GNSS/INS system composed of Global Navigation Satellite System and Inertial Navigation System together can provide orientation parameters directly by the observations collected during the flight. Thus orientation parameters can be obtained by GNSS/INS integration process without any need for aero triangulation after the flight. In general, positional uncertainty can be estimated with known coordinates of Ground Control Points (GCP) which require field works such as marker construction and GNSS measurement leading additional cost to the project. Here the question arises what should be the theoretical uncertainty of point coordinates depending on the uncertainties of orientation parameters. In this study the contribution of each orientation parameter on positional uncertainty is examined and theoretical positional uncertainty is computed without GCP measurement for direct georeferencing using a graphical user interface developed in MATLAB.

These mandatory guidelines are provided for preparation of papers accepted for publication in the series of Volumes of The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences from ISPRS Congresses and Symposia, and other ISPRS sponsored meetings. These guidelines are issued to ensure a uniform style throughout the series. Your cooperation in adhering to these guidelines is greatly appreciated by the host organizing committee of the meeting. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences will be produced either on CD- ROM or printed in hardcopy on paper, according to the requirements of the meeting organizing committee, and distributed to registrants at the meetings. All papers that are accepted by the relevant scientific committee of an ISPRS event will be published provided they arrive by the due date and they correspond to these guidelines. Papers should be sent to the meeting organizers in digital form. Reproduction is made directly from author-prepared manuscripts, in electronic or hardcopy form, in A4 paper size 297mm x 210mm (11.69 x 8.27 inches). To assure timely and efficient production of the Archives with a consistent and easy to read format, authors must submit their manuscripts in strict conformance with these guidelines. The Society may omit any paper that does not conform to the specified requirements. There will be no opportunity for corrections or improvements of poorly prepared originals. These instructions have been prepared in the form that is internationally agreed on for volumes of the Archives.

This paper describes an on-going study that aims to develop a web-based spatial decision support system model for proactive health and safety management in linear construction projects. Currently, health and safety management is usually performed reactively instead of proactive management since hazard identification and risk assessment is mostly performed on paper based documents that are not effectively used at site. This leads to accidents and fatalities at construction sites. The proposed system automatically identifies the spatial risks according to the topographic and layout map of the site, project specification and health and safety regulations by means of spatial analysis. It enables the workers and management personnel to access the possible hazards and thematic risk map of any portion of the construction site for linear projects. Finally, the described approach provides the proposed mitigation measures for the identified hazards. The developed system is expected to raise awareness in H&S among workers and engineers, and increase participation of workers to health and safety management.

The studies of recent crustal movements are based on analyses of repeated geodetic measurements, and their combination with results of geophysical and geological investigations. It is obvious that a single data producer can not produce useful datasets and information without integrating data from others because one scientist’s results become another’s data. So, the problem to be solved naturally has an interdisciplinary character. However, Earth scientists traditionally work on one aspect of the problem and they have a tradition of sharing of data but they are willing to share it if asked. Because of this, the resources are being wasted in duplicative efforts. However, the goal is for data to evolve it into information, and then into knowledge as quickly and effectively as possible. In order to do this, calculations and analysis need to bring to the desktops of researchers, decision-makers, and educators. The aim of this study is to develop a service-oriented architecture (SOA) based Geographic Information System (GIS) that enables linking and sharing multidisciplinary Earth science data, tools, and software and to provide a wide range of users access to the system and in this way to build an easy-to-use interactive access to data and analysis environment to study earthquakes in Turkey.

Hava fotografi ve uydu goruntulerindeki veriler, cok uzun zamandir klasik yollarla ve operatorler tarafindan elle cizilmekteydi. Bilgisayar teknolojisi ve dijital goruntu isleme alanlarindaki gelismeler, gunumuzde bu islemlerin otomatiklesmesine olanak saglamaktadir. Otomatiklesmenin hedefi hizi arttirmak ve degerlendirme masraflarini azaltmaktir. Bu kapsamda fotogrametri alaninda otomatiklesmenin buyuk oranda saglandigi islemlerden birisi de Sayisal Yukseklik Modeli (SYM) uretimi olmustur. Bununla birlikte otomatik yontemlerin dogruluklarini artirmak amaciyla bircok calisma yapilmasina ragmen, bircok alanda klasik yontemlerin dogruluklarina ulasilamamistir. SYM uretiminde klasik yontem olan fotogrametrik degerlendirme ile es yukseklik egrilerinin cizimi ve otomatik yontem olan goruntu esleme ile SYM uretimi ve dogruluklarinin arastirilmasi konusunda cesitli calismalar yapilmistir. Ancak bu calismalarda elde edilen sonuclar kullanilan kaynak veriye, uretim yontemine, topografik ozelliklere, uretilen SYM’nin cozunurlugune ve karsilastirmada kullanilan referans veriye gore farklilik gostermektedir. Bu calismada iki farkli bolgede (Bursa ve Ankara) 1:16.000 olcekli hava fotograflari kullanilarak fotogrametrik degerlendirme ile uretilen es yukselti egrilerinden ve otomatik goruntu esleme ile SYM uretimi yapilmis ve her iki yontem dogruluklari bakimindan karsilastirilmistir. Calismanin ikinci asamasinda Bursa bolgesinde uretilen SYM kullanilarak SYM dogrulugu egim ve cozunurluge gore modellenmistir. Model olarak birinci ve ikinci dereceden bir polinom secilerek, polinom katsayilari dengeleme ile hesaplanmistir. Elde edilen sonuclar, SYM dogrulugu ve cozunurlugun buyuk oranda korelasyonlu oldugunu, SYM cozunurlugundeki dususle beraber SYM dogrulugunda da dusus gerceklestigini gostermistir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Sayisal yukseklik modeli, otomatik goruntu esleme, hava fotograflari .

