and SRS.

In this paper, by applying the Fan-KKM Theorem, we prove the existence of solutions to a constrained optimization problem.As applications, we solve some constrained optimal taxation problems.That is, we demonstrate the existence of tax rate functions that maximizes the utilities of taxpayers subjected to some government tax revenue plans.

To understand current maternal health outcomes and growing health disparities, this interdisciplinary project investigates the development of a community advisory board (CAB), guided by the principles of community-based participatory research (CBPR), which explores the perspectives of providers, community stakeholders, and students. This step-by-step process analysis allows for greater clarity and recognition of areas to consider in future CAB initiatives and use of interprofessional education. Both quantitative and qualitative principles were used to assess and evaluate the process, including survey, observation, and content analysis. While this project remains in the early stages, promising results have emerged supporting strong group dynamics and commitment toward change in the local community while identifying improvements to the overall delivery of the CAB and CBPR process.

The worldwide pandemic caused by COVID-19 was an event that has left an indelible mark upon the people who lived through this period. This special issue of Psychology in the Schools is devoted to exploring the wide range of issues that children, families, and schools dealt with during the pandemic. The following topics are discussed: (1) an overview of how children were affected in both physical and psychological terms, (2) the range of problems that professionals working with youth during the pandemic had to address, (3) the special issues that impacted college-age students during the pandemic, and finally (4) the various factors that influenced the level of impact that COVID-19 had on children and their families.

In this paper, we construct a discrete optimal taxation problem model for given societies and given time periods. By applying the Fan-KKM Theorem, we prove the solvability of some constrained optimal taxation problems.

In this paper, we consider some social activities in real life, which induce some partially ordered social utilities (benefits). Where, the social utilities in some social activities are said to be partially ordered if vectors in some ordered spaces, which are not linearly ordered, represent them. Then, by using the upward power preorder on the power sets of preordered sets, we construct a mathematical partially ordered social utility optimization model. We study the existence of efficient initial social activity profiles for some partially ordered social utility optimization problems with respect to social utility functions in large. We also prove the existence of Pareto efficient initial social activity profiles for some partially ordered social utility optimization problems with respect to uncertain social utility set-valued functions.

In this paper, we use the upward power preorder relation on the power sets of ordered sets to construct a mathematical social benefit maximization model in a fiscal year with respect to the initially planned fiscal budgetary policies and the practically implementation of the fiscal budgetary policies. We only consider the uncertainty case for the social benefit functions. By applying the Fan-KKM Theorem, we prove the existence of a generalized optimal complete feasible fiscal budget policy and the existence of a generalized Pareto optimal complete feasible fiscal policy, respectively.

The purpose of this paper is to put forth a model of practice with men that is gender-sensitive in the manner in which assessment and intervention occurs. A general framework of practice is presented with a discussion of the special challenges that men present to helpers in the field. Suggestions for overcoming various challenges are also presented.

Social expectations of the father’s role in the family have changed considerably in the past four decades. The purpose of this study was to examine the various factors that influence both father role salience and father involvement with their preschool age children based upon a model set forth by Doherty, Kouneski, & Erickson (1998). Data was collected from seventy-four fathers regarding factors that affected their involvement level with their children. Five primary variables were assessed: Father Role Salience, Father Employment, Mother Employment, Encouragement from Partner, and Child Gender. Based upon multiple regression analysis and path analysis it was found that of the five original variables, only three significantly affected father involvement: father role salience, father employment, and mother employment. Father role salience was also found to be a mediating variable between father employment and father involvement. Recommendations and implications for future research and practice are discussed.

This paper explores the use of the Outcome Rating Scale (ORS) and the Session Rating Scale (SRS) in clinical social work supervision. These assessment tools are designed to provide clinicians with direct feedback from clients about the clients’ views on progress in therapy and their views on the quality of each session provided by the clinician. This type of feedback can be useful for beginning therapists as well as experienced therapists. This paper discusses helpful ways that these assessment tools can be used by clinical supervisors to increase the competence and self-awareness of clinical social workers in training. Supervisors can work with their trainees to help those in training better assess their own practice and what changes they might need to make based upon the results from the ORS and the SRS.

In this paper, we use the power, upward power and the downward power preorders on the power sets of topological vector spaces to define the split generalized vector variational inequality problems for set-valued mappings on topological vector spaces. By using the Fan-KKM theorem, we prove an existence theorem for solutions to some split generalized vector variational inequality problems for set-valued mappings on topological vector spaces. Consequently, we prove the solvability of some generalized vector variational inequality problems for set-valued mappings. As applications, we study the existence of efficient pair of initial social activity profiles for some split generalized social utility optimization problems.

This paper presents a model for integrating elements of Transformational Leadership with Confucian Philosophy. The various concepts of each perspective are discussed with special emphasis on efforts to note similarities in the two perspectives. Examples of how leaders could apply the integration of these two perspectives are presented for those working in the social service field.

ABSTRACT Youth violence has become a growing concern in American society. One consistent precursor to violent behavior seems to be the development of proviolence attitudes in youth. It was the purpose of the current study to explore the various factors that influence the development of proviolence attitudes in male adolescents. A multidimensional model was constructed to explain violent youth attitudes among a sample of 75 incarcerated adolescent males. Participants completed a questionnaire that assessed their attitudes towards violence. Results indicated that the ability to experience empathy was the largest contributor to explaining the variance in adolescent proviolence attitudes. Adolescents living with both of their biological parents reported lower levels of proviolence attitudes as well as higher levels of empathy.

Recent interest has been given to the relationship between nonresidential fathers and their children following divorce. Much of this research has focused on exploring rates of contact, and factors that influence ongoing father-child contact. Little attention has been paid to the “quality” of the father-child relationship after divorce. The current project reports the findings of a study of 101 nonresidential fathers and the factors that influenced the quality of their relationship. A multifactor model was tested, and three factors were found to have the highest influence on relationship quality. These factors were: father role clarity, father parenting ability, and perceived mother parenting ability. The implications of these findings are discussed. Nonresidential fathers

The purpose of this study was to explore the role that varying types of social support have on the psychological well-being of nonresidential fathers following divorce. The various sources of influences that were explored include support from: former spouse, parents of former spouse, fathers' parents, other relatives, friends, minister/clergy, intimate other, social workers, lawyer, therapists, teachers, other fathers, and support from the workplace. Data were collected from 101 fathers identified by means of a mandated divorce education program through the completion of a self-administered questionnaire. Analysis of the data indicated that the psychological well-being of the nonresidential fathers in this study was associated with a combination of support factors that included: (a) support from the father's workplace, (b) support from the father's new intimate other, (c) support from the father's former spouse, and (d) support from the fathers' former in-laws. The finding that the new "intimate other" is an important person in helping a father adjust to divorce has received quite a bit of support in the pre-existing research literature. However, the importance of the other support systems has received little attention. The implications of these findings will be discussed for program developers and direct service practitioners.

In response to the significant increase in divorce and the expanding number of children affected by this stressor, parent education programs for divorcing individuals have been developed. There are over 500 of these programs nationwide, yet few of these programs have been evaluated through quantitative methods, and none have been evaluated through use of extensive qualitative means. It was the purpose of the current study to explore, in depth, the following areas related to divorce education programs through a qualitative approach: (a) how parents constructed the knowledge from the program, (b) the degree to which the participants felt the program was helpful, (c) which program components were most effective, and (d) whether the participants had any specific suggestions on how to improve the program. Suggestions for practice are also provided based upon the findings from this study. Key Words: Coparentingdivorce educationparent education