Yerkabugu deformasyonu calismalari, tekrarli jeodezik olcmelerin analizi ve bunlarin jeolojik ve jeofizik arastirmalardan elde edilen sonuclar ile birlikte degerlendirilmesine dayanir. Bir disiplinin urettigi sonuc, diger bir disiplinin girdi verisi oldugundan, tek tip veri ureten bir calismanin, diger calismalardan uretilmis degisik tipteki verileri kendi verisi ile entegre etmedigi surece anlamli bilgi uretemeyecegi aciktir. Bu da gostermektedir ki, cozulmesi gereken problem dogal olarak disiplinlerarasi bir karaktere sahiptir. Ancak yer bilimciler genellikle problemin bir yani uzerine calismakta ve sadece istendiginde verisini paylasma egilimindedirler. Bu nedenle kaynaklar, tekrar tekrar ayni calismalar uzerinde bosuna harcanmis olmaktadir. Halbuki gunumuzde verinin mumkun oldugu kadar cabuk ve efektif olarak bilgiye donusmesi gerekmektedir. Bunu gerceklestirebilmek icin hesap ve analiz ortamlarinin arastirmacilarin, karar vericilerin ve egitimcilerin masaustu bilgisayarlarina tasinmis olmasi gerekmektedir. Bu calismanin amaci, cok disiplinli yer bilimleri verilerini, araclarini ve yazilimlarini birbirine baglayan ve paylasimini saglayan servis odakli mimari yapida bir Cografi Bilgi Sisteminin olusturulmasi ve bu sisteme farkli seviyelerde kullanicilarin (bilimadami, egitimci, karar verici vd.) ulasiminin saglanmasi ve boylece Turkiye’de depremler ile ilgili calisma yapmak isteyenlerin, kolay kullanim arayuzu ile interaktif olarak veriye, hesap ve analiz ortamina ulasmasinin saglanmasidir. Servis odakli mimari farkli isletim sistemleri ve platformlarda calisan ve farkli programlama dilleri ile yaratilmis uygulamalardan elde edilecek dagitik bilginin belli amaclar icin biraraya gelmesini saglayan bir cozumdur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Cografi bilgi sistemi, servis odakli mimari, internet, yer bilimleri .

Bilgi sistemlerinin yogun olarak kullanildigi gunumuzde, Cografi Bilgi Sistemlerine (CBS) ve CBS’nin temel bilesenlerinden cografi verilere olan ihtiyac, artarak devam etmektedir. Cografi verilerin uretimi, CBS bilesenleri arasinda en cok zaman ve maliyet gerektiren islemi olusturmaktadir. Dolayisiyla cografi veri ureticileri icin, uretim sureclerinin otomasyonu son derece onem tasimaktadir. Istenilen nitelik ve icerikteki cografi veriler, daha yuksek mekânsal cozunurluge sahip cografi verilerin bulunmasi durumunda bu verilerden turetme yolu ile uretilebilir. Turetilen cografi verilerin dogrulugu, CBS icindeki veriyi ve dolayisiyla analiz sonuclarini dogrudan etkilediginden, basili haritalardaki durumlarindan daha da onemli hale gelmektedir. Bilgisayar destekli harita uretim tekniklerin kullanimi ile birlikte, genellestirme islemleri sonuclarinin degerlendirilmesinde kullanilacak yeni yontemlere olan gereksinim, kendini belirgin olarak gostermektedir. Hata matrisi, raster verilerle yapilan siniflandirma islemlerinin dogruluk analizlerinde yogun olarak kullanilmaktadir. Bu calismada; hata matrisinin, turetme cografi veri uretim amacli gerceklestirilen cografi veri secim islemi sonuclarinin degerlendirmesinde kullanimi irdelenmistir . Turetme cografi verilerin uretiminde gerceklestirilen cografi veri secimi, aslinda bir tur siniflandirma islemidir. Cografi detaylar, “secilen” ve “secilmeyen” seklinde iki ayri sinifa ayristirilmaktadir. H ata matrisinin, cografi veri otomatik secim sonuclarinin degerlendirilmesinde kullanimi bir uygulama ile gerceklestirilmistir. Hata matrisinin, yapilan secim islemi sonucu ve dogrulugu hakkinda yansiz ve kapsamli bir degerlendirme sundugu ve bu amacla kullanilabilecegi gorulmustur. Hata matrisinin, secim islemini dogrudan etkileyen en iyi secim olcutlerinin belirlenmesinde de kullanilabilecegi degerlendirilmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Cografi veri, secme ve eleme, dogruluk, hata matrisi.

The studies of recent crustal movements are based on analyses of repeated geodetic measurements, and their combination with results of geophysical and geological investigations. It is obvious that a single data producer cannot produce useful datasets and information without integrating data from others because one scientist’s results become another’s data. So, the problem to be solved naturally has an interdisciplinary character. However, earth scientists traditionally work on one aspect of the problem and they have a tradition of sharing of data but they are willing to share it if asked. Because of this, the resources are being wasted in duplicative efforts. However, the goal is for data to evolve it into information, and then into knowledge as quickly and effectively as possible. In order to do this, calculations and analysis need to bring to the desktops of researchers, decision-makers, and educators. The aim of this study is to develop a service-oriented architecture (SOA) based Geographic Information System (GIS) that enables linking and sharing multidisciplinary earth science data, tools, and software and to provide a wide range of users access to the system and in this way to build an easy-to-use interactive access to data and analysis environment to study earthquakes in Turkey.

The studies of recent crustal movements are based on analyses of repeated geodetic measurements, and their combination with results of geophysical and geological investigations. It is obvious that a single data producer can not produce useful datasets and information without integrating data from others because one scientist's results become another's data. So, the problem to be solved naturally has an interdisciplinary character. However, Earth scientists traditionally work on one aspect of the problem and they have a tradition of sharing of data but they are willing to share it if asked. Because of this, the resources are being wasted in duplicative efforts. However, the goal is for data to evolve it into information, and then into knowledge as quickly and effectively as possible. In order to do this, calculations and analysis need to bring to the desktops of researchers, decision-makers, and educators. The aim of this study is to develop a service oriented architecture based Geographic Information System that enables linking and sharing multidisciplinary Earth science data, tools, and software and to provide a wide range of users (scientist, educators, policymakers, etc.) access to the system and in this way to build an easy-to-use interactive access to data and analysis environment to study earthquakes in Turkey.In this study, a system was developed to access the Earth science data that is available now and data which will be coming online, and to provide users easy access to computation and visualization tools. This study is a motivation for developing the necessary information technology infrastructure applicable to Earth science areas. It speeds up the scientific discovery process. It is scalable to accommodate future growth and changes since the framework is based on the service oriented architecture. This architecture allows the modules to be written in separate programming languages, and to be run on different computers over the Internet. GIS is used as a user interface with zooming, panning, and query capabilities and is executed over the Web. The functional requirements of the system are the various information technologies. It includes many types of data and algorithms from the field of the Earth sciences, computers, GIS, networking and databases.

Aerial photographs and satellite imagery have been evaluated manually by the operators for a long time for the extraction of the contour line and DEM data. Computer technology and digital image processing technologies have been developed and this development provides to perform these extraction processes automatically or semi-automatically. The aim of making the processes automatic is to increase the speed of collecting the data and to reduce the cost. Many researches are made about the production of digital elevation models from different data sources and with different methods. In all of the studies, digital elevation models having different resolutions and different data sources are produced and the accuracies of digital elevation models are investigated. The results of these studies vary according to the source data, resolution, ground control point distribution, production method, topography, and reference data for the accuracy assessment. In this study, digital elevation models are produced by automatic image matching and from contour lines which are compiled from 1:35.000 scale aerial photographs and the accuracies of digital elevation models are assessed. Optimum data collection interval and accuracy of digital elevation models are investigated. Automatic image matching and photogrammetric compilation methods for digital elevation model production are compared. Accuracies are also investigated according to the resolution of digital elevation model and slope of topography. The results showed that the accuracy is correlated highly with digital elevation model resolution and 8 to 16 meters of DEM resolution is appropriate for DEMs produced by automatic image matching from 1:35.000 scale aerial photographs. A higher resolution of DEM does not affect the accuracy of DEM.

Modern geographical information systems make it possible to integrate information from multiple sources in different forms for querying and analysing information. So the importance of geospatial databases is growing from day to day, and their applications extend beyond the traditional applications of geospatial databases and GIS. One of the most recent challenges is integrating geospatial data from heterogeneous sources with varied formats and positional accuracy into databases for GIS applications. Another research is required to integrate time into the databases because geospatial data and its applications are not always static. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of current status of researches and future trends in geospatial databases. * Corresponding author.

The primary view of geographic data has historically been through maps. Now, rise of has allowed to provide geospatial data through online mapping interfaces. A Geographic Information System (GIS) is an organized collection of computer hardware, software, geographic data, and personnel designed to efficiently capture, store, update, manipulate, analyze, and display many forms of geographically referenced information (ESRI 1995). Together with use of Web, GIS allows public to access GIS functions and data. WebGIS is described as a network-centric tool that uses the Internet to access and transmit data and analysis tools to enhance visualization and integration of spatial data. This study represents an access to earthquake information and interactive database applications with querying capabilities over Internet. In this study, data acquired from different sources were compiled by using GIS softwares. WebGIS software packages provide various kinds of GIS functions and analysis. This study has implemented with MapObjects Map Server